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Abstract Lack of bone volume to place dental implants is frequently a problem in the reconstruction of edentulous patients. Even though autografts are the gold standard for jaw regeneration, morbidity associated with the harvesting site stimulates the demand for other substitutes. The aim of this study is to characterize the incorporation and the osteogenic ability of a viable cryopreserved human bone graft (VC-HBG) in the mandibular augmentation in rats. Bone chips from fresh human vertebrae cadaveric donors were processed, cryoprotected and deep-frozen at − 80 °C maintaining its cell viability. A jaw augmentation model was used in 20 athymic nude rats allocated into 2 groups to either receive the VC-HBG or an acellular graft as control (A-HBG). The assessment of the grafts' incorporation was performed at 4 and 8 weeks by micro-CT, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. Bone volume gain was significantly higher for the VC-HBG group at both time points. At 4 weeks, the A-HBG group presented significantly higher mineral density, but at 8 weeks, the VC-HBG group showed significantly higher values than the A-HBG. There was no statistical difference between VC-HBG and A-HBG groups at 4-weeks for remaining graft particles, while at 8 weeks, the VC-HBG group showed significantly less graft remnants. Collagen I, osteopontin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase expression were significantly higher in the VC-HBG group at both time points, while osteocalcin expression was significantly higher in the VC-HBG group at 8-weeks compared to the A-HBG group. This experimental research demonstrated that the VC-HBG shows positive osteogenic properties, greater bone formation, higher rate of bone remodeling and a better overall incorporation in rats' mandibles compared to the A-HBG.

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the structural-phase composition, morphology, optical, luminescent, and scintillation characteristics of thick ZnO films fabricated by magnetron sputtering. By using a hot ceramic target, extremely rapid growth (~50 µm/h) of ZnO microfilms more than 100 µm thick was performed, which is an advantage for the industrial production of scintillation detectors. The effects of post-growth treatment of the fabricated films in low-temperature plasma were studied and a significant improvement in their crystalline and optical quality was shown. As a result, the films exhibit intense near-band-edge luminescence in the near-UV region with a decay time of 550 nm) green-yellow emission originates mainly from bulk parts of the films.

Background: Azerbaijan is an upper middle-income country in South Caucasus with an area of 86,600 km 2 and a total population of 10 million people and gross domestic product of US $4480 per capita. The aim of this research is to estimate fungal infection burden and highlight the problem at national and international levels. Methods: Fungal infection burden was estimated using data from epidemiological papers and population at risk and LIFE (Leading International Fungal Education) modelling. Results: The number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in 2018 was 6193, 29% of them not receiving antiretroviral therapy. Based on 90% and 20% rates of oral and oesophageal candidiasis in patients with CD4 cell count

Moringa is multipurpose promising tree particularly for medicinal use. With its high nutritive and pharmaceutical values, every part of the tree is suitable for human consumptions. The use of vegetate parts, seeds or extracts requires toxicological evaluations to prove and verify safety uses before being added to pharmaceutical medicine, or any other products related to human diet. In this study, Moringa peregrina seeds, grown in high elevation mountain in Saint Catherin area, were investigated and evaluated for their toxicity with respect to its topological potential through histological and biochemical studies in Albino rats. Daily doses of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight of dry seed of M. peregrina were administered orally to 4 groups of rats for 14 days. Biochemical and histopathological results were evaluated by standard methods. Measured biochemical parameters, insulin, albumin, total protein, creatinine, urea, uric acid, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone and Testosterone, revealed normal levels compared to control group. However, measured level of blood sugars, cholesterol, triglyceride and liver enzyme, displayed significant decreases. No histopathological changes were detected in the body tested organs. In consequences, intake of different doses of M. peregrina, even high one, exhibit no organ toxicity and are safe for human use. Keywords: Histopathological studies, Biochemical studies, Moringa peregrina, Toxicological evaluation

Functionalized glutathione on chitosan-genipin cross-linked beads (CS-GG) was synthesized and tested as an adsorbent for the removal of Fe(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The beads were characterized by several techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), CNS elementary analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effect of several parameters such as the pH, the temperature, and the contact time was tested to optimize the condition for the adsorption reaction. The beads were incubated in aqueous solutions contaminated with different concentrations of Fe(II) and Cu(II) (under the range concentration from 10 to 400 mg·L−1), and the adsorption capacity was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The adsorption equilibrium was reached after 120 min of incubation under optimal pH 5 for Fe(II) and after 180 min under optimal pH 6 for Cu(II). According to the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) for Fe(II) and Cu(II) were 208 mg·g−1 and 217 mg·g−1, respectively. Our results showed that the adsorption efficiency of both metals on CS-GG beads was correlated with the degree of temperature. In addition, the adsorption reaction was spontaneous and endothermic, indicated by the positive values of ΔG0 and ΔH0. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that the new synthesized CS-GG beads had a strong adsorption capacity for Fe(II) and Cu(II) and were efficient to remove these trace metals from aqueous solution.

