295 results on '"Same Ekobo, A."'
Search Results
2. Rationalizing artemisinin-based combination therapies use for treatment of uncomplicated malaria: A situation analysis in health facilities and private pharmacies of Douala 5e-Cameroon
- Author
-
Eboumbou Moukoko, Carole Else, primary, Etang, Josiane, additional, Kojom Foko, Loick Pradel, additional, Tafock, Christian Donald, additional, Epee Eboumbou, Patricia, additional, Essangui Same, Estelle Géraldine, additional, Penda, Ida Calixte, additional, and Same Ekobo, Albert, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Effectiveness of Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in Pregnancy: Low Coverage and High Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum dhfr-dhps Quintuple Mutants as Major Challenges in Douala, an Urban Setting in Cameroon
- Author
-
Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko, Loick Pradel Kojom Foko, Angèle Ayina, Bernard Tornyigah, Annie Rachel Epote, Ida Calixte Penda, Patricia Epee Eboumbou, Serge Bruno Ebong, Gaetan Texier, Sandrine Eveline Nsango, Lawrence Ayong, Nicaise Tuikue Ndam, and Albert Same Ekobo
- Subjects
malaria infection ,IPTp-SP ,pregnant women ,effectiveness ,dhfr ,dhps ,Medicine - Abstract
Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) is a key component in the malaria control strategy implemented in Africa. The aim of this study was to determine IPTp-SP adherence and coverage, and the impact on maternal infection and birth outcomes in the context of widespread SP resistance in the city of Douala, Cameroon. Clinical and demographic information were documented among 888 pregnant women attending 3 health facilities, from the antenatal care visit to delivery. Positive samples were genotyped for P. falciparum gene (dhfr, dhps, and k13) mutations. The overall IPTp-SP coverage (≥three doses) was 17.5%, and 5.1% received no dose. P. falciparum prevalence was 16%, with a predominance of submicroscopic infections (89.3%). Malaria infection was significantly associated with locality and history of malaria, and it was reduced among women using indoor residual spraying. Optimal doses of IPTp-SP were significantly associated with reduced infection among newborns and women (secundiparous and multiparous), but there was no impact of IPTp-SP on the newborn bodyweight. Pfdhfr-Pfdhps quintuple mutants were over-represented (IRNI-FGKAA, IRNI-AGKAA), and sextuple mutants (IRNI-AGKAS, IRNI-FGEAA, IRNI-AGKGS) were also reported. The Pfk13 gene mutations associated with artemisinin resistance were not detected. This study highlights the role of ANC in achieving optimal SP coverage in pregnant women, the mitigated impact of IPTp-SP on malaria outcomes, and the high prevalence of multiple SP-resistant P. falciparum parasites in the city of Douala that could compromise the efficacy of IPTp-SP.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Rationalizing artemisinin-based combination therapies use for treatment of uncomplicated malaria: A situation analysis in health facilities and private pharmacies of Douala 5e-Cameroon.
- Author
-
Eboumbou Moukoko, Carole Else, Etang, Josiane, Kojom Foko, Loick Pradel, Tafock, Christian Donald, Epee Eboumbou, Patricia, Essangui Same, Estelle Géraldine, Penda, Ida Calixte, and Same Ekobo, Albert
- Subjects
DRUGSTORES ,HEALTH facilities ,MALARIA ,RESOURCE-limited settings ,HEALTH education ,CONSUMERS ,MALARIA prevention - Abstract
Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) represent one of the mainstays of malaria control. Despite evidence of the risk of ACTs resistant infections in resource-limited countries, studies on the rational use of ACTs to inform interventions and prevent their emergence and/or spread are limited. The aim of this study was designed to analyze practices toward ACTs use for treating the treatment of uncomplicated malaria (UM) in an urban community. Between November 2015 and April 2016, a cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted in the 6 health facilities and all pharmacies in the Douala 5
e subdivision, Cameroon. Anonymous interviews including both open- and closed-ended questions were conducted with selected participants among drug prescribers, patients attending the health facilities, and customers visiting the pharmacies. Data analysis was performed using StataSE11 software (version 11 SE). A total of 41 prescribers were included in the study. All were aware of national treatment guidelines, but 37.7% reported not waiting for test results before prescribing an antimalarial drug, and the main reason being stock-outs at health facilities. Likewise, artemether+lumefantrine/AL (81%) and dihydroartemisinin+piperaquine (63.5%) were the most commonly used first- and second-line drugs respectively. Biological tests were requested in 99.2% (128/129) of patients in health facilities, 60.0% (74) were performed and 6.2% were rationally managed. Overall 266 (35%) of 760 customers purchased antimalarial drugs, of these, 261 (98.1%) agreed to participate and of these, 69.4% purchased antimalarial drugs without a prescription. ACTs accounted for 90.0% of antimalarials purchased from pharmacies, of which AL was the most commonly prescribed antimalarial drug (67.1%), and only 19.5% of patients were appropriately dispensed. The current data suggest a gap between the knowledge and practices of prescribers as well as patients and customers misconceptions regarding the use of ACTs in Douala 5e subdivision. Despite government efforts to increase public awareness regarding the use of ACTs as first-line treatment for UM, our findings point out a critical need for the development, implementation and scaling-up of control strategies and continuing health education for better use of ACTs (prescription and dispensing) in Cameroon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Treatment Adherence among HIV and TB Patients Using Single and Double Way Mobile Phone Text Messages: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
-
Odette Dzemo Kibu, Vincent Verla Siysi, Same Ekobo Albert Legrand, Elvis Asangbeng Tanue, and Dickson Shey Nsagha
- Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 - Abstract
Background. Research has shown that patients fail to adhere to ART and TB treatment due to the long duration of both therapies, side effects, and forgetfulness. Objective. To assess the role of the double-way and single-way SMS on adherence to HIV and TB treatment. Materials and Methods. A randomized controlled trial among adult HIV and TB patients on treatment at the Buea Regional and Kumba District Hospitals, South West Region, Cameroon, was conducted. Participants were randomly allocated to the control, single-way, and double-way SMS intervention groups. HIV and TB participants were followed independently for a period of 6 months and 3 months, respectively. Baseline and post-intervention data were collected and analyzed using the chi-square and Student’s t-tests with statistical significance set at p
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Candida Spp. in Patients with Clinical Presentation of a Urinary Tract Infection in Yaounde, Cameroon
- Author
-
Ngando, Laure, primary, Mbous Nguimbus, Leopold, additional, Guy Epoupa Ngalle, Frantz, additional, Nkoa, Thérèse, additional, and Legrand Same Ekobo, Albert, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Review of malaria situation in Cameroon: technical viewpoint on challenges and prospects for disease elimination
- Author
-
Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio, Cyrille Ndo, Flobert Njiokou, Jude D. Bigoga, Parfait Awono-Ambene, Josiane Etang, Albert Same Ekobo, and Charles S. Wondji
- Subjects
Malaria ,Plasmodium ,Vector control ,Drug resistance ,Insecticide resistance ,Anopheles ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Malaria still has a devastating impact on public health and welfare in Cameroon. Despite the increasing number of studies conducted on disease prevalence, transmission patterns or treatment, there are to date, not enough studies summarising findings from previous works in order to identify gaps in knowledge and areas of interest where further evidence is needed to drive malaria elimination efforts. The present study seeks to address these gaps by providing a review of studies conducted so far on malaria in Cameroon since the 1940s to date. Over 250 scientific publications were consulted for this purpose. Although there has been increased scale-up of vector control interventions which significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality to malaria across the country from a prevalence of 41% of the population reporting at least one malaria case episode in 2000 to a prevalence of 24% in 2017, the situation is not yet under control. There is a high variability in disease endemicity between epidemiological settings with prevalence of Plasmodium parasitaemia varying from 7 to 85% in children aged 6 months to 15 years after long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) scale-up. Four species of Plasmodium have been recorded across the country: Plasmodium falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. vivax. Several primate-infecting Plasmodium spp. are also circulating in Cameroon. A decline of artemisinin-based combinations therapeutic efficacy from 97% in 2006 to 90% in 2016 have been reported. Several mutations in the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance (Pfcrt) and P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (Pfmdr1) genes conferring resistance to either 4-amino-quinoleine, mefloquine, halofanthrine and quinine have been documented. Mutations in the Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes involved in sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine are also on the rise. No mutation associated with artemisinin resistance has been recorded. Sixteen anopheline species contribute to malaria parasite transmission with six recognized as major vectors: An. gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis, An. funestus, An. nili and An. moucheti. Studies conducted so far, indicated rapid expansion of DDT, pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in An. gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis and An. funestus threatening the performance of LLINs. This review highlights the complex situation of malaria in Cameroon and the need to urgently implement and reinforce integrated control strategies in different epidemiological settings, as part of the substantial efforts to consolidate gains and advance towards malaria elimination in the country.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The effect of dosing strategies on the therapeutic efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine for uncomplicated malaria: a meta-analysis of individual patient data.
