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The dualistic model of passion has been linked to several psychological constructs related to well-being in runners. Evidence suggests that investigating the interaction of passion subtypes might increase our understanding of the relationship between passion and indices of well-being. This study used both person- and variable-centered analyses to investigate the relationship between passion, multidimensional well-being, and psychological distress in 219 adult marathon runners. We performed a canonical correlation multivariate analysis to determine the relationship between passion types and psychological outcomes, as well as a multivariate analysis of variance to compare passion sub-types to indices of well-being. Results indicated that harmonious passion was significantly and positively related to multidimensional well-being and negatively related to psychological distress, while obsessive passion was significantly and positively related to psychological distress. Minor differences in well-being and distress between passion subtype clusters were also noted. A discussion of these findings includes the potential benefit of considering the harmonious and obsessive passion subtype interaction when examining these measures of well-being in marathon runners. Keywords: passion; well-being; cluster analysis; marathon running; psychological distress, Many anecdotes exist that suggest following one's passion will reap benefits and improve a person's quality of life. This idea that passion is associated with positive outcomes has become more [...]

Social physique anxiety is commonly examined in exercise science to understand individuals' physical activity motivation and behavior. Although a 12-item and 9-item version of the Social Physique Anxiety Scale exists, a 7-item version has become a popular tool to measure this construct despite the need to further examine its measurement properties. The current study examined the factor structure of the 7-item scale and measurement invariance across age, gender, body mass index, typical exercise mode, and education level. Similar to past work, confirmatory factor analysis model modifications were needed to achieve adequate fit in our large sample of physically active men and women (N = 1009; M age = 28.6 ± 10.6 years). Multi-group latent analysis revealed measurement invariance only for the education level grouping variable. Researchers should examine and report the measurement model of the 7-item scale along with measurement invariance before proceeding with main analyses.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if attending a face-to-face midterm exam review with the instructor predicts final exam performance in an Anatomy and Physiology I course. Students were invited to attend office hours in small groups to review their midterm exams. Multiple linear regression was used to test whether attendance at an exam review appointment, midterm exam score, and/or high school grade point average (GPA) significantly predicted the final exam score. Alpha levels were set "a priori" to p<0.05. Attendance at an exam review appointment and high school GPA significantly predicted final exam grades (Beta=0.081, p=0.042; Beta=0.126, p=0.002, respectively) but midterm exam scores explained most of the model variance in final exam scores (Beta=0.736, p<0.000). Taken together, the three predictors in the model explained 58% of the variance in final exam scores (adjusted R[superscript 2]=0.58). The results of this study suggest that exam review appointments should be continued but enhanced to include a more structured analysis of the midterm exam. Follow up with students on the implementation of new study strategies should occur prior to the final exam.

Introduction: Physical disability represents a major burden to health and lifespan, particularly as the proportion of older adults within the United States is expected to grow. Prevention efforts for physical disability targets methods and strategies to decrease modifiable risk factors. Potential challenges for health professionals may exist in synthesizing and interpreting this broad spectrum of literature due to the discipline-specific nuance of language used, practice type or specialty, and lack of interdisciplinary resources. This scoping review will map and synthesize the literature across healthcare disciplines to identify modifiable risk factors and the evidence related to their ability to predict physical disability. We will also draw attention to the possibility of modifiable risk factors for physical disability being operationalized as pre-disability in order to strengthen primary and secondary prevention efforts. Methods: A planned search strategy using physical disability terminology will be searched in English across MEDLINE, CINAHL, Health Source, PEDro, and REHABDATA by two reviewers in line with our review objectives and inclusion criteria. Eligibility for inclusion include peer-reviewed primary research published in the English language and have established a relationship between a person-level measurable characteristic that is modifiable by changes in lifestyle behaviors and any of the commonly accepted terms used to categorize or describe physical disability. Expected results: Presentation of results will be using the PRISMA flowchart, with additional mapping and synthesis of evidence for modifiable risk factors for physical disability to clarify divergent terms used in classifying and