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Abstract The current status concerning Hardy-type inequalities with sharp constants is presented and described in a unified convexity way. In particular, it is then natural to replace the Lebesgue measure dx with the Haar measure d x / x $dx/x$ . There are also derived some new two-sided Hardy-type inequalities for monotone functions, where not only the two constants are sharp but also the involved function spaces are (more) optimal. As applications, a number of both well-known and new Hardy-type inequalities are pointed out. And, in turn, these results are used to derive some new sharp information concerning sharpness in the relation between different quasi-norms in Lorentz spaces.

Grand Lebesgue spaces, well-known on sets of finite measure, are studied on general measure spaces [Formula omitted] with admission of [Formula omitted]. In this case, the grand space is defined via the so-called grandizer. It is shown that the classical Lebesgue space is embedded into the grand Lebesgue space if and only if the grandizer is in [Formula omitted]. Embedding between grand Lebesgue spaces with different grandizers is also considered. The main results concern the boundedness of maximal, singular, and fractional operators in grand Lebesgue spaces over quasi-metric measure spaces [Formula omitted]. Application to such operators over [Formula omitted] and homogeneous groups on [Formula omitted] is also given., Author(s): V. Guliyev [sup.1] [sup.2], S. Samko [sup.3] [sup.4], S. Umarkhadzhiev [sup.4] [sup.5] [sup.6] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/054gw3b40, grid.37600.32, 0000 0001 1010 9948, Institute of Applied Mathematics, Baku State University, [...]

The article contains a regional analysis of the Ukrainian labour market risks and its minimisation recommendations in the war period. The war’s consequences were the forced migration spread, the labour force reduction, the unemployment increase, and the decline in real incomes. The analysis of regional disproportions of labour market risks during the war showed that jobs declined, wages decreased, labour supply-demand imbalance and labour competition increased in the regions with the most consequences of military actions. The migration, unemployment, and wages trend became a base for developing the labour markets advantages matrix for Ukraine’s regions.

We obtain p [right arrow] q estimates for a weighted Hardy operator and its formal dual in grand Lebesgue spaces over [??]. In the case of power weights, we obtain [...]

This review article is dedicated to Professor Nikolai Karapetiants on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of his birthday. This article contains a biography of Nikolai Karapetiants, as well as a brief overview of his research., Author(s): Oleg G. Avsyankin [sup.1], Stefan G. Samko [sup.2] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/01tv9ph92, grid.182798.d, 0000 0001 2172 8170, Institute of Mathematics, Mechanics and Computer Sciences, Regional Mathematical Center, Southern [...]

This research aims to determine the significance of the progress in the first and second language acquisition by Roma-Slovak bilingual children in their first year of schooling, differentiated by three types of Roma communities (type 1, type 2 and type 3) at the beginning of the school year (test) and the end of the school year (post-test). The partial aim is to analyze the context and relationships of the progress in the first and second language acquisition by Roma children, determined by the type of Roma community in which individual children live. The research set as a whole (n = 68) consists of Roma-Slovak bilingual children with Romani as their native language and Slovak as their second language in their first year of schooling. Subsequently, the research set is differentiated into three groups by the type of Roma community in which the children live, namely: type 1 - municipal and urban concentrations (n = 22); type 2 - settlements located on the outskirts of a city or municipality (n = 23); and type 3 - settlements spatially remote or separated by a natural or artificial barrier (n = 23). We used a standardized research tool, OOS Test - image-vocabulary test (Kondáš, 2010). We conducted the research in two phases, at the beginning of the school year (test) and the end of the school year (post-test). To analyze the data statistically, we used the SPSS 20.0 statistical program. As one of the important findings, this study has shown statistically significant differences between Roma-Slovak bilingual children from type 1, type 2 and type 3 Roma communities in L1 and L2 at the beginning and the end of the school year. Moreover, the research has shown statistically significant differences in the acquisition progress in L1 and L2 between children from the type 1, type 2 and type 3 communities at the given time. The main research problem arising from the findings is that the progress in the first and second language acquisition by Roma-Slovak bilingual children is determined by the type of Roma community in which the Roma children live. Furthermore, the findings show a relationship and connection between the first and second language acquisition development and the type of Roma community in which the children live. Acknowledgments This paper is an output of the research project "Language and Communication Problems in Slovakia and their Management" funded by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV-17-0254 (2018 – ). It is the continuation of the research project "Language competence of the Romani pupils in the first grade of primary schol" funded by the same agency under the contract No. VEGA 1/0845/15 (2015–2017). Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. * Corresponding author: Milan Samko 0000-0002-1574-0672 msamko@ukf.sk