A critical hurdle in ant venom proteomic investigations is the lack of databases to comprehensively and specifically identify the sequence and function of venom proteins and peptides. To resolve this, we used venom gland transcriptomics to generate a sequence database that was used to assign the tandem mass spectrometry (MS) fragmentation spectra of venom peptides and proteins to specific transcripts. This was performed alongside a shotgun liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of the venom to confirm that these assigned transcripts were expressed as proteins. Through the combined transcriptomic and proteomic investigation of Paraponera clavata venom, we identified four times the number of proteins previously identified using 2D-PAGE alone. In addition to this, by mining the transcriptomic data, we identified several novel peptide sequences for future pharmacological investigations, some of which conform with inhibitor cysteine knot motifs. These types of peptides have the potential to be developed into pharmaceutical or bioinsecticide peptides.

Ants (Formicidae) represent a taxonomically diverse group of hymenopterans with over 13,000 extant species, the majority of which inject or spray secretions from a venom gland. The evolutionary success of ants is mostly due to their unique eusociality that has permitted them to develop complex collaborative strategies, partly involving their venom secretions, to defend their nest against predators, microbial pathogens, ant competitors, and to hunt prey. Activities of ant venom include paralytic, cytolytic, haemolytic, allergenic, pro-inflammatory, insecticidal, antimicrobial, and pain-producing pharmacologic activities, while non-toxic functions include roles in chemical communication involving trail and sex pheromones, deterrents, and aggregators. While these diverse activities in ant venoms have until now been largely understudied due to the small venom yield from ants, modern analytical and venomic techniques are beginning to reveal the diversity of toxin structure and function. As such, ant venoms are distinct from other venomous animals, not only rich in linear, dimeric and disulfide-bonded peptides and bioactive proteins, but also other volatile and non-volatile compounds such as alkaloids and hydrocarbons. The present review details the unique structures and pharmacologies of known ant venom proteinaceous and alkaloidal toxins and their potential as a source of novel bioinsecticides and therapeutic agents.

The aim of the article is to study the nature of liberalization as a specific economic process, which is formed and developed under the influence of the changing conditions of the globalization and integration processes in the society, as well as to identify the characteristic differences in the processes of liberalization of Turkey and Azerbaijan economies (using the method of comparative analysis of these countries' development indices). The objectives of this study: the characterization of the liberalization process as a specific economic process; a comparative analysis of the Turkey and Azerbaijan economic development conditions; the improvement of the theoretical justification of influence the process of economic liberalization on the development of society. The article presents the comparative analysis of the Turkey and Azerbaijan economic development conditions by using new research method as index of leftness (rightness) of economy. It was revealed that the Azerbaijan economy compared with the economy of Turkey is using more "right" methods of economy regulation. The Turkish economy is more prone to fluctuations in the studied parameters, at the same time, a main way of Turkish economy development is the direction towards increased liberalization, while the simultaneous growth of indicators of the human development. In this context, the Azerbaijani economy is more liberalized and less regulated.