- Author
-
WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) AS-AQ Study Group, Adjuik, Martin A, Allan, Richard, Anvikar, Anupkumar R, Ashley, Elizabeth A, Ba, Mamadou S, Barennes, Hubert, Barnes, Karen I, Bassat, Quique, Baudin, Elisabeth, Björkman, Anders, Bompart, François, Bonnet, Maryline, Borrmann, Steffen, Brasseur, Philippe, Bukirwa, Hasifa, Checchi, Francesco, Cot, Michel, Dahal, Prabin, D'Alessandro, Umberto, Deloron, Philippe, Desai, Meghna, Diap, Graciela, Djimde, Abdoulaye A, Dorsey, Grant, Doumbo, Ogobara K, Espié, Emmanuelle, Etard, Jean-Francois, Fanello, Caterina I, Faucher, Jean-François, Faye, Babacar, Flegg, Jennifer A, Gaye, Oumar, Gething, Peter W, González, Raquel, Grandesso, Francesco, Guerin, Philippe J, Guthmann, Jean-Paul, Hamour, Sally, Hasugian, Armedy Ronny, Hay, Simon I, Humphreys, Georgina S, Jullien, Vincent, Juma, Elizabeth, Kamya, Moses R, Karema, Corine, Kiechel, Jean R, Kremsner, Peter G, Krishna, Sanjeev, Lameyre, Valérie, Ibrahim, Laminou M, Lee, Sue J, Lell, Bertrand, Mårtensson, Andreas, Massougbodji, Achille, Menan, Hervé, Ménard, Didier, Menéndez, Clara, Meremikwu, Martin, Moreira, Clarissa, Nabasumba, Carolyn, Nambozi, Michael, Ndiaye, Jean-Louis, Nikiema, Frederic, Nsanzabana, Christian, Ntoumi, Francine, Ogutu, Bernhards R, Olliaro, Piero, Osorio, Lyda, Ouédraogo, Jean-Bosco, Penali, Louis K, Pene, Mbaye, Pinoges, Loretxu, Piola, Patrice, Price, Ric N, Roper, Cally, Rosenthal, Philip J, Rwagacondo, Claude Emile, Same-Ekobo, Albert, Schramm, Birgit, Seck, Amadou, Sharma, Bhawna, Sibley, Carol Hopkins, Sinou, Véronique, Sirima, Sodiomon B, Smith, Jeffery J, Smithuis, Frank, Somé, Fabrice A, Sow, Doudou, Staedke, Sarah G, Stepniewska, Kasia, Swarthout, Todd D, Sylla, Khadime, Talisuna, Ambrose O, Tarning, Joel, Taylor, Walter RJ, Temu, Emmanuel A, Thwing, Julie I, Tjitra, Emiliana, and Tine, Roger CK
- Subjects
WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) AS-AQ Study Group ,Humans ,Malaria ,Falciparum ,Recurrence ,Artemisinins ,Amodiaquine ,Drug Combinations ,Antimalarials ,Treatment Outcome ,Risk Factors ,Dose-Response Relationship ,Drug ,Middle Aged ,Africa ,Female ,Male ,Malaria ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Drug resistance ,Artesunate ,Dosing ,Efficacy ,Falciparum ,Dose-Response Relationship ,Drug ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General & Internal Medicine - Abstract
BackgroundArtesunate-amodiaquine (AS-AQ) is one of the most widely used artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa. We investigated the impact of different dosing strategies on the efficacy of this combination for the treatment of falciparum malaria.MethodsIndividual patient data from AS-AQ clinical trials were pooled using the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) standardised methodology. Risk factors for treatment failure were identified using a Cox regression model with shared frailty across study sites.ResultsForty-three studies representing 9,106 treatments from 1999-2012 were included in the analysis; 4,138 (45.4%) treatments were with a fixed dose combination with an AQ target dose of 30 mg/kg (FDC), 1,293 (14.2%) with a non-fixed dose combination with an AQ target dose of 25 mg/kg (loose NFDC-25), 2,418 (26.6%) with a non-fixed dose combination with an AQ target dose of 30 mg/kg (loose NFDC-30), and the remaining 1,257 (13.8%) with a co-blistered non-fixed dose combination with an AQ target dose of 30 mg/kg (co-blistered NFDC). The median dose of AQ administered was 32.1 mg/kg [IQR: 25.9-38.2], the highest dose being administered to patients treated with co-blistered NFDC (median = 35.3 mg/kg [IQR: 30.6-43.7]) and the lowest to those treated with loose NFDC-25 (median = 25.0 mg/kg [IQR: 22.7-25.0]). Patients treated with FDC received a median dose of 32.4 mg/kg [IQR: 27-39.0]. After adjusting for reinfections, the corrected antimalarial efficacy on day 28 after treatment was similar for co-blistered NFDC (97.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 97.0-98.8%]) and FDC (98.1% [95% CI: 97.6%-98.5%]; P = 0.799), but significantly lower for the loose NFDC-25 (93.4% [95% CI: 91.9%-94.9%]), and loose NFDC-30 (95.0% [95% CI: 94.1%-95.9%]) (P
- Published
- 2015
9. Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) in Cameroon: A formative epidemiological and socioeconomic investigation in eleven rural fishing communities.
- Author
-
Makia Christine Masong, Godlove Bunda Wepnje, Ntsinda Tchoffo Marlene, Victoria Gamba, Marie-Therese Mengue, Estelle Kouokam, J Russell Stothard, and Albert Legrand Same Ekobo
- Subjects
Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundFemale Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) is most often caused by presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs lodged in the female reproductive tract which results in chronic fibrosis and scarring. In Cameroon, despite high community prevalences of urine-patent S. haematobium infections, FGS has yet to be studied in depth. To shed light on the clinical prevalence and socioeconomic effects of FGS, we undertook a formative community-based epidemiological and qualitative survey.MethodA cross sectional multidisciplinary study of 304 girls and women from 11 remote rural fishing communities in Cameroon was undertaken using parasitological sampling, clinical colposcopy, and interviews. The lived experiences of those with FGS were documented using a process of ethnography with participant observation and in-depth interviews.ResultAmongst 304 women and girls aged >5 years (Median age: 18; Interquartile range: 9.6-28), 198 females were eligible for FGS testing and 58 adult women were examined by clinical colposcopy. Of these, 34 were positive for FGS (proportion: 58.6%; 95% CI: 45.8-70.4), younger girls showing a higher FGS prevalence, and older women not shedding eggs showing a pattern for cervical lesions from earlier infection. In a subset of women with FGS selected purposively (12/58), in-depth interviews with participant observation revealed out-of-pocket expenditures of up to 500USD related health spending for repeated diagnosis and treatment of gynecological illnesses, and 9 hours daily lost reproductive labour. Psychosocial unrest, loss in social capital, and despair were linked with sub-fertility and persistent vaginal itch.ConclusionWith our first formative evidence on prevalence, socioeconomic effects and experiences of FGS amongst women and girls in Cameroon, we have clarified to a new level of detail the deficit in provision of and access to peripheral health services in remote areas of Cameroon. Using this information, there is now strong evidence for national programs and services on women's health and schistosomiasis to update and revise policies targeted on prevention and management of FGS. We therefore stress the need for regular provision of Praziquantel treatment to adolescent girls and women in S. haematobium endemic areas, alongside better access to tailored diagnostic services that can detect FGS and appropriately triage care at primary health level.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Ownership and Utilisation of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tiko Health District, Southwest Region, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
- Author
-
Paulette Ngum Fru, Frederick Nchang Cho, Andrew N. Tassang, Celestina Neh Fru, Peter Nde Fon, and Albert Same Ekobo
- Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Introduction. Malaria is and remains a serious health concern in Africa. In Cameroon, where malaria is endemic and a major public health problem, the major control measure put in place is the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). In the Tiko Health District (THD), the challenges have been to assess and to evaluate the ownership and utilisation of LLINs. This study sought to assess the ownership and utilisation rates of LLINs in the THD. Methodology. A cross-sectional survey involving 418 households was conducted in four health areas in the THD. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on LLIN ownership and utilisation as well as sociodemographic characteristics. Results. The ownership of at least one LLIN per household, coverage, and accessibility were, respectively, 89%, 56.2%, and 66.3%, while installing LLINs on all beds in the household, sleeping under LLINs the previous night (SULPN), and universal utilisation were 72%, 24.9%, and 14.1%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with the ownership of at least one LLIN per household were respondent’s age and gender. Heat (21.1%) and forgetfulness (6.5%) were the main reasons postulated for irregular utilisation of LLINs. Conclusion. The ownership LLINs failed to guarantee utilisation and definitely effective control of malaria in the THD, as expected. Continuous and appropriate use of LLINs is indispensable, in addition to periodic sanitation, booster campaigns of LLIN distribution, and evaluation research for effective prevention and control of malaria.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Prevalence, Risk Factors and Treatment Outcomes of Congenital Malaria among Neonates Hospitalized in Hospitals of Douala, Cameroon
- Author
-
Thomas Kuete, Raïssa Anne Chantal Aurelie Moukoko Doualla, Danièle Keddy Mangamba, Mathio Esther Barla, Diomede Noukeu, Cecile Okalla, and Albert Same Ekobo
- Subjects
General Medicine - Published
- 2022
12. Efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine for treating uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-centre analysis
- Author
-
Zwang, Julien, Olliaro, Piero, Barennes, Hubert, Bonnet, Maryline, Brasseur, Philippe, Bukirwa, Hasifa, Cohuet, Sandra, D'Alessandro, Umberto, Djimdé, Abdulaye, Karema, Corine, Guthmann, Jean-Paul, Hamour, Sally, Ndiaye, Jean-Louis, Mårtensson, Andreas, Rwagacondo, Claude, Sagara, Issaka, Same-Ekobo, Albert, Sirima, Sodiomon B, van den Broek, Ingrid, Yeka, Adoke, Taylor, Walter RJ, Dorsey, Grant, and Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona
- Abstract
Abstract Background Artesunate and amodiaquine (AS&AQ) is at present the world's second most widely used artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). It was necessary to evaluate the efficacy of ACT, recently adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and deployed over 80 countries, in order to make an evidence-based drug policy. Methods An individual patient data (IPD) analysis was conducted on efficacy outcomes in 26 clinical studies in sub-Saharan Africa using the WHO protocol with similar primary and secondary endpoints. Results A total of 11,700 patients (75% under 5 years old), from 33 different sites in 16 countries were followed for 28 days. Loss to follow-up was 4.9% (575/11,700). AS&AQ was given to 5,897 patients. Of these, 82% (4,826/5,897) were included in randomized comparative trials with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping results and compared to 5,413 patients (half receiving an ACT). AS&AQ and other ACT comparators resulted in rapid clearance of fever and parasitaemia, superior to non-ACT. Using survival analysis on a modified intent-to-treat population, the Day 28 PCR-adjusted efficacy of AS&AQ was greater than 90% (the WHO cut-off) in 11/16 countries. In randomized comparative trials (n = 22), the crude efficacy of AS&AQ was 75.9% (95% CI 74.6–77.1) and the PCR-adjusted efficacy was 93.9% (95% CI 93.2–94.5). The risk (weighted by site) of failure PCR-adjusted of AS&AQ was significantly inferior to non-ACT, superior to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP, in one Ugandan site), and not different from AS+SP or AL (artemether-lumefantrine). The risk of gametocyte appearance and the carriage rate of AS&AQ was only greater in one Ugandan site compared to AL and DP, and lower compared to non-ACT (p = 0.001, for all comparisons). Anaemia recovery was not different than comparator groups, except in one site in Rwanda where the patients in the DP group had a slower recovery. Conclusion AS&AQ compares well to other treatments and meets the WHO efficacy criteria for use against falciparum malaria in many, but not all, the sub-Saharan African countries where it was studied. Efficacy varies between and within countries. An IPD analysis can inform general and local treatment policies. Ongoing monitoring evaluation is required.