The aim of the work is to organize informational files about compressors and ultrasonic nebulizers determination of actuality and availability in marketing analysis of the domestic market. Materials and methods. Data from the Apteka.UA and the official website of Tabletki.ua were used to analyze the brand and assortment structure of ultrasonic and compressor nebulizers. The search analytical, systematic, comparative, and statistical methods and methods of mathematical and logical analysis were used in the work. Results. The analysis of the market of assortment and brand structures of the compressor and ultrasonic nebulizers was carried out. The obtained results showed the presence on the market of 16 manufacturers from 10 countries in the world of compressor nebulizers and 9 manufacturers from 7 countries in the world of ultrasonic nebulizers. Among them, the largest suppliers were identified, such as Omron Healthcare (Japan) and LLC Medhouse Swiss GmbH (Ukraine). The calculated stress coefficient indicated greater competition between compressor manufacturers (Kvi = 0.94) compared to ultrasonic (Kvi = 0.88) nebulizers. The level of monopolization was determined using the Herfindahl–Hirschman index. The results indicated a moderately concentrated market for both types of nebulizers. Analysis of socio-economic affordability by indicators of price liquidity ratio and solvency adequacy noted low availability of this group of goods for consumers of pharmacies. Conclusions. The results of the company structure research indicated the vast majority of manufacturers of foreign companies and a wide range of both ultrasonic and compressor nebulizers. In the course of the work, the available commodity positions in pharmacies in Ukraine were investigated. According to the calculations of the coefficient of tension and the level of monopolization. It was possible to determine the competitiveness among manufacturing firms. The results of the assessment of the liquidity ratio and the adequacy of solvency made it possible to assess the purchasing power of the population in this group of goods.

Ewing’s sarcoma is a malignant bone tumor. It occurs more often in teenagers between 10–15 years old and metastasizes to the lungs and nervous system. Heart disease is atypical and occurs in only a few cases. We present a clinical case of late diagnosis of Ewing’s sarcoma in a 26-year-old patient with metastases in the left side of the heart. According to instrumental tests, hypermobile, ribbon-like formations were visualized on the cusps of the aortic and mitral valves with damage to the chordal apparatus. Coronary angiography was performed with embolextraction from the middle third of the left anterior descending artery and its diagonal branch, due to the clinical picture of anterior acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation. An urgent cardiac surgery was performed, in the attempt to prevent fatal incidents. During the revision, in addition to damage to the aortic and mitral valves of the heart, metastatic masses grew into the layer of the myocardium, the removal of which is technically impossible.In the early postoperative period, the patient died due to embolization into the brain and coronary arteries. Diagnosis of Ewing’s sarcoma requires timely diagnosis and treatment in order to prevent the rapid spread and development of life-threatening and fatal complications.

The study analyzes the context and relationships of the progress in first language acquisition by monolingual children (First language: Slovak) and Roma-Slovak bilingual children (First language: Romani), as determined by the type of Roma community in which individual children live. We conducted the research in two phases, the first at the beginning of the school year (test) and the second at the end of the school year (post-test). The OOS image-vocabulary test as a psychological toolwas used for examining children’s vocabulary and a certain dimension of their readiness for school. The standardized O-S-S tool is structured to include 30 colorful images illustrating objects, animals, and activities, which are presented to children on an individual basis (Kondáš, 2010). For the purposes of the study, the test was modified and culturally adapted for Roma children with a pairing of Romani and Slovak languages. The research set in total consists of (n = 135) children in their first year of schooling and is separated into Roma children with L1: Romani (n = 68) and Slovak children with L1: Slovak (n = 67). Subsequently, the research set of Roma children (n = 68) belong to 3 types of communities. These 3 types of communities are the following: type 1: municipal and urban concentrations (n = 22); type 2: settlements located on the outskirts of a city or municipality (n = 23); and type 3: settlements spatially remote or separated by a natural or artificial barrier (n = 23). To analyze the data statistically, we used the SPSS 20.0 statistical program. The results shown statistically significant differences in L1 comprehension between Roma-Slovak bilingual children from type 1, type 2, and type 3 Roma communities and, additionally, between monolingual children at the beginning and at the end of the school year. According to the first measurement at the beginning of the school year (test) and the second measurement at the end of the school year (post-test) in L1 in the case of verbs and nouns, the highest success rate was achieved by monolingual Slovak children, followed by Romani-Slovak bilingual children from type 1 communities, followed by children from type 2 communities, and the lowest success rate was achieved by children from type 3 communities. The main research problem arising from the findings is that the progress in first language acquisition by Roma-Slovak bilingual children is determined by the type of Roma community in which the child lives. Acknowledgments This paper is an output of the research project “Language and Communication Problems in Slovakia and their Management” funded by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV-17-0254 (2018 – ). It is the continuation of the research project “Language competence of the Romani pupils in the first grade of primary school” funded by the same agency under the contract No. VEGA 1/0845/15 (2015–2017).