North Sinai is a location of ecological significance because of its physiographic changes and environmental gradients. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the recent alterations in the floristic structure and composition of North Sinai brought about by humanity and the current drought revealing new records with a comprehensive investigation of the life form and conservation status of each of the collected species. For three successive years (2022, 2023, and 2024), field trips were conducted seasonally from May to October. Ten localities were selected throughout North Sinai from El-Qantara to Rafah, in addition to El-Hassana and Nakhl areas to represent wild vegetation. This vegetation is characterized by the dominance of four large families: Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae revealing that therophyte is the most prevalent life form among plant species belonging to various families. The vegetation survey of these localities included a list on the life form of species and an evaluation of their conservation status. Five-hundred and twenty-two (522) species were recorded belonging to 307 genera and 66 families estimating that the number of weeds is in constant increase. The recorded species included seven endemic species belonging to families: Apiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae and Lamiaceae. These endemic species comprised threatened and endangered species that must be conserved and deeply studied to prevent the risk of extinction including Caralluma sinaica, Ferula sinaica and Spergula fallax. Fifty-two species are new records conducted during this study in the different localities of North Sinai. Comparisons of the floristic composition and structure of North Sinai in the present study with earlier studies were also conducted. Improved knowledge of the indigenous flora can help North Sinai and other comparable desert locations make more informed decisions about conservation policies and sustainable land management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the change in the vegetation composition because of climate change and its effect on natural heritage. Wadi Al Arbaein is one of the most important wadis in the flora and vegetation composition. Wadi Al Arbaein is another narrow steep wadi, on its bed are scattered boulders and large stones. There are successive broad terraces reducing to a deep narrow channel flooded by spring water. The climate of the study area is extremely arid, with a long hot and rainless summer and mild winter. During the study, vegetation survey for the Al Arbaein in south Sinai was done including vegetation parameters such as total plant cover, physical and chemical soil analysis, temperature and moisture were the main factors controlling the floristic and structural distribution of vegetation in the study area. The variation in vegetation is highly influenced by diversity and is susceptible to climatic change. Endemic species are consistently more adversely impacted, endemics are considered as indicators for assessment and conservation of bio geographical regions and biodiversity hotspots. Climate change may cause rare and threatened endemic species to experience changes in their distribution range, perhaps leading to their extinction. The study conducted in Wadi Al Arbaein recorded 125 plant species, detailing their life forms and conservation statuses according to the IUCN 2024 criteria. Asteraceae emerged as the most abundant plant family, followed by Lamiaceae, with therophytes predominating among the recorded species. Wadi Al Arbaein harbors 16 endemic plant species, including seven critically endangered, six endangered, one near threatened, and one vulnerable. Preserving these botanical treasures is crucial for biodiversity conservation. The study identified ten distinct plant communities, in addition to five pure plant communities, likely characterized by distinct species compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Malnutrition, wasting, and obesity among children under 6 years old pose a serious global health concern, increasing the risk of various infectious and non-infectious diseases. Therefore, regular monitoring of these conditions is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition in children under 6 years of age from 2018 to 2023. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted on children under 6 years old who were referred to the urban and rural health centres in south Iran for routine health care. The researchers extracted the data from the health electronic records (SIB system) from 2018 to 2023. Results This study showed the average prevalence of overweight and obesity is 20%, underweight and severe underweight is 4.9%, wasting and severe wasting is 7.4%, and stunted and severe shortness is 3.8%, 2018–2023. The average annual percentage change of severe wasting was 8.9% (95% CI 0.1% to 18.6%), underweight and severely underweight 5.7% (1.4–10.3) during the study years. The decreasing trend of stunted, particularly severe stunted, − 1.1% (− 0.7–5.2), the probability of overweight − 1.6% (95% CI − 4.7–1.5), and obesity − 1.1% (95% CI − 7–5.2) was seen. Conclusion This study revealed a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than previously reported, although the annual percentage change remained relatively stable. In contrast, a significant increase in underweight and wasting was observed over the past 5 years. Consequently, healthcare managers and policymakers should prioritize interventions to address these trends.