- Published
- 2009
13. Effectiveness of Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in Pregnancy: Low Coverage and High Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum dhfr-dhps Quintuple Mutants as Major Challenges in Douala, an Urban Setting in Cameroon
- Author
-
Eboumbou Moukoko, Carole Else, primary, Kojom Foko, Loick Pradel, additional, Ayina, Angèle, additional, Tornyigah, Bernard, additional, Epote, Annie Rachel, additional, Penda, Ida Calixte, additional, Epee Eboumbou, Patricia, additional, Ebong, Serge Bruno, additional, Texier, Gaetan, additional, Nsango, Sandrine Eveline, additional, Ayong, Lawrence, additional, Tuikue Ndam, Nicaise, additional, and Same Ekobo, Albert, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Performance and Trends in Measles Case-Based Surveillance in the North West Region of Cameroon, 2009 to 2015
- Author
-
Wasu Chrispus Nchandone, Ginette Claude Mireille Kalla, Njamnshi Alfred Kongnyu, Same Ekobo Albert, and Assob Nguedia Jules Clement
- Subjects
Management of Technology and Innovation - Published
- 2022
15. Prevalence, Risk Factors and Treatment Outcomes of Congenital Malaria among Neonates Hospitalized in Hospitals of Douala, Cameroon
- Author
-
Kuete, Thomas, primary, Anne Chantal Aurelie Moukoko Doualla, Raïssa, additional, Keddy Mangamba, Danièle, additional, Esther Barla, Mathio, additional, Noukeu, Diomede, additional, Okalla, Cecile, additional, and Same Ekobo, Albert, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Haematological consequences of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network pooled analysis of individual patient data
- Author
-
Mansoor, Rashid, Commons, Robert J, Douglas, Nicholas M, Abuaku, Benjamin, Achan, Jane, Adam, Ishag, Adjei, George O, Adjuik, Martin, Alemayehu, Bereket H, Allan, Richard, Allen, Elizabeth N, Anvikar, Anupkumar R, Arinaitwe, Emmanuel, Ashley, Elizabeth A, Ashurst, Hazel, Asih, Puji BS, Bakyaita, Nathan, Barennes, Hubert, Barnes, Karen I, Basco, Leonardo, Bassat, Quique, Baudin, Elisabeth, Bell, David J, Bethell, Delia, Bjorkman, Anders, Boulton, Caroline, Bousema, Teun, Brasseur, Philippe, Bukirwa, Hasifa, Burrow, Rebekah, Carrara, Verena I, Cot, Michel, D'Alessandro, Umberto, Das, Debashish, Das, Sabyasachi, Davis, Timothy ME, Desai, Meghna, Djimde, Abdoulaye A, Dondorp, Arjen M, Dorsey, Grant, Drakeley, Chris J, Duparc, Stephan, Espie, Emmanuelle, Etard, Jean-Francois, Falade, Catherine, Faucher, Jean Francois, Filler, Scott, Fogg, Carole, Fukuda, Mark, Gaye, Oumar, Genton, Blaise, Rahim, Awab Ghulam, Gilayeneh, Julius, Gonzalez, Raquel, Grais, Rebecca F, Grandesso, Francesco, Greenwood, Brian, Grivoyannis, Anastasia, Hatz, Christoph, Hodel, Eva Maria, Humphreys, Georgina S, Hwang, Jimee, Ishengoma, Deus, Juma, Elizabeth, Kachur, S Patrick, Kager, Piet A, Kamugisha, Erasmus, Kamya, Moses R, Karema, Corine, Kayentao, Kassoum, Kazienga, Adama, Kiechel, Jean-Rene, Kofoed, Poul-Erik, Koram, Kwadwo, Kremsner, Peter G, Lalloo, David G, Laman, Moses, Lee, Sue J, Lell, Bertrand, Maiga, Amelia W, Martensson, Andreas, Mayxay, Mayfong, Mbacham, Wilfred, McGready, Rose, Menan, Herve, Menard, Didier, Mockenhaupt, Frank, Moore, Brioni R, Muller, Olaf, Nahum, Alain, Ndiaye, Jean-Louis, Newton, Paul N, Ngasala, Billy E, Nikiema, Frederic, Nji, Akindeh M, Noedl, Harald, Nosten, Francois, Ogutu, Bernhards R, Ojurongbe, Olusola, Osorio, Lyda, Ouedraogo, Jean-Bosco, Owusu-Agyei, Seth, Pareek, Anil, Penali, Louis K, Piola, Patrice, Plucinski, Mateusz, Premji, Zul, Ramharter, Michael, Richmond, Caitlin L, Rombo, Lars, Rosenthal, Philip J, Salman, Sam, Same-Ekobo, Albert, Sibley, Carol, Sirima, Sodiomon B, Smithuis, Frank M, Some, Fabrice A, Staedke, Sarah G, Starzengruber, Peter, Strub-Wourgaft, Nathalie, Sutanto, Inge, Swarthout, Todd D, Syafruddin, Din, Talisuna, Ambrose O, Taylor, Walter R, Temu, Emmanuel A, Thwing, Julie I, Tinto, Halidou, Tjitra, Emiliana, Toure, Offianan A, Tran, T Hien, Ursing, Johan, Valea, Innocent, Valentini, Giovanni, van Vugt, Michele, von Seidlein, Lorenz, Ward, Stephen A, Were, Vincent, White, Nicholas J, Woodrow, Charles J, Yavo, William, Yeka, Adoke, Zongo, Issaka, Simpson, Julie A, Guerin, Philippe J, Stepniewska, Kasia, Price, Ric N, Roper, Cally, Resistance, WorldWide Antimalarial, WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network Falciparum Haematology Study Group, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Epidémiologie des Maladies Chroniques en zone tropicale (EpiMaCT), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-OmégaHealth (ΩHealth), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Group, WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network Falciparum Haematology Study, Mansoor, R, Ashley, EA, Ashurst, H, Burrow, R, Carrara, VI, Das, D, Dondorp, AM, Humphreys, GS, Lee, SJ, Mayxay, M, McGready, R, Newton, PN, Nosten, F, Richmond, CL, Sibley, C, Smithuis, FM, Taylor, WR, Tran, TH, von Seidlein, L, White, NJ, Woodrow, CJ, Guerin, PJ, Stepniewska, K, Price, RN, AII - Infectious diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, Infectious diseases, APH - Global Health, and APH - Quality of Care
- Subjects
Infectious Medicine ,Plasmodium falciparum ,wh_120 ,Infektionsmedicin ,Severe anaemia ,Parasitemia ,wa_530 ,Antimalarials ,Non-artemisinin-based therapy ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,parasitic diseases ,qv_256 ,Humans ,[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Child ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,Pooled analysis of individual patient data ,Anemia ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,General Medicine ,Artemisinin-based therapy ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Malaria ,wc_750 ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Haemoglobin - Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with anaemia-related morbidity, attributable to host, parasite and drug factors. We quantified the haematological response following treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria to identify the factors associated with malarial anaemia. Methods Individual patient data from eligible antimalarial efficacy studies of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, available through the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network data repository prior to August 2015, were pooled using standardised methodology. The haematological response over time was quantified using a multivariable linear mixed effects model with nonlinear terms for time, and the model was then used to estimate the mean haemoglobin at day of nadir and day 7. Multivariable logistic regression quantified risk factors for moderately severe anaemia (haemoglobin < 7 g/dL) at day 0, day 3 and day 7 as well as a fractional fall ≥ 25% at day 3 and day 7. Results A total of 70,226 patients, recruited into 200 studies between 1991 and 2013, were included in the analysis: 50,859 (72.4%) enrolled in Africa, 18,451 (26.3%) in Asia and 916 (1.3%) in South America. The median haemoglobin concentration at presentation was 9.9 g/dL (range 5.0–19.7 g/dL) in Africa, 11.6 g/dL (range 5.0–20.0 g/dL) in Asia and 12.3 g/dL (range 6.9–17.9 g/dL) in South America. Moderately severe anaemia (Hb < 7g/dl) was present in 8.4% (4284/50,859) of patients from Africa, 3.3% (606/18,451) from Asia and 0.1% (1/916) from South America. The nadir haemoglobin occurred on day 2 post treatment with a mean fall from baseline of 0.57 g/dL in Africa and 1.13 g/dL in Asia. Independent risk factors for moderately severe anaemia on day 7, in both Africa and Asia, included moderately severe anaemia at baseline (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 16.10 and AOR = 23.00, respectively), young age (age < 1 compared to ≥ 12 years AOR = 12.81 and AOR = 6.79, respectively), high parasitaemia (AOR = 1.78 and AOR = 1.58, respectively) and delayed parasite clearance (AOR = 2.44 and AOR = 2.59, respectively). In Asia, patients treated with an artemisinin-based regimen were at significantly greater risk of moderately severe anaemia on day 7 compared to those treated with a non-artemisinin-based regimen (AOR = 2.06 [95%CI 1.39–3.05], p < 0.001). Conclusions In patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, the nadir haemoglobin occurs 2 days after starting treatment. Although artemisinin-based treatments increase the rate of parasite clearance, in Asia they are associated with a greater risk of anaemia during recovery.