Introduction The study aimed to compare factors influencing social adaptation of children from families at risk of social exclusion versus their peers with higher socioeconomic status. The analysis applied to coping strategies in difficult social situations as well as intrapersonal and interpersonal attitudes, and attitudes towards the world. Material and methods The study involved 169 children (girls n = 85, boys n = 84) aged 13-14 years. Children were included in the criterion group based on a statutory minimum subsistence level applicable for a given year in Poland. Results Children with higher levels of resilience scored high in cognitive-intellectual and physical spheres as well as in personality, pro-social, socio-moral and support spheres and the sense of efficacy. Factors such as socioeconomic status and family structure were found to differentiate children in terms of coping mechanisms and attitudes towards themselves, other people and the world. Conclusions The study revealed that the child’s psychological resilience is of particular importance for social adaptation.

Disclaimer The EAC Guidelines represent the views of the EAC, and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge, and the evidence available at the time of their publication. The EAC is not responsible in the event of any contradiction, discrepancy, and/or ambiguity between the EAC Guidelines and any other official recommendations or guidelines issued by the relevant public health authorities, in particular in relation to good use of healthcare or therapeutic strategies. Health professionals are encouraged to take the EAC Guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the implementation of preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic medical strategies; however, the EAC Guidelines do not override, in any way whatsoever, the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient’s health condition and in consultation with that patient and, where appropriate and/or necessary, the patient’s caregiver. Nor do the EAC Guidelines exempt health professionals from taking into full and careful consideration the relevant official updated recommendations or guidelines issued by the competent public health authorities, in order to manage each patient’s case in light of the scientifically accepted data pursuant to their respective ethical and professional obligations. It is also the health professional’s responsibility to verify the applicable rules and regulations relating to drugs and medical devices at the time of prescription.Members of the Working Group confirmed the lack of financial support / conflict of interest. In the event of a conflict of interest being reported, the member (s) of the Working Group was (were) excluded from the discussion of sections related to the area of conflict of interest.

The health of the population is one of the decisive factors in the economic and social development of the state. The pharmaceutical service is an integral part of the health system. Pharmaceutical assistance aims to ensure the availability and accessibility of the population to effective, harmless and good quality drugs. In this article, the authors try to outline certain directions for improving pharmaceutical care in the Republic of Moldova, analysing international practice. Satisfactory level of public health contributes to economic growth and development of human society. At the same time, the quality of life, from the position of public health, generates physical, psychological and social repercussions of a pathology on the life of the individual.

The aim of the study – to analyze the modern literature, summarize current approaches to surgical treatment of tubular breast type II and identify the causes of poor results. Tubular breast deformity relates to congenital connective tissue malformations, occurs in puberty and causes a great deal of psychological discomfort to women. The majority of authors note that type II of tubular breast is the most common among patients referred to clinic for a surgical correction. In fact, the correction of this type of malformation is a reconstructive procedure associated with a number of challenges. The goal of such operation is not only to increase a volume of the breast lower pole, but also to cover the implant maximally using soft tissues to achieve a normal lower pole contour. To date, a number of surgical techniques have been proposed to address these problems, such as C. Puckett and M. Concannon (1990), L. Ribeiro (1998), E. Muti (1996), A. Mandrekas (2003) and their modern modifications. Fat grafting techniques in treatment of tubular breast are also getting popular, but all have some drawbacks. Conclusions. A high level of complications and the absence of a universal method for correction of tubular breast type II are preconditions for improving the surgical technique to correct this pathology.