A high-fat diet (HFD) is characterized by an excessive intake of dietary fats, while often being deficient in essential nutrients and fiber. Studies in animal models have consistently demonstrated that high-fat diets can lead to significant elevation of weight gain, body organs and biochemical parameters. The present research aimed to clarify the adverse physiological consequences of HFD on female rats. The present study was performed on 12 female rats that were divided into equal groups. Group I fed normal basal diet and group II fed HFD for 12 months. The body weight and gain, relative organs weight as well as abdominal fat mass were recorded. Hematological parameters, lipid profile, liver and kidney functions and heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) were determined. Also, histopathology for liver, kidney and heart were performed. Electrocardiography (ECG) was performed. The body weight, weight gain, relative organs weight and abdominal fat mass were significantly increased in group II than group I. Hematological parameters, lipid profile, liver and kidney functions, H-FABP and ECG as well as histopathology were deteriorated in group II than group I. The findings revealed that prolonged consumption of a high-fat diet resulted in significant physiological perturbations. Understanding the intricate interactions between high-fat diets, body weight, body organs and biochemical parameters is essential for devising effective prevention and treatment strategies for obesity and related metabolic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Childhood malnutrition remains a critical public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality among children aged 2–5 years. This study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status of 2–5 y children and to explore the main determinants of child malnutrition in eight food insecure provinces of Iran. Methods In each province, participants were invited to attend the health house/center to complete the questionnaire on the pre-appointed day. In this study, an android application comprising electronic questionnaires was employed for data collection. Anthropometric, dietary, food security and socioeconomic status (SES) assessments were performed. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was done to assess the structural relationship of malnutrition indicators (z-score of height to age (HAZ), z-score of weight to age (WAZ) and z-score of weight to height (WHZ)) with other variables. Results Overall, 2247 children aged 42.2 ± 0.3 months were enrolled in the study, of whom 1048 (46.6%) were female and 1438 (64%) were urban residents. Based on Z score criteria, 216 (10.1%) of the studied children had less than − 2SD HAZ, 193 (8.4%) had lower than − 2SD WHZ and 188 (8.1%) had lower than − 2SD WAZ. The prevalence rates of stunting, wasting and underweight were not significantly different between boys and girls. Nevertheless, the occurrence of stunting was significantly higher in children residing in rural than in urban areas (p = 0.025). SEM analysis revealed that higher SES had a positive relationship with HAZ (0.089), WAZ (0.163) and WHZ (0.109). The effect of SES was greatest on WAZ, indicated by the highest absolute value of a path coefficient. There were specific indirect effects of father’s education on HAZ (0.032, p = 0.001), WHZ (0.045,

Summary: Background: COVID-19 is a newly emerging pathogen responsible for respiratory infections and has caused high morbidity and mortality globally. To date, there is no effective treatment protocol for this virus. Objectives: The current study has reviewed the probable mechanisms involved in relation between probiotic supplementation and corona virus disease. It also has found the most beneficial strains of probiotic in this regard. Methods: Major search engines such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Medline, and Google Scholar have been used for searching English papers and SID, Magiran, and IranMedex for Persian language papers through keywords such as COVID-19, corona virus, probiotic, clinical trials since early 2020 until the end of 2023. Next, we manually reviewed the contents of these articles. Inclusion criteria included clinical trials on both sexes without any comorbidity. Results: Based on the clinical trials that were assessed in this review, we found that probiotics decrease fever, cough, nasal congestion, shortness of breath and diarrhea in patients with corona virus disease. Furthermore, remission and modification of main symptoms of disease occur sooner in patients who receive oral bacterio therapy compared to those who receive only drug regimen. It also seems that probiotic supplementation not only can reduce requirement to use mechanical ventilation in patients, but also decrease the mortality rate caused by disease. One of the interesting findings of this review is that the most beneficial effects of bacterio therapy, could be attributed to Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genus. Conclusions: Consuming probiotics against coronavirus seems promising in prevention and treatment. Probiotics' health and safety benefits have been confirmed, including their role in fighting certain viral infections. Further research is needed to confirm their appropriate performance as a new approach to remission COVID-19 viruses.

Background and Purpose: Onychomycosis is a common nail infection characterized by the discoloration, thickening, and detachment of nails. This study aimed to provide valuable insights into this pathology by assessing its prevalence, clinical aspects, related comorbidities, and causative agents in patients from a Moroccan population.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 1,606 subjects at the Mycology-Parasitology laboratory of the National Institute of Hygiene in Rabat, Morocco, over five years (2016-2020). Nail samples were collected from both fingernails and toenails and processed through microscopic examination and culture. The incubated tubes were kept at a temperature range of 28-30°C for 4-5 weeks.Results: Onychomycosis was mycologically confirmed in 1,794 samples (93.24%). It occurred commonly in the 41-60 age group, with a higher incidence among females (74.53%). Diabetes, alongside other chronic diseases, was prevalent among patients with underlying conditions, comprising 131 cases (40.56%). Disto-lateral subungual onychomycosis emerged as the most prevalent clinical presentation, comprising 1,536 cases (79.92%). Fingernails primarily affected by yeasts, notably Candida albicans, accounted for 565 cases (29.80%), while toenails were predominantly impacted by dermatophytes, primarily Trichophyton rubrum (n=1,230, 64.87%). Mixed infections exclusively featured yeasts and dermatophytes, predominantly T. rubrum and C. albicans, which accounted for 79 (4.40%) cases. The study explored the influence of molds, yielding insights into their rarity in onychomycosis.Conclusion: These findings hold significant implications for the clinical management and diagnosis of onychomycosis, particularly in patients with underlying chronic conditions. Further epidemiological studies across Morocco are needed for meaningful comparisons.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides (GFP) in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Seventy-five rats were divided into five groups: the normal control group and the AD group treated with or without GFP (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). Behavioral responses in the open field test and elevated plus maze test were assessed. Additionally, the levels of malondialdehyde and ferric-reducing ability of plasma, and the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the hippocampus were measured. Results: Treatment with GFP significantly improved AD-induced behavioral changes in the open field test and elevated plus maze test (P < 0.05). In addition, the level of malondialdehyde and the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were decreased by GFP treatment in a dose-dependent manner in AD rats (P < 0.05), while the level of ferric-reducing ability of plasma was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Oral administration of GFP can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as improve behavioral responses associated with AD, suggesting its potential use in AD treatment. However, additional studies are needed to elucidate its underlying mechanisms and efficacy.