- Published
- 2022
17. Treatment Adherence among HIV and TB Patients Using Single and Double Way Mobile Phone Text Messages: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
-
Kibu, Odette Dzemo, primary, Siysi, Vincent Verla, additional, Albert Legrand, Same Ekobo, additional, Asangbeng Tanue, Elvis, additional, and Nsagha, Dickson Shey, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Performance and Trends in Measles Case-Based Surveillance in the North West Region of Cameroon, 2009 to 2015
- Author
-
Nchandone, Wasu Chrispus, primary, Kalla, Ginette Claude Mireille, additional, Kongnyu, Njamnshi Alfred, additional, Albert, Same Ekobo, additional, and Clement, Assob Nguedia Jules, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Relationship between high rates of intestinal parasitic infections and knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Ndelele Health District populations (East Region, Cameroon): a cross-sectional mixed approach
- Author
-
Viviane Ongbassomben, Ericka Aminatou Lebon, Hugues Nana Djeunga, Cyrille Ndo, Dieudonné Adiogo, and Albert Same Ekobo
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Sanitation ,Transmission (medicine) ,Public health ,media_common.quotation_subject ,biology.organism_classification ,Geography ,Hygiene ,Environmental health ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Helminths ,Rural area ,Hookworm infection ,media_common - Abstract
BackgroundIntestinal parasitic infections remain of public health concern worldwide, especially among rural and poorest populations as a consequence of precariousness, lack of sanitation, non-availability of potable water and poor hygiene conditions. The present study aimed to better understand the epidemiology of intestinal parasitic infections in rural areas of forested Cameroon.MethodologyA cross-sectional survey was conducted in three Health Areas (Ndelele, Kentzou and Lolo) of the Ndelele Health District (East Region, Cameroon). Information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding intestinal parasitic infections were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and analyzed by the Kato-Katz and formalin-ether concentration techniques to complement simple direct examination.Principal FindingsA total of 406 individuals belonging to three main groups (Kako or Bantu, Baka or Pygmies and Central African Republic refugees) were enrolled in the study. The overall intestinal parasitic infection rate was 74.9%, including 57.2% cases of polyparasitism. Fourteen parasite species were identified, 89.1% being intestinal protozoa and 41.8% belonging to helminths. Infections with helminths were associated with Baka (P < 0.0001). Spring water consumption was associated with hookworm infection (OR = 3.87; P = 0.008). Garbage deposited near houses was positively associated with infection with Giardia lamblia (OR = 3.41; P = 0.003). Polyparasitism was positively linked to washing hand without soap before meal (OR= 11.64; p= 0.002).Conclusion/SignificanceIntestinal parasitic infections exhibited high rates in the Ndelele Health District, especially among indigenous and hard-to-reach populations (Pygmies). Hygiene measures appear as the main drivers sustaining transmission, and targeted strategies should be developed to efficiently fight against these debilitating diseases.Author summaryIntestinal parasitic infections such as soil transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis, remain a public health concern in Cameroon. To better understand the epidemiology of these infections in hard-to-reach populations in rural areas, a cross-sectional study was carried out in three health areas of Ndelele health District in the Eastern-Cameroon. The rate of intestinal parasitic infections was high (74.9%) especially in indigenous populations (Baka-Pygmies) which exhibited high prevalence of soil transmitted helminth infections (83.3%). The study confirmed that the lack of sanitation and poor hygiene largely contribute to the endemicity of intestinal parasitic infections, particularly among indigenous populations. Targeted control strategies seem mandatory to reach these populations and offer them appropriate care to interrupt or reduce the transmission of these diseases.
- Published
- 2021
20. Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) in Cameroon: A formative epidemiological and socioeconomic investigation in eleven rural fishing communities
- Author
-
Albert Legrand Same Ekobo, Ntsinda Tchoffo Marlene, J. Russell Stothard, Godlove Bunda Wepnje, Estelle Kouokam, Makia Christine Masong, Marie-Therese Mengue, Victoria Gamba, and Tappis, Hannah
- Subjects
Colposcopy ,Schistosoma haematobium ,wa_105 ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health economics ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,business.industry ,wj_100 ,Schistosomiasis ,wa_395 ,wc_810 ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Triage ,Epidemiology ,Medicine ,wa_309 ,business ,Socioeconomic status ,Psychosocial ,Demography - Abstract
Background Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) is most often caused by presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs lodged in the female reproductive tract which results in chronic fibrosis and scarring. In Cameroon, despite high community prevalences of urine-patent S. haematobium infections, FGS has yet to be studied in depth. To shed light on the clinical prevalence and socioeconomic effects of FGS, we undertook a formative community-based epidemiological and qualitative survey. Method A cross sectional multidisciplinary study of 304 girls and women from 11 remote rural fishing communities in Cameroon was undertaken using parasitological sampling, clinical colposcopy, and interviews. The lived experiences of those with FGS were documented using a process of ethnography with participant observation and in-depth interviews. Result Amongst 304 women and girls aged >5 years (Median age: 18; Interquartile range: 9.6–28), 198 females were eligible for FGS testing and 58 adult women were examined by clinical colposcopy. Of these, 34 were positive for FGS (proportion: 58.6%; 95% CI: 45.8–70.4), younger girls showing a higher FGS prevalence, and older women not shedding eggs showing a pattern for cervical lesions from earlier infection. In a subset of women with FGS selected purposively (12/58), in-depth interviews with participant observation revealed out-of-pocket expenditures of up to 500USD related health spending for repeated diagnosis and treatment of gynecological illnesses, and 9 hours daily lost reproductive labour. Psychosocial unrest, loss in social capital, and despair were linked with sub-fertility and persistent vaginal itch. Conclusion With our first formative evidence on prevalence, socioeconomic effects and experiences of FGS amongst women and girls in Cameroon, we have clarified to a new level of detail the deficit in provision of and access to peripheral health services in remote areas of Cameroon. Using this information, there is now strong evidence for national programs and services on women’s health and schistosomiasis to update and revise policies targeted on prevention and management of FGS. We therefore stress the need for regular provision of Praziquantel treatment to adolescent girls and women in S. haematobium endemic areas, alongside better access to tailored diagnostic services that can detect FGS and appropriately triage care at primary health level.
- Published
- 2021
21. Relationship between high rates of intestinal parasitic infections and knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Ndelele Health District populations (East Region, Cameroon): a cross-sectional mixed approach
- Author
-
Ongbassomben, Viviane, primary, Ndo, Cyrille, additional, Lebon, Ericka Aminatou, additional, Nana Djeunga, Hugues Clotaire, additional, Same Ekobo, Albert Legrand, additional, and Adiogo, Dieudonné, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Inmates of the New-bell Central Prison, Cameroon
- Author
-
Thomas Kuete, Albert Same Ekobo, Hugues Ghislain Mbwang, and Catherine Menengue Nguele
- Subjects
business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,Medicine ,Prison ,General Medicine ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) remain a public health issue in developing countries where overcrowded settlements and poor sanitation are general rule. Due to paucity of IPIs data in known overcrowded Cameroonian prisons, this cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 in the New-Bell Central Prison (NBCP) aimed to establish biodiversity, prevalence and risk factors of intestinal protozoan and helminthe infections among inmates. Fresh stool samples collected from the NBCP volunteered inmates were laboratory examined microscopically as fresh mounts plus iodine, Kato-Katz smears, formalin-ether concentration and modified Ziehl-Nelseen stained sediments. Of a total 374 inmates who participated in the study, overall IPIs prevalence was 39.3%. Helminthe and protozoa prevalence was 16.6% and 24.6% respectively. Parasites species were recorded at following prevalence: Ascaris lumbricoides (10.4%), Trichuris trichiura (5.1%), Schistosoma mansoni (0.5%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (14.2%), Entamoeba coli (16.6%), Giardia intestinalis (7.2%), Chilomastix mesnili (2.4%), Blastocystis spp (2.1%) and Cryptosporidium sp (4.3%). Co-infections by two or three parasites were recorded among parasitized inmates. Overall IPIs prevalence was not significantly influenced by gender, age, detention duration, education level, handwashing practices, sanitation and drinking water source. However, highest IPIs prevalence occurred in males aged 30 to 49 years old, less than one year detainees, latrine users and those who drank borehole water. Systematic handwashing practices and education level did not influence significantly IPIs prevalence. All helminthe infections were of light intensities. Inmates in the New Bell central prison were parasitized by several species of protozoa and intestinal worms in varying prevalence depending on the detention period, the sex, the age and hygiene. A regular IPIs control among prison inmates was recommended to the NBCP managers to prevent related morbidity.