measuring these factors and their potential for prediction of physical disability. Expected conclusion: It is anticipated that this scoping review will identify and highlight a variety of modifiable risk factors for physical disability that may aid primary and secondary prevention efforts for health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors describe two research experiments exploring the influence of race on the Köhler motivation gain effect with exercise tasks. Experiment 1 tested whether partner racial dissimilarity affects individual performance. Experiment 2 created a team identity recategorization intervention to potentially counter the influence on performance observed in Experiment 1. White male participants were partnered with either a Black or Asian partner (Experiment 1) or with a Black partner utilizing team names and shirt colors as a team identity recategorization strategy (Experiment 2). Racially dissimilar dyads completed two sets of abdominal plank exercises with a Köhler conjunctive task paradigm (stronger partner; team performance outcome dependent upon the weaker-ability participant's performance). The results of Experiment 1 suggest attenuation of the previously successful group motivation gain effect in the racially dissimilar condition. The simple recategorization strategy utilized in Experiment 2 appeared to reverse motivation losses under conjunctive-task conditions in racially dissimilar exercise dyads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The positive role of self-efficacy in directing a wide range of health-related interventions has been well documented, including those targeting an increase in physical activity. However, rarely do researchers control the influence of past performance and past self-efficacy perception ratings when exploring the interaction of self-efficacy and performance, allowing for a refined understanding of this relationship and the unique contribution of each factor. Methods: A residualized past performance, residualized self-efficacy hierarchical regression model was used to examine the effect of prior past performance and pre-exercise self-efficacy on performance with a health-related task (12 aerobic exercise cycling sessions). Results: The previous day's residualized performance was a significant predictor of performance, as was same-day residualized self-efficacy (P <.001). However, residualized self-efficacy became a stronger predictor over time. Conclusions: While maintaining a consistent level of moderate–vigorous physical activity over 12 exercise sessions, participants increased their ratings of task self-efficacy, explaining an increasing portion of the variance in the self-efficacy–performance relationship days 9 to 12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined U.S. adult physical activity preferences and explored how a sample of Americans conceptualize these preferences, as previous attempts have primarily focused on non-U.S. or special populations. A sample of adults (n=402) was surveyed and stratified into 'Alone' or 'Group' physical activity preference conditions, with additional items exploring preference characteristics and social-psychological motives. Most adults preferred to exercise Alone (n=126), with a Partner (n=88), or with the use of a Virtual/Video environment (n=122) compared to those who preferred Group exercise (n=66). While there were no significant differences in physical activity levels, significant differences were noted between the groups for internal and external motives and psychological basic needs satisfaction. This study attempts to address a gap in the literature by providing descriptive physical activity preference data that may be helpful to researchers and practitioners as points of application who design interventions to initiate or maintain recommended levels of physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Practitioners and researchers may not always be able to adequately evaluate the evidential value of findings from a series of independent studies. This is partially due to the possibility of inflated effect size estimates for these findings as a result of researcher manipulation or selective reporting of analyses (i.e., p-hacking). In light of the possible overestimation of effect sizes in the literature, the p-curve analysis has been proposed as a worthwhile tool that may help identify bias across a series of studies focused on a single effect. The p-curve analysis provides a measure of the evidential value in the published literature and might highlight p-hacking practices.Purpose: Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to introduce the mechanics of the p-curve analysis to individuals researching phenomena in the psychosocial aspects of behavior and provide a substantive example of a p-curve analysis using findings from a series of studies examining a group dynamic motivation gain paradigm.Methods: We performed a p-curve analysis on a sample of 13 studies that examined the Köhler motivation gain effect in exercise settings as a means to instruct readers how to conduct such an analysis on their own.Results: The p-curve for studies examining the Köhler effect demonstrated evidential value and that this motivation effect is likely not a byproduct of p-hacking. The p-curve analysis is explained, as well as potential limitations of the analysis, interpretation of the results, and other uses where a p-curve analysis could be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]