Abstract The p53 protein, encoded by the TP53 gene, serves as a critical tumor suppressor, playing a vital role in maintaining genomic stability and regulating cellular responses to stress. Dysregulation of p53 is frequently observed in hematological malignancies, significantly impacting disease progression and patient outcomes. This review aims to examine the regulatory mechanisms of p53, the implications of TP53 mutations in various hematological cancers, and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting p53. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to synthesize recent findings related to p53's multifaceted role in hematologic cancers, focusing on its regulatory pathways and therapeutic potential. TP53 mutations in hematological malignancies often lead to treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Current therapeutic strategies, including p53 reactivation and gene therapy, show promise in improving treatment outcomes. Understanding the intricacies of p53 regulation and the consequences of its mutations is essential for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in hematological malignancies, ultimately enhancing patient care and survival.

Introduction: In postmodern art, the body has been a focal point as a subject, medium, and tool for artistic creation, as well as a site for experiencing and perceiving art. Scholars in the humanities have challenged conventional definitions of the body, and artists have visually depicted these new interpretations. One postmodern approach to body representation in painting is the depiction of fragmented bodies and disembodied limbs. This study aims to explain the theoretical origins of the emergence of disembodied limbs in Iranian paintings of the late 14th century A.H. and the semantic implications of this visual fragmentation. The research seeks to answer the question: “What is the reference for depicting disembodied limbs in 1990s Iranian paintings, and what themes do these visual representations convey”?Methodology: This qualitative research employs a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary data. From the statistical population, which includes paintings by Iranian artists featuring fragmented bodies or disembodied limbs from the 1990s, samples that primarily depict disembodied limbs were selected and analyzed based on the theoretical foundations of the study.Findings: The decentralization of the body’s unity in the research samples does not refer to disability, physical suffering, or death. Instead, it signifies abstract concepts such as transformation and metamorphosis, challenging classical definitions of the body, social critique, expressions of mental and metaphysical states, and recollecting a lost past that exists only in memory.Conclusion: The emergence of disembodied limbs in 1990s Iranian paintings is influenced by postmodern rationality and a shift in human perspectives towards the external and internal worlds. By defamiliarizing conventional methods of body representation, painters create a space for critiquing and challenging predetermined thought patterns and generating new concepts that reflect the human condition in the contemporary era.

Summary: Background: Based on available data, acarbose may have an effect on body weight reduction. Nevertheless, the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, the purpose of this review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) was to assess the existing data as thoroughly as possible. Methods: The relevant keywords were used to search the online databases to identify RCTs that examined the effect of acarbose on body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) up to April 2023. A random-effects model was applied to examine the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Seventy-one RCTs with 73 effect sizes were included in this meta-analytic work. The effect sizes for body weight, BMI, and WC were 45, 47, and 9, respectively. The pooled analysis demonstrated significant decrease in body weight (WMD = −1.21 kg; 95%CI, −1.67, −0.75; p