- Published
- 2019
23. Hematological Profile and Risk Factors of Anemia in Pregnant Women: A Cross Sectional Descriptive and Analytical Study in Douala Cameroon
- Author
-
Esuh Esong Lucas, Claudia Melioge Ngalame, Essome Henri, Albert Same Ekobo, Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko, Mve Koh Valere, Penda Ida Calixte, and Tocki Toutou Grâce
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Anemia ,Obstetrics ,Complete blood count ,Blood volume ,Venous blood ,Hematocrit ,medicine.disease ,Medicine ,Hemoglobin ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
During pregnancy, the hematological system undergoes numerous changes so as to meet up with the demands of the developing fetus and placenta, with major alterations in blood volume and this differs with women from different regions. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the hematological parameters and risk factors for anemia among pregnant women according to different trimesters of pregnancy in Douala, Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2017, and all pregnant women who attended antenatal visits during our study period and who suited our inclusion criteria were recruited. The study was carried out in the antenatal care Unit of the Douala Laquintinie Hospital (DLH). A pretested questionnaire was used for the necessary data collection. Venous blood was collected from each of these women to perform a Complete Blood Count (CBC) test using an automated hematological analyzer (URIT 3010). Data were analyzed using XLSTAT 2007 and Stata version 11 software. Results: The mean age of the participants was 28 (SD = 5 years). The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 22% with a majority (18.4%) of these women being mildly anemic. Mean Hemoglobin values were significantly higher among women in first trimester compared to the third (12.1 ± 0.9 g/dl vs 11.8 ± 1.3 g/dl; p = 0.043). There was also a significant change in mean hematocrit (HCT) values between the first and second trimester (32.8% ± 2.5% vs 31.4% ± 2.9%, p = 0.004) and between the first and third trimester (32.8% ± 2.5% vs 30.8% ± 3.5%, p -4). RBC count value was higher in the first trimester than in the second trimester (3.7 ± 0.3 × 1012/L vs 3.5 ± 0.4 × 1012/L, p -4) and in the third trimester (3.7 ± 0.3 × 1012/L vs 3.5 ± 0.4 × 1012/L, p = 0.001). After a multivariate analysis, the following categories of women had more odds of developing anemia; women between the age range of 30 - 35 (OR = 2.81, 95%CI: 1.16 - 6.81, p = 0.023), women in the second trimester of pregnancy (OR = 2.20, 95%CI: 0.88 - 5.48, p = 0.024), women with blood group O (OR = 3.57, 95%CI: 1.41 - 16.66, p = 0.012). Conclusion: This study confirms significant variations in hematological parameters. The findings reinforce the need for supplementation and provide additional information on hematological reference values in pregnancy in Cameroon. It also helps us understand that, third trimester, age range 30 - 35, and blood group may be potential risk factors associated with anemia in pregnancy though a cohort study would be necessary to ascertain this hypothesis.
- Published
- 2019
24. Therapeutic efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine and the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-amodiaquine combination against uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in young children in Cameroon
- Author
-
Basco Leonardo K., Same-Ekobo Albert, Ngane Vincent Foumane, Ndounga Mathieu, Metoh Theresia, Ringwald Pascal, and Soula Georges
- Subjects
Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy ,Sulfadoxine/therapeutic use ,Sulfadoxine/administration and dosage ,Pyrimethamine/therapeutic use ,Pyrimethamine/administration and dosage ,Amodiaquine/therapeutic use ,Amodiaquine/administration and dosage ,Drug combinations/pharmacology ,Drug resistance ,Treatment outcome ,Cameroon ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine, and the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-amodiaquine combination for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in young children in Cameroon. METHODS: In a randomized study we evaluated the effectiveness and tolerance of (i) sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) (25 mg/kg body weight of sulfadoxine and 1.25 mg/kg of pyrimethamine in a single oral dose), (ii) amodiaquine (AQ) (30 mg/kg body weight in three divided daily doses), and (iii) the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-amodiaquine combination (SP+AQ) (same doses as in the other two treatment groups, given simultaneously on day 0) in young children in southern Cameroon. The parasitological and clinical responses were studied until day 28 in accordance with the modified 1996 WHO protocol for the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drugs. FINDINGS: Of 191 enrolled patients, 6 and 8 were excluded or lost to follow-up before day 14 and between day 14 and day 28, respectively. For the AQ-treated patients, parasitological and clinical evaluation on day 14 showed late treatment failure in 2 of 61 (3.3%) and adequate clinical response with parasitological failure in one (1.6%). There was an adequate clinical response in all patients treated with SP or SP+AQ. Therapeutic failure rates on day 28 were 13.6%, 10.2% and 0% in the SP, AQ, and SP+AQ groups, respectively. Anaemia improved in all three regimens. AQ produced faster fever clearance but was associated with more transient minor side-effects than SP. SP+AQ reduced the risk of recrudescence between day 14 and day 28 but increased the incidence of minor side-effects. CONCLUSION: SP+AQ can be recommended as a temporary means of slowing the spread of multidrug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Africa while the introduction of other combinations, including artemisinin derivatives, is awaited.
- Published
- 2002
25. Impaired T-cell-dependent protection against Leishmania major infection in HIV-positive patients is associated with worsened disease outcome
- Author
-
Ngouateu, Omer Bébé, Weller, Karsten, Bröhl, Konrad, Kamtchouing, Pierre, Same-Ekobo, Albert, Dondji, Blaise, Maurer, Marcus, and von Stebut, Esther
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Ownership and Utilisation of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tiko Health District, Southwest Region, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
- Author
-
Frederick Nchang Cho, Albert Same Ekobo, Paulette Ngum Fru, Andrew N. Tassang, Celestina Neh Fru, and Peter Nde Fon
- Subjects
Long lasting ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sanitation ,Article Subject ,Cross-sectional study ,030231 tropical medicine ,Distribution (economics) ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Appropriate use ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business.industry ,Public health ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,Respondent ,Parasitology ,business ,Malaria ,Research Article - Abstract
Introduction. Malaria is and remains a serious health concern in Africa. In Cameroon, where malaria is endemic and a major public health problem, the major control measure put in place is the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). In the Tiko Health District (THD), the challenges have been to assess and to evaluate the ownership and utilisation of LLINs. This study sought to assess the ownership and utilisation rates of LLINs in the THD. Methodology. A cross-sectional survey involving 418 households was conducted in four health areas in the THD. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on LLIN ownership and utilisation as well as sociodemographic characteristics. Results. The ownership of at least one LLIN per household, coverage, and accessibility were, respectively, 89%, 56.2%, and 66.3%, while installing LLINs on all beds in the household, sleeping under LLINs the previous night (SULPN), and universal utilisation were 72%, 24.9%, and 14.1%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with the ownership of at least one LLIN per household were respondent’s age and gender. Heat (21.1%) and forgetfulness (6.5%) were the main reasons postulated for irregular utilisation of LLINs. Conclusion. The ownership LLINs failed to guarantee utilisation and definitely effective control of malaria in the THD, as expected. Continuous and appropriate use of LLINs is indispensable, in addition to periodic sanitation, booster campaigns of LLIN distribution, and evaluation research for effective prevention and control of malaria.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Preventing HIV-1 Transmission in Breastfed Infants in Low Resource Settings: Early HIV Infection and Late Postnatal Transmission in a Routine Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Program in Yaounde, Cameroon
- Author
-
Njom Nlend, Anne Esther, Same Ekobo, Chantal, Bagfegue Ekani, Bernadette, Epée Ngoue, Jeannette, Tetang Ndiang, Suzie, Tchinde Toussi, Fabrice, Wamba, Guillaume, and Ekoe, Tetanye
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. One-Way and Two-Way Mobile Phone Text Messages for Treatment Adherence Among Patients With HIV: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
-
Vincent Verla Siysi, Same Ekobo, Thomas Obinchemti Egbe, Dickson Shey Nsagha, and Odette Dzemo Kibu
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Short Message Service ,020205 medical informatics ,antiretroviral therapy ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,Psychological intervention ,R858-859.7 ,02 engineering and technology ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,short message service ,Intervention (counseling) ,Protocol ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,adherence ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public health ,HIV ,General Medicine ,Focus group ,Family medicine ,Medicine ,0305 other medical science ,business ,HIV drug resistance - Abstract
Background Incomplete adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is one of the factors that contribute to HIV drug resistance, and it is a major problem for the public health system in controlling the HIV pandemic. There is emerging evidence that SMS can play an important role in health care delivery among patients with HIV on ART, especially in resource-limited settings. Objective This paper aims to assess the impact of two-way and one-way SMS text messaging on adherence to HIV treatment. We hypothesized that sending weekly text messages through the one-way and two-way SMS text messaging approach will improve adherence to ART among patients with HIV and improve associated clinical outcomes (quality of life). Methods A randomized controlled trial is being carried out among participants with HIV who have been on ART for at least one month from an accredited treatment center, namely the Buea Regional Hospital and Kumba District Hospital of South West Region, Cameroon. Participants with HIV, both male and female, aged 21 years and older make up a sample size of 207. The interventions involved the use of mobile phone text messages. Before commencing the intervention, a focus group discussion was carried out among the participants to understand their perception about the use of SMS-based interventions to improve adherence. A total of 246 participants were randomized to receive either a one-way text message (SMS sent to a recipient without recipient sending a reply) or two-way text message (SMS sent to a recipient and recipient sends a reply) or the control (no SMS, only standard care). Data on adherence and quality of life were collected at baseline and after 6 months and will be analyzed using SPSS version 21, while qualitative data will be analyzed using Atlas.ti 7.5. Results Data collection began in September 2019 with focus group discussions and baseline data collection. After 1 month of baseline data collection, the intervention began in October 2019, and postintervention data were collected after 6 months (March 2020). At the end of the study, we will be able to understand the perception of patients toward SMS text messaging–based interventions and also assess the impact of one-way and two-way SMS text messages on treatment adherence among patients with HIV and on associated clinical outcomes (quality of life). Conclusions The impact of SMS text messaging varies across different settings. The results from this study will determine the perception of patients toward an SMS text messaging–based intervention and its impact on adherence to ART. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/16127
- Published
- 2020
29. Review of malaria situation in Cameroon: technical viewpoint on challenges and prospects for disease elimination
- Author
-
Parfait Awono-Ambene, Flobert Njiokou, Charles S. Wondji, Albert Same Ekobo, Jude D. Bigoga, Cyrille Ndo, Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio, and Josiane Etang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Plasmodium ,Mosquito Control ,Insecticide resistance ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,Prevalence ,wa_395 ,Mosquito Vectors ,Review ,wc_765 ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Anopheles ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Cameroon ,Artemisinin ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Quinine ,biology ,Mefloquine ,Plasmodium falciparum ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Vector control ,wc_750 ,Malaria ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Drug resistance ,Parasitology ,Public Health ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Malaria still has a devastating impact on public health and welfare in Cameroon. Despite the increasing number of studies conducted on disease prevalence, transmission patterns or treatment, there are to date, not enough studies summarising findings from previous works in order to identify gaps in knowledge and areas of interest where further evidence is needed to drive malaria elimination efforts. The present study seeks to address these gaps by providing a review of studies conducted so far on malaria in Cameroon since the 1940s to date. Over 250 scientific publications were consulted for this purpose. Although there has been increased scale-up of vector control interventions which significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality to malaria across the country from a prevalence of 41% of the population reporting at least one malaria case episode in 2000 to a prevalence of 24% in 2017, the situation is not yet under control. There is a high variability in disease endemicity between epidemiological settings with prevalence of Plasmodium parasitaemia varying from 7 to 85% in children aged 6 months to 15 years after long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) scale-up. Four species of Plasmodium have been recorded across the country: Plasmodium falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. vivax. Several primate-infecting Plasmodium spp. are also circulating in Cameroon. A decline of artemisinin-based combinations therapeutic efficacy from 97% in 2006 to 90% in 2016 have been reported. Several mutations in the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance (Pfcrt) and P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (Pfmdr1) genes conferring resistance to either 4-amino-quinoleine, mefloquine, halofanthrine and quinine have been documented. Mutations in the Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes involved in sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine are also on the rise. No mutation associated with artemisinin resistance has been recorded. Sixteen anopheline species contribute to malaria parasite transmission with six recognized as major vectors: An. gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis, An. funestus, An. nili and An. moucheti. Studies conducted so far, indicated rapid expansion of DDT, pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in An. gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis and An. funestus threatening the performance of LLINs. This review highlights the complex situation of malaria in Cameroon and the need to urgently implement and reinforce integrated control strategies in different epidemiological settings, as part of the substantial efforts to consolidate gains and advance towards malaria elimination in the country.