Aim. Coronary stenting is the evidence-based treatment approach of stable angina. The objective was to determine the incidence of restenosis or atherosclerosis progression which led to the need for coronary angiography according to a single center registry data. Materials and methods. The procedure and clinical data of 3732 (2897 males) consecutive stable coronary artery disease patients undergoing coronary stenting, over five years between March 2010 and September 2014, were subject of this study. Over the next 4 years, 1487 (1173 males) patients were re-evaluated due to angina reoccurrence. 699 patients demonstrated the indications for coronary angiography. Results. The restenosis of the previously stented segment was detected in 84 (12%) cases, the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in 306 (44%), the combination of restenosis and atherosclerosis progression in 63 (9%), and the absence of these complications in 245 (35%) cases. The progression of coronary atherosclerosis was the leading indication for the repeat angiography and revascularization (44 and 58%, respectively); p0.05. The basal level of hsCRP2 mg/l had a prognostic significance for the development of combined event (the restenosis and atherosclerosis progression): AUC 0.65 (0.500.75), OR 3.0 (1.17.9), p0.05. Conclusion. The progression of coronary atherosclerosis was the leading indication for the repeat angiography and repeat revascularization during 2 years after coronary stenting. The hsCRP level 2 mg/l at baseline had a prognostic significance for the development of restenosis in previously stented segment and coronary atherosclerosis progression.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is detectable in more than 25% of the adult population and is generally clinically insignificant. However, it can be a cause of paradoxical embolism in some cases. Randomized trials indicate that endovascular PFO closure in patients with a history of cryptogenic stroke is an effective method for the secondary prevention of catastrophic brain damage.Objective: to study the safety and efficiency of endovascular PFO closure in young patients with a history of cryptogenic stroke.Patients and methods. Sixty-two patients, including (22 males and 40 females) women, underwent percutaneous PFO closure in May 2018 to March 2020. The patients' mean age was 37.4±7.6 years. The inclusion criteria were a prior cryptogenic ischemic stroke lasting less than 12 months and PFO with a high risk for paradoxical embolism (PFO concurrent with atrial septal aneurysm or hypermobility; PFO, ≥2 mm size; the presence of the Chiari network and/or the Eustachian valve).Results and discussion. The technical success of the operation was achieved in all cases. In 50 (80.6%) patients, the right chamber of the heart was completely isolated from the left one in the first 3 months. During the first year, the atria were also completely isolated in 10 (16.1%) patients. A left-to-right shunt persisted in 2 (3.2%) patents 12 months later. Two patients were found to have main procedural complications: one had perioperative atrial fibrillation and the other had pseudoaneurysm formation at the puncture site.Conclusion. Endovascular PFO closure is a safe and effective operation for the secondary prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke. In our study, blood shunting through the PFO was stopped in 96.6% of patients at less than 6 months after surgery, which suggests that there is a rapid and effective reduction in the risk of paradoxical embolism.

The aim of the work was to analyze the market of diagnostic tests and test systems that are in circulation in Ukraine. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, electronic and paper official sources of information were used, as well as pharmacy websites. The search, analytical, systematic, comparative and statistical methods and methods of mathematical and logical analysis were used in the work. Results. Analysis of the modern market of diagnostic tests and test systems were allowed to establish the range and brand structure (90 manufacturers). The vast majority of them are outside Ukraine (85.5 %). Among foreign producers, the largest importer is China (19.5 %). In the course of work to determine the level of competition between manufacturers of similar groups of tests and test systems set the coefficient of tension. To determine the level of availability, price liquidity and solvency adequacy ratios were calculated. Conclusion. The Ukrainian market of diagnostic tests and test systems was studied. It was established that the company structure consists of 90 manufacturers and 20 countries. The vast majority of products come from importing countries (85.5 %), where the leader is China (19.5 %). Analysis of competitiveness showed that the greatest competition was observed among companies that produce tests to determine pregnancy, glucose, ketones, nitrites and protein in the blood and urine (Kvi = 0.96), and there was no test manufacturers for sperm testing (Kvi = 0). The calculated price liquidity and adequacy of solvency ratios indicate high price competition and low availability for some groups of diagnostic tests and test systems.

The OBJECTIVE of this scientific research was to study risk factors, frequency and consequences of acute kidney injury (AKI) after open surgery on the abdominal aorta.METHODS AND MATERIALS. Outcome of surgical interventions in 65 patients were analyzed. AKI was detected in 11 of them; in rest 54 cases, AKI was not registered. The features of the perioperative period, kidney injury markers (creatinine, diuresis, urine), and the comorbidity were evaluated.RESULTS. The initial changes in renal activity, the emergency of intervention, hemodynamic instability, especially after more than 1000 ml perioperative blood loss, the presence of operations for multilevel peripheral arterial disease (MPAD) negatively affected on the AKI occurrence.CONCLUSION. Post-surgical AKI after infrarenal aortic interventions were observed more often in patients with previous kidney insufficiency, as well as after emergency interventions, in cases of hemodynamic instability.