Antibiotic resistance remains a critical challenge for public health. In this study, we investigate the antibacterial potential of Moroccan Allium sativum L. essential oil (EO) through both in vitro and in silico approaches. The EO was extracted using hydrodistillation, and its physicochemical properties were analyzed alongside its chemical composition via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). We assessed antibacterial efficacy through disk diffusion assays targeting Escherichia coli (E. coli), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Finally, an in silico molecular docking analysis and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) prediction were performed. Our analysis identified 13 sulfur-based compounds within the EO, with diallyl disulfide (42.85 %), methylallyl disulfide (18.84 %), methylallyl trisulfide (15.38 %), and diallyl trisulfide (13.11 %) as major constituents. The EO demonstrated robust activity against MRSA, with an inhibition zone of 22 mm and an MIC of 0.75 mg/mL, whereas E. coli exhibited lower sensitivity, with an MIC of 1.51 mg/mL. Molecular docking analysis suggested that the primary sulfur compounds may effectively inhibit bacterial resistance-related enzymes. These findings highlight the potential of Allium sativum L. EO as a natural antibacterial agent, attributed largely to its sulfur compound content. This activity is likely linked with the EO's interaction with the complex structures of bacterial cell membranes, offering promise in combating resistant bacterial strains.

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare genetic platelet disorder that leads to bleeding problems in affected individuals. We present a 28-year-old woman with GT who experienced a rare symptom of painless gross hematuria in the last month of pregnancy. To provide the best care, an interdisciplinary approach was followed by a team of obstetricians and gynecologists, hematologists, neonatologists, and anesthesiologists. The IUGR fetus was delivered by cesarean section and had mild acidosis and thrombocytopenia at birth. Both the baby and the mother were carefully cared for and treated. Hematuria also improved spontaneously within two weeks after delivery. Gross hematuria during pregnancy rarely occurs due to the pressure of the presenting part of the fetus on the mother’s bladder (due to engagement). Aggravation of any clinical symptoms in pregnant women with GT should alert maternal and fetal health care providers to make individualized decisions.

Abstract Aims L-carnitine plays a role related to cardiometabolic factors, but its effectiveness and safety in CVD are still unknown. We aim to assess the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on CVD risk factors. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus until October 2022. The main outcomes were lipid profiles, anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance, serum glucose levels, leptin, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated using a random-effects model. Results We included the 21 RCTs (n = 2900) with 21 effect sizes in this study. L-carnitine supplementation had a significant effect on TG (WMD = − 13.50 mg/dl, p = 0.039), LDL (WMD = − 12.66 mg/dl, p

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of social media-based microlearning (SMBM) on enhancing the knowledge, self-care, and self-efficacy behaviors of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving care at a hospital-based diabetes clinic in Zahedan, Iran. Methods This intervention study was conducted from September 2021 to the end of 2022, with an intervention group (SMBM) and a control group (conventional-based training) consisting of patients with T2D. A total of 80 eligible patients were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 40) or the control group (n = 40). The knowledge level, self-care, and self-efficacy of the samples were assessed before and two weeks after the educational intervention. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24, and independent and paired T-tests were used for analysis. Results The results of the study revealed that after the intervention, the levels of knowledge, self-care, and self-efficacy in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p-value

Resistance exercise leads to the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis, known as exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy. Several hormonal and nutritional factors, directly or indirectly impacting cellular pathways activated by exercise, influence muscle protein synthesis. Among these, acute and chronic alcohol consumption disrupts the balance between anabolic and catabolic mechanisms and affects muscles and heart activity in a different process. However, there is uncertainty regarding the precise mechanisms involved. This systematic review discusses the effects of alcohol consumption on muscle protein synthesis and degradation with emphasis on the hypertrophy pathway of mTOR and hormones involved in exercise-induced muscle protein synthesis. For this purpose, comprehensive searches were performed in Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science regarding the impact of alcohol consumption on protein synthesis processes, with an emphasis on the mTOR pathway in skeletal muscle following resistance exercise, in the time frame of 2010 to 2024. The following keywords were used to search in the title and keywords: protein synthesis, alcohol, ethanol, skeletal muscle, mTOR signaling, resistance exercise, and hypertrophy. After reviewing the articles, a total of 71 articles were selected for the current review. Previous studies indicate a decrease in growth hormone, testosterone, and insulin-like growth factor along with a negative effect on mTOR due to acute alcohol consumption, which ultimately leading to reduced hypertrophy. 15-20% decrease in basal protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is observed twenty-four hours after alcohol consumption, mostly in type II fibers, and particularly in type IIx fibers, which provide the greatest response to muscular hypertrophy after regular exercise. Chronic alcohol consumption also increases cortisol levels and activates the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, leading to the activation of atrophic pathways and subsequent muscle mass reduction. Over consumption of alcohol is associated with a 50% prevalence of alcoholic myopathy, which also causes abnormal hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in the left ventricle of the heart. Chronic alcohol consumption leads to cardiomyopathy or structural and functional abnormalities of the cardiac muscle. Therefore, considering that alcohol can have negative effects on muscle protein synthesis even up to one day after consumption and disrupt hypertrophic signaling pathways, can have an effect on cardiovascular health, and athletes need to be aware of the detrimental effects and consequences. Understanding the negative effects of alcohol on these physiological processes is crucial for promoting a healthy lifestyle and optimizing exercise outcomes in health and sports.