- Published
- 2019
30. International partners in the Global Fund coordination mechanism in Cameroon: reconfigurations based on instrumentalized governance (eng)
- Author
-
SAME EKOBO, Muriel and ABDOULKADRI
- Abstract
The formalization of Cameroon's health policy has been largely prescribed by international institutions for several decades. Emblematic of the era of governance and partnership in countries with limited resources (Guilbaud, 2015), it places the public sector in a paradoxical situation, where the State called upon to stimulate, lead and supervise public action must develop balanced relations with its partners. Between this partnership dynamic that governs the State (Eboko, 2015) and the proces...
- Published
- 2019
31. Les partenaires internationaux dans l’instance de coordination du Fonds Mondial au Cameroun : des reconfigurations à l’aune d’une gouvernance instrumentalisée
- Author
-
SAME EKOBO, Muriel and ABDOULKADRI
- Abstract
La formalisation de la politique de santé du Cameroun est en grande partie prescrite par les institutions internationales depuis plusieurs décennies. Emblématique de l’ère de la gouvernance et du partenariat dans les pays à ressources limitées (Guilbaud, 2015), elle place le secteur public dans une situation paradoxale, où l’Etat appelé à impulser, animer, encadrer l’action publique, doit aménager des relations équilibrées avec ses partenaires. Entre cette dynamique partenariale qui encadre l...
- Published
- 2019
32. Pathogenicity and non-opportunistic character of Blastocystis spp.: a hospital-based survey in Central Cameroon
- Author
-
Samuel Fosso, Gideon Ajeagah-Aghaindum, Stéphanie Jupsa-Mbiandou, Albert Same-Ekobo, Hugues C. Nana-Djeunga, Edimo Bille, Flobert Njiokou, and Tito T Mélachio-Tanekou
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Blastocystis ,biology ,business.industry ,030106 microbiology ,Significant difference ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,Hospital based ,biology.organism_classification ,Pathogenicity ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Virology ,Internal medicine ,Digestive disorder ,medicine ,Protozoa ,Parasitology ,Hiv status ,medicine.symptom ,Flatulence ,business - Abstract
Introduction: Blastocystis spp. is a protist found in humans. Although usually the most frequent protozoa found in stool samples of both symptomatic and healthy subjects, its pathogenic or rather opportunistic role is yet to be clearly elucidated. To attempt to fill this gap, a cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the frequency of Blastocystis spp. in HIV positive (HIV+) versus HIV negative (HIV-) individuals in four health facilities of the Center Region of Cameroon. Methodology: Stool samples were collected from 283 HIV positive and 245 HIV negative subjects and analyzed using direct diagnostic tests. Results: A total of 46 (8.7%) individuals were found infected with Blastocystis spp., including 6.7% HIV positive and 11.0% HIV negative. This species was more frequent in urban and semi-urban areas than in rural areas, but evenly distributed among genders and age groups as well as among all sectors of activity. The prevalence of Blastocystis spp. (11.3%) was higher in HIV+ patients with a CD4 count ≥ 500 cells / mm3, but no significant difference was found among HIV clinical stages. Likewise prevalence, the mean number of cysts per gram of stool was similar between HIV positive and HIV negative individuals. People infected with Blastocystis spp. showed diverse clinical signs, but only flatulence was significantly more prevalent. The frequencies of these clinical signs were not related to HIV status. Conclusion: No clear relationship links the infection with Blastocystis spp. to HIV, although its presence was associated with digestive disorder, suggesting that this parasite might not be opportunist.
- Published
- 2018
33. A preliminary test of the protective efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets in an area of Anopheles gambiae metabolic resistance to pyrethroids in north Cameroon
- Author
-
Etang, Josiane, Chouaibou, Mouhamadou, Toto, Jean-Claude, Faye, Ousmane, Manga, Lucien, Samè-Ekobo, Albert, Awono-Ambene, Parfait, and Simard, Frédéric
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Virological profile of pregnant HIV positive women with high levels of CD4 count in low income settings: Can viral load help as eligibility criteria for maternal triple ARV prophylaxis (WHO 2010 option B)?
- Author
-
Anne Esther Njom Nlend, Chantal Same Ekobo, Suzie Tetang Ndiang Moyo, Gisele Chewa Nguetcheng, Peter Ngang, Sidonie Lyeb, Luc Meka, and Martin Baane
- Subjects
Pregnant women ,HIV positive ,viral load ,CV4 ,low income ,virology profile ,ARV ,Cameroon ,Medicine - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The objective of the study was to determine HIV-1 RNA load profile during pregnancy and assess the eligibility for the maternal triple antiretroviral prophylaxis. It was an observational cohort of pregnant HIV positive women ignorant of antiretroviral therapy with CD4 cell count of > 350/mm3. METHODS:Routine CD4 cell count assessment in HIV positive pregnant women completed by non exclusive measurement of the viral load by PCR /ARN in those with CD4 cell count > 350/mm3. Exclusion criteria: highly active antiretroviral therapy prior to pregnancy. RESULTS:Between January and December 2010, CD4 cell count was systematically performed in all pregnant women diagnosed as HIV-infected (n=266) in a referral center of 25 antenatal clinics. 63% (N=170) had CD4 cell count > 350/mm3, median: 528 (IQR: 421-625). 145 underwent measurement of viral load by PCR/RNA at a median gestational of 23 weeks of pregnancy (IQR: 19-28). Median viral load 4.4log10/ml, IQR (3.5-4.9).19/145(13%) had an undetectable viral load of=1.8log10/ml. 89/145(61%) had a viral load of = 4 log10/ml and were eligible for maternal triple ARV prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: More than 6 in 10 pregnant HIV positive women with CD4 cell count of > 350/mm3 may require triple antiretroviral for prophylaxis of MTCT. Regardless of cost, such results are conclusive and may be considered in HIV high burden countries for universal access to triple antiretroviral prophylaxis in order to move towards virtual elimination of HIV MTCT.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Effectiveness of multidrug antiretroviral regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in routine public health services in Cameroon.