Aim. To study nicorandil prescription effects before elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to prevent myocardial injury and 4a type acute myocardial infarction (MI, primary endpoint) and cardiovascular events (CVE) in the first year after PCI (secondary endpoint) in patients with stable coronary artery disease.Material and methods. 182 patients with stable coronary artery disease were included into the study and were randomized into two groups: nicorandil treatment group (n=90) and a control group with a standard medical treatment (n=92). Nicorandil was prescribed orally: 2 days before PCI – 30 mg/day; on the day of PCI – 20 mg 2 hours before intervention and 10 mg 6-12 hours after PCI; over the next 30 days – 30 mg/day. High sensitivity troponin I (hs-Tr) and creatine kinase-MB tests were carried out before PCI, 24 and 72 hours after the intervention; the 4a type MI was diagnosed according to the 4th Universal Definition. Non-fatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, death from cardiovascular diseases, repeat revascularization (PCI, coronary artery bypass surgery due to aggravation), hospital admissions for angina pectoris recurrence (without interventions) and death from any causes were considered as cardiovascular events. Data on adverse outcomes were collected over the hospital stay, and then 30, 180 and 365 days after the hospital discharge.Results. 4a type MI was diagnosed in 14 patients (8%), in women – 12% and in men – 6%. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of type 4a MI in the nicorandil group (n=3; 3%) compared with the control group (n=11; 12%; p=0.05). Secondary endpoint was recorded in 21% of patients. The relationship was found between 4a type MI and the incidence of CVE the next year after the PCI (p=0.01). In patients with type 4a MI CVE odd ratio increases 5.8 times with confidence interval from 1.5426 to 21.6024. According to the logistic regression analysis the significant relationship between hs-Tr growth 24 hours after the PCI and CVE incidence next year after the PCI was found with cutting value 389.8 pg/ml, AUC=0.641 (p=0.04).Сonclusion. Peroral nicorandil 30 mg/day 2 days before PCI, 20 mg 2 hours before surgery and 10 mg 6-12 hours after PCI, and 30 mg/day next 30 days after PCI decreases the risk of intraoperative myocardial injury and CVE in the next year after PCI.

The paper describes three clinical cases of ischemic stroke (IS) in the presence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in young women. The first patient has experienced two episodes of focal neurological deficit related to physical exercise. A cerebellar stroke focus was visualized by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). During emotional stress, the second patient having migraine with aura developed transient weakness in the right extremities, and a stroke focus was verified in the left parietal lobe. The third patient suddenly had facial asymmetry and left arm numbness after awakening in the morning. The patient underwent intravenous thrombolysis; control brain MRI revealed a right parietal lobe stroke. Standard examinations of all the patients established no cause of IS. Transcranial Doppler with a bubble test and subsequent transesophageal echocardiography revealed PFO that was regarded as clinically significant. Endovascular occlusion was successfully accomplished in all the patients. The paper discusses the problems of secondary prevention of PFO-related stroke and proposes an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Recently, there has been a positive trend to reduce mortality from myocardial infarction. One of the reasons for such dynamics is the development of angiographic service in our country and the increase in the number of primary percutaneous coronary interventions. One of the most serious complications of endovascular interventions affecting the prognosis is the development of the phenomenon of slow or unrecoverable blood flow (≪slow/no-reflow≫ phenomenon). The reason for the development of this phenomenon is associated, first of all, with distal embolization by thrombotic masses and fragments of atherosclerotic plaque. In order to prevent this complication, manual thromboextraction was developed – the aspiration of thrombotic masses from the infarct-related artery. The manual thrombus aspiration has not been proven effective in a number of large randomized trials. In addition to the lack of influence on the prognosis, the method of manual thrombus aspiration significantly more often led to the development of ischemic strokes and currently should not be routinely carried out. Another method of preventing the phenomenon of delayed or unrecoverable blood flow is the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors which is, in contrast to the instrumental method, effective and relatively safe. According to a number of large randomized trials, drug treatment of this complication influences life expectancy in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. At a time when there is already a meta-analysis on the routine use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors during primary percutaneous coronary intervention and their positive impact on survival, in our country, unfortunately, the importance of these drugs is underestimated and according to the register they are used only in 3% of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. This review presents studies and comparisons of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors existing on the market.

Aim. To study predictors of radial artery occlusion (RAO) and ways to prevent it after interventions using radial access.Material and methods. The study consisted of prospective and retrospective parts. The total number of included patients was 2284. Patients undergoing interventions by radial access in various medical organizations were retrospectively considered. The prospective study included 1284 patients who were subject to interventional treatment. Patients were randomized into two groups as follows: in group 1, hemostasis was performed within 4 hours, in group 2 — >6 hours. All patients underwent a bedside Barbeau test with a pulse oximeter and an ultrasound of access arteries to determine the radial artery patency/occlusion.Results. The RAO rate in the retrospective part was 21,8%, while in the prospective one — 10,1% with long-term hemostasis and 1,4% with short-term hemostasis (p