Background and aims: Apical patency (AP), a technique in endodontics, involves keeping a small opening in the apical foramen during root canal instrumentation. However, there has been a debate about its effect on postoperative pain. To clarify this issue, this systematic review aimed to study the literature and determine the impact of AP on postoperative pain after endodontic procedures. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, up to November 2, 2023. Studies on the relationship between AP and postoperative pain in endodontic treatments were included in this research. Relevant articles were independently screened, and data were extracted based on our study aims. Results: Eleven randomized controlled trial studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicated that among the included studies, six demonstrated no differences between the AP and non-AP (NAP) groups in terms of postoperative pain scores. In addition, four studies reported a decrease in operative pain in the AP group compared to the NAP group, and only one study showed that AP increases postoperative pain. However, conflicting evidence was observed in a subset of studies; there were no significant differences between the AP and NAP groups in terms of the postoperative pain scores. Conclusion: Compared with NAP, AP does not intensify the postoperative pain in teeth with vital and necrotic pulp.

Actinobacteria are well recognized for their bioactive compounds.They are considered as a promising source of wide range of important enzymes, some of which are produced on an industrial scale. In this study, 35 isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples collected in the area of Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, Israel. To our knowledge, this is the first study of actinomycetes from this terrestrial environment. The efficiency of the isolated actinobacteria in the production of amylase, cellulase, protease, tyrosinase, lipase, catalase and phosphatase was studied. Isolates obtained showed some activity and other completely failed to produce such enzymes. From total 35 isolates, only three isolates (8.6%) showed ability to produce protease, four isolates (11.4%) for lipase, five isolates (14.3%) for tyrosinase and two isolates (5.7%) for phosphatase enzymes. However, all isolates were positive for amylase and catalase enzymes; vice versa for cellulase enzyme all isolates failed to degrade cellulose in the form of carboxymethylcellulose.

Congenital toxoplasmosis in Morocco, and other middle-income countries, remains challenging due to high cost and potential toxicity of existing treatment, limiting their widespread application. This highlights the urgent need for affordable, safe and accessible alternatives. Plants used in traditional medicine and purchased in markets are good candidates. Aqueous extract of Ammi visnaga seeds had no inhibitory effect against T. gondii tachyzoites in vitro (50% inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 679.6 ± 243.6 µg/mL) and induced a cytotoxic effect on host cells (50% cytotoxic concentration, CC50 = 313.3 ± 357.6 µg/mL). Ethanolic extract of A. visnaga seeds showed anti-Toxoplasma effect (IC50 = 192.3 ± 70.2 µg/mL) with low cytotoxicity (CC50 = 515.9 ± 312.0 µg/mL), indicating that different compounds were extracted. Aqueous extracts of Punica granatum peel and Syzygium aromaticum flower buds showed anti-Toxoplasma effect (IC50 = 413.5 ± 271.4 and 473.5 ± 196.0 µg/mL, respectively) with low cytotoxicity (CC50 = 1007.4 ± 286.3 and 985.6 ± 388.6 µg/mL, respectively). All extracts, particularly of A. visnaga, induced apoptosis-like in tachyzoites, characterized by phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA fragmentation. Finally, the aqueous extracts of A. visnaga seeds, P. granatum peel and S. aromaticum flower buds exhibited antioxidant properties. The observed effects are likely due to coumarins and sterols (A. visnaga aqueous extract), saponins (A. visnaga ethanolic extract), gallic tannins (P. granatum extract), and phenols (S. aromaticum extract). P. granatum peel show promise as potential preclinical candidates for the toxoplasmosis treatment, warranting further investigation into its potential for safe and effective therapeutic use.