- Author
-
Patrice Tchendjou, Chantal Same-Ekobo, Annie Nga, Mathurin Tejiokem, Anfumbom Kfutwah, Anne Njom Nlend, Landry Tsague, Anne Cécile Bissek, Daniel Ekoa, Joanna Orne-Gliemann, Dominique Rousset, Régis Pouillot, and François Dabis
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Multidrug antiretroviral (ARV) regimens including HAART and short-course dual antiretroviral (sc-dARV) regimens were introduced in 2004 to improve Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) in Cameroon. We assessed the effectiveness of these regimens from 6-10 weeks and 12 months of age, respectively. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study covering the period from October 2004 to March 2008 in a reference hospital in Cameroon. HIV-positive pregnant women with CD4 < or = 350 cells/mm(3) received first-line HAART [regimen 1] while the others received ARV prophylaxis including sc-dARV or single dose nevirapine (sd-NVP). Sc-dARV included at least two drugs according to different gestational ages: zidovudine (ZDV) from 28-32 weeks plus sd-NVP [regimen 2], ZDV and lamuvidine (3TC) from 33-36 weeks plus sd-NVP [regimen 3]. When gestational age was > or = 37 weeks, women received sd-NVP during labour [regimen 4]. Infants received sd-NVP plus ZDV and 3TC for 7 days or 30 days. Early diagnosis (6-10 weeks) was done, using b-DNA and subsequently RT-PCR. We determined early MTCT rate and associated risk factors using logistic regression. The 12-month HIV-free survival was assessed using Cox regression. Among 418 mothers, 335 (80%) received multidrug ARV regimens (1, 2, and 3) and MTCT rate with multidrug regimens was 6.6% [95%CI: 4.3-9.6] at 6 weeks, without any significant difference between regimens. Duration of mother's ARV regimen < 4 weeks [OR = 4.7, 95%CI: 1.3-17.6], mother's CD4 < 350 cells/mm(3) [OR = 6.4, 95%CI: 1.8-22.5] and low birth weight [OR = 4.0, 95%CI: 1.4-11.3] were associated with early MTCT. By 12 months, mixed feeding [HR = 8.7, 95%CI: 3.6-20.6], prematurity [HR = 2.3, 95%CI: 1.2-4.3] and low birth weight were associated with children's risk of progressing to infection or death. CONCLUSIONS: Multidrug ARV regimens for PMTCT are feasible and effective in routine reference hospital. Early initiation of ARV during pregnancy and proper obstetrical care are essential to improve PMTCT.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Perinatal transmission of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in children born to HIV positive and negative women in Cameroon
- Author
-
Leruez-Ville Marianne, Rouzioux Christine, Same-Ekobo Chantal, Guemkam Georgette, Ndongo Jean, Rekacewicz Claire, Ateba Francis, Warszawski Josiane, Blanche Stephane, Yonga Martial, Faye Albert, Tejiokem Mathurin, Kfutwah Anfumbom, Boisier Pascal, and Rousset Dominique
- Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Early Outcomes of HIV Exposed Children in the First District-wide Programme using Extended Regimens for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, in Yaounde, Cameroon
- Author
-
Njom Nlend, Anne Esther, Same Ekobo, Chantal, Bitoungui, Mboua, Junior, Bagfegue Ekani, Bernadette, Tchokoteu, Pierre, Lyeb, Sidonie, Chewa, Gisele, Ndiang Tetang Moyo, Suzie, and Tchendjou Takam, Patrice
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Asymptomatic carriage of malaria parasites in blood donors in Yaoundé
- Author
-
Noubouossie, D., Tagny, C. T., Same-Ekobo, A., and Mbanya, D.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. One-Way and Two-Way Mobile Phone Text Messages for Treatment Adherence Among Patients With HIV: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
- Author
-
Dickson Shey Nsagha, Vincent Verla Siysi, Same Ekobo, Thomas Obinchemti Egbe, and Odette Dzemo Kibu
- Abstract
BACKGROUND Incomplete adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is one of the factors that contribute to HIV drug resistance, and it is a major problem for the public health system in controlling the HIV pandemic. There is emerging evidence that SMS can play an important role in health care delivery among patients with HIV on ART, especially in resource-limited settings. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to assess the impact of two-way and one-way SMS text messaging on adherence to HIV treatment. We hypothesized that sending weekly text messages through the one-way and two-way SMS text messaging approach will improve adherence to ART among patients with HIV and improve associated clinical outcomes (quality of life). METHODS A randomized controlled trial is being carried out among participants with HIV who have been on ART for at least one month from an accredited treatment center, namely the Buea Regional Hospital and Kumba District Hospital of South West Region, Cameroon. Participants with HIV, both male and female, aged 21 years and older make up a sample size of 207. The interventions involved the use of mobile phone text messages. Before commencing the intervention, a focus group discussion was carried out among the participants to understand their perception about the use of SMS-based interventions to improve adherence. A total of 246 participants were randomized to receive either a one-way text message (SMS sent to a recipient without recipient sending a reply) or two-way text message (SMS sent to a recipient and recipient sends a reply) or the control (no SMS, only standard care). Data on adherence and quality of life were collected at baseline and after 6 months and will be analyzed using SPSS version 21, while qualitative data will be analyzed using Atlas.ti 7.5. RESULTS Data collection began in September 2019 with focus group discussions and baseline data collection. After 1 month of baseline data collection, the intervention began in October 2019, and postintervention data were collected after 6 months (March 2020). At the end of the study, we will be able to understand the perception of patients toward SMS text messaging–based interventions and also assess the impact of one-way and two-way SMS text messages on treatment adherence among patients with HIV and on associated clinical outcomes (quality of life). CONCLUSIONS The impact of SMS text messaging varies across different settings. The results from this study will determine the perception of patients toward an SMS text messaging–based intervention and its impact on adherence to ART. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/16127
- Published
- 2019
40. Recommendations On The Fight Against Nosocomial Infections Compliance In Health Facilities Of Yaounde (Cameroon)
- Author
-
William Abange Baiye, Arthur Essomba, Elias Nchiwan Nukenine, Albert Same Ekobo, Hortense Gonsu Kamga, Georgette Ndongo Ekanga, and Godswill Ntsomboh-Ntsefong
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Water supply ,Developing country ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,01 natural sciences ,Checklist ,0104 chemical sciences ,Test (assessment) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Promotion (rank) ,Health facility ,Environmental health ,Infection control ,Medicine ,business ,health care economics and organizations ,Accreditation ,media_common - Abstract
Background: Nosocomial infection’s (NIs) data are scarce in developing countries. In some of these countries, national guidelines for its prevention by health facilities have introduced surveillance recommendations including Infection Control Assessment Tool (ICAT). The aim of our study was to evaluate the compliance levels of NIs recommendations. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study from September to December 2018 in 10 health facilities in Yaounde. A checklist with two modules from the ICAT (Health Facility information and Infection Control Program) was used to determine the degree of compliance towards the recommendations by performing interviews, observations and consultation of documents. Results: Sixty (60) % of health facilities are aware of the national guidelines and regulation on the fight against NIs but only 30% have adopted them. Accreditation standards applicable to health facilities are not known by any of the health facilities. The recommendations concerning demographic characteristics, water supply and the general characteristics on rooms were generally respected (more than 50%) in 90% of the health facilities. 100% of health facilities had less than fifty (50)% compliance level for the fight against NIs recommendations with compliance levels below 15% for 50% of them. This worst compliance (less than 15%) was especially observed with recommended practices concerning responsibilities and authorities (40% of health facilities), functionality of infection and control committees (50% of health facilities), key personnel responsible for fight against NIs (30% of health facilities) and study of outbreaks and surveillance of NIs (100% of health facilities). Training programs on fight against NIs had better scores (30% of health facilities with more than 50% of compliance levels). The Fischer test shows that there is a significant relationship between the compliance with all these recommended practices and the health facility capacity (P= 0, 0476) . Conclusion: NIs control programs in Yaounde health facilities are insufficient. Awareness, training, promotion and follow-up actions are necessary for the understanding and adoption of recommendations on the monitoring of NIs.
- Published
- 2019
41. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Relation to the HIV Status of Patients Attending the Care Units in Three Divisions in the Centre Region of Cameroon
- Author
-
Flobert Njiokou, Hugues Nana Djeunga, Albert Same Ekobo, Armand Beleck Matoh, Samuel Fosso, Stephanie Jupsa Mbiandou, and Edimo Bille
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Blastocystis ,biology ,business.industry ,Dispar ,030106 microbiology ,030231 tropical medicine ,Entamoeba coli ,Cryptosporidium ,biology.organism_classification ,Isospora ,03 medical and health sciences ,Entamoeba histolytica ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,parasitic diseases ,Immunology ,Medicine ,Pentatrichomonas hominis ,business - Abstract
Background: Depression of the immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promotes the onset of opportunistic infections including intestinal parasites. Objectives: In this study, we are comparing the prevalence of these parasitic infections among individuals infected with HIV (HIV+) and non-infected (HIV-) enrolled in four HIV care units in the Centre Region of Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and stool samples were collected from 283 HIV positive subjects and 245 seronegative subjects. These samples were processed using direct wet mount, formol-ether concentration, Kato-Katz procedure, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and Baermann techniques to identify both common and opportunistic intestinal parasites. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between HIV infection and socio-demographics factors as well as infection with intestinal parasites. Results: A total of 123 (23.4%) individuals were found infected with at least one protozoan parasite species, and nine (1.7%) with intestinal worms. Overall, infection rates were 27.9% and 22.4% among HIV+ and HIV- subjects, respectively. The frequencies of Cryptosporidium spp. and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar were significantly more important among HIV+ subjects (P < 0.0455). Pentatrichomonas hominis and Entamoeba coli were significantly more prevalent among HIV- subjects (P < 0.0210). Heterogeneity was observed in the distribution of intestinal parasites, according to socio-demographic parameters. In addition, Cryptosporidium spp. was significantly associated with the decrease in CD4 cell count (P = 0.0035). The frequencies of infections with Cryptosporidium spp., Isospora belli, and Iodamoeba buetschlii were significantly more important in HIV positive patients not taking antiretroviral (P < 0.0226). Conclusions: Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, and Blastocystis spp. were the intestinal pathogens more often found among HIV infected individuals. HIV positive subjects were significantly more infected with intestinal parasites than seronegatives in intermediate and rural settings, among individuals aged more than 45 years and among unemployed individuals.
- Published
- 2019
42. IgM and IgG Antibody Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay Profile Detected Using Adult Schistosoma guineensis Extract In Sera from Cameroonian Infected by Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma guineensis
- Author
-
Gabriel Lando, Albert Same-Ekobo, Tazoacha Asonganyi, Thomas Kuete, and Flobert Njiokou
- Subjects
Schistosoma haematobium ,Antibody titer ,Schistosomiasis ,Biology ,S.Guineensis ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Infections ,S.Mansoni ,Titer ,S.Haematobium ,Antigen ,Sera ,Optical Densities ,Immunology ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,biology.protein ,ELISA ,Schistosoma mansoni ,Cameroon ,Antibody ,Schistosoma - Abstract
Schistosomiasis is endemic in Cameroon with three Schistosoma species infecting human in many areas. Data from many countries endemic for S.mansoni, S.haematobium and S.japonicum reported an age-dependent antibody response profile using homologous adult schistosome antigen extract. Less is known about the antibody profile in schistosomiasis endemic areas in Cameroon. This study aimed to assess the IgM and IgG antibody profiles using adult S.guineensis extract in immune sera from Schistosoma egg positive Cameroonians from intestinal or urinary schistosomiasis endemic areas. Whole adult S.guineensis antigen was extracted from a Cameroonian S.guineensis strain maintained in laboratory. The antigen extract was a supernatant obtained after centrifugation of grinded freeze-thawed 45 days old worms in enzyme inhibitor solution. Sera were obtained from residents of schistosomiasis endemic areas with microscopically confirmed monospecific infection by S.guineensis, S.mansoni or S.haematobium and Schistosoma free control sera from non endemic area. IgM and IgG antibody titers detection was proceeded by indirect ELISA using HRP-conjugated secondary IgM or IgG antibody. Optical densities (OD) were recorded with a spectrophotometer plate reader at 495 nm and mean OD were statistically analyzed according to age using Student t-test and egg load using ANOVA test. A total of 189 sera were tested. Sera from S.haematobium, S.mansoni and S.guineensis infections represented 68, 73 and 46 respectively. Of S.mansoni infection sera, 31 were collected at Lagdo and 42 in S.mansoni monospecific focus. Age had no significant influence on mean IgM and IgG antibodies OD although mean IgM and IgG changed with age. Mean IgG antibody increased with age in the three schistosomiasis sera. According to age, mean IgM decreased in S.guineensis infections sera, decreased from young to participants aged 15 to 24 years then increased in older in schistosomiasis mansoni sera. In schistosomiasis haematobium sera, mean IgM increased from young to participants aged 15 to 24 years then decreased in older. Egg load influenced significantly mean IgM and IgG titers. Mean IgM OD decreased with egg load in each of the schistosomiasis whereas mean IgG decreased in intestinal schistosomiasis sera. Mean IgM and IgG antibody titers detected with adult S.guineensis extract using ELISA technique in either intestinal or urinary schistosomiasis endemic areas in Cameroon were not age dependent but egg load depended on egg load in urine and stool samples. Diagnostic performance of the adult S.guineensis extract in antibody detection has been tested.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V82019042038 AND DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijSci.2038
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Analysis of dose regimens efficacy of Dihydroartemisine-piperaquine in adults and children suffering from acute malaria in Cameroon
- Author
-
A. L. Same Ekobo, T. Kuété, T. Nkoa, and R. ngono Abondo
- Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The (direct) cost-efficacy of managing severe malaria in children aged 6–59 months following the WHO guidelines in two district hospitals in Cameroon
- Author
-
Forlack, E. A., Abena Obama, M. T., Owono, M. Beyeme, Manga, E., Same-Ekobo, A., Mekongo, M. Ondoa, Tietche, F., and Minkoulou, E. M.
- Published
- 2003
45. Presentation on admission of WHO-defined severe malaria in children aged 6–59 months in two district hospitals
- Author
-
Forlack, A. E., Abena Obama, M. T., Owono, M. Beyeme, Manga, E., Same-Ekobo, A., Mekongo, M. Ondoa, Tietche, F., and Minkoulou, E. M.
- Published
- 2003
46. Evolution and outcome on case management of severe malaria following the current WHO guidelines in children in two district hospitals in Cameroon
- Author
-
Forlack, A. E., Abena Obama, M. T., Owono, M. Beyeme, Manga, E., Same-Ekobo, A., Mekongo, M. Ondoa, Tietche, F., and Minkoulou, E. M.
- Published
- 2003
47. Pattern of Uncomplicated Malaria Treatment and Antimalarial Prescription Practices among Health Workers in the Littoral Region of Cameroon: An Assessment of Ten Years Post-Malaria Treatment Policy Change
- Author
-
Albert Same Ekobo, Patrice Cordier Gougue Chamabe, Jacques Yinyang, Thomas Kuete, Emmanuel Essono Mvoa, Emmanuel Mpondo Mpondo, and Aurelien Epanya Priso
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Mild malaria ,Adult patients ,business.industry ,030231 tropical medicine ,Alternative medicine ,Pharmacy ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease ,Uncomplicated malaria ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Family medicine ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Medical prescription ,business ,Laboratory technicians ,Malaria - Abstract
Following highly prevalent Plasmodium resistant strains to antimalarial monotherapies in malaria endemic countries, uncomplicated malaria treatment policy changed to artemisinine-based combination therapies (ACTs). After adoption of this new treatment policy in a country, sufficient care is needed to be taken to prevent occurrence of resistance to the latest drugs. As Cameroon shifted to ACT in 2004, this study aimed to assess knowledge and practices of health workers in government health facilities of the Littoral region regarding mild malaria management in health facilities as well as according to prescription qualities of ACTs in leaflets received in pharmacies. A total of 66 physicians and 16 nurses were questioned in 10 health facilities and 503 medical leaflets with ACTs prescriptions were viewed in 17 pharmacies. All medical workers questioned correctly were defined mild malaria and were aware of the antimalarial policy change in Cameroon. Overall ACTs prescription for mild malaria management in children and adult patients was 72.2% and 87.8% respectively. An important proportion of health workers prescribed antimalarial monotherapies and non recommended antimalarial for uncomplicated malaria treatment. 31.7% of participants did not systematically recommend laboratory diagnostic test before antimalarial prescription. Of leaflets viewed in pharmacies, ACTs were prescribed by physicians, nurses and laboratory technicians. Age was the only criteria for ACTs prescription. Appropriate ACTs quality prescription ranged between 81.2% and 94.4%. Of the ACTs prescribed, blisters had the highest (92.9%) appropriate quality prescription and solutions the lowest (83.3%). According to qualification of prescribers, physicians had the highest score (93.1%) of appropriate quality prescription and laboratory technicians the lowest score (28.1%). For all ACTs containing medical leaflets, concomitant medications were recorded namely antipyretic (73.9%), antibiotic (21.9%), non steroid anti-inflammatory (19.9%) or vitamins (18.1%). Data gathered indicated that although health workers were aware of uncomplicated malaria treatment policy change in Cameroon, mild malaria mismanagement was prevailing in health facilities of the Littoral region and ACTs quality prescription in medical leaflets was not optimal. Therefore, awareness is still needed among prescribers in order to prevent or at least slow the occurrence of Plasmodium resistant strains to ACTs in Cameroon.
- Published
- 2016
48. Multicentre study evaluating the non-inferiority of the new paediatric formulation of artesunate/amodiaquine versus artemether/lumefantrine for the management of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Senegal
- Author
-
Faye Babacar, Kuété Thomas, Kiki-Barro Christiane P, Tine Roger C, Nkoa Thérèse, Ndiaye Jean Louis A, Kakpo Claude A, Sylla Khadime, Menan Hervé EI, Gaye Oumar, Faye Oumar, Same-Ekobo Albert, and Moussa Koné
- Subjects
Malaria ,Children ,Artesunate plus Amodiaquine ,West Africa ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background This multicentre study was carried out in Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Senegal to evaluate the non-inferiority of the new paediatric formulation of artesunate/amodiaquine (AS+AQ)(Camoquin-Plus Paediatric®) in suspension form versus artemether/lumefantrine (AL)(Coartem®) in the management of African children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Methods It was an open randomized trial including children aged between 7 months and 7 years. The endpoints were Adequate Clinical and Parasitological Response (ACPR) at day 28, the clinical and biological tolerability. Statistical analyses were done in Intention To Treat (ITT) and in Per protocol (PP). Results At the end of the study 481 patients were enrolled in the three countries (249 in the AS+AQ arm and 232 in the AL arm). ACRP in ITT after PCR correction did not show any statistical difference between the two groups with 97.6% for AS+AQ versus 94.8% for AL. In the PP analysis, the corrected ACRP were respectively 98.7% and 96.9% for the two regimens. The clinical tolerance was good without significant difference. Anaemia was significantly higher at D7 in the two groups compared to D0. Conclusion This study demonstrates the non-inferiority of AS+AQ versus AL, its efficacy and tolerance in the management of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in African children.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Recommendations On The Fight Against Nosocomial Infections Compliance In Health Facilities Of Yaounde (Cameroon)
- Author
-
Ekanga, Georgette Ndongo, primary, Gonsu Kamga, Hortense, additional, Same Ekobo, Albert, additional, Baiye, William, additional, Ntsomboh-Ntsefong, Godswill, additional, Essomba, Arthur, additional, and Nukenine, Elias, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Relation to the HIV Status of Patients Attending the Care Units in Three Divisions in the Centre Region of Cameroon
- Author
-
Jupsa Mbiandou, Stephanie, primary, Fosso, Samuel, additional, Bille, Edimo, additional, Beleck Matoh, Armand, additional, Nana Djeunga, Hugues, additional, Same Ekobo, Albert, additional, and Njiokou, Flobert, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.