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Disease emergence has become a main limiting factor in aquaculture. The massive application of antibiotics as disease therapy has been resulting in the adverse effects of environment, host and consumers. Ethyl acetate leaf extract of A.marina has recorded high biological activity. Crude extract has showed the antibacterial activity of range 3.2 ± 0.8 mm against B.subtilis to 5.7 ± 0.7 mm against A.hydrophila, DPPH; 15.9 ± 0.7 AAE µg/ml to 79.4 ± 1.0 AAE µg/ml and FRAP; 6.4 ± 1.3 AAE µg/ml to 127.3 ± 1.3 AAE µg/ml. The mass spectral results revealed the presence of thioacetic acid, methyl thio ethane, 1-Fluoro-2-propanone, Isopropanethiol. CAT and SOD levels of ethyl acetate extract treated fingerlings was: crude; 15.5 ± 1.0 units/mg of protein and 13 ± 0.9 units/mg of protein, purified 18.3 ± 0.5 units/mg of protein and 16.9 ± 1.1 units/mg of protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

As a natural remedy to combat bacterial diseases that arise during intensive farming practices in aquaculture, extracts of milky mangrove (Excoecaria agallocha) leaves were prepared using acetone, diethyl ether, petroleum ether, and water. Among these, petroleum ether extract has shown the highest bactericidal and antioxidant potency. This extract was purified using column chromatography and preparative TLC and further characterized using mass spectroscopy (MS). The results from MS confirmed the presence of 4-methylumbelliferone, pinellic acid, 1,2,9,10-tetramethoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4 H-dibenzo[de,g]quinolin-3-yl) methanol, and 10-hydroxy-camptothecin, which have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential. Moreover, the efficiency of the extract was assessed by conducting in vivo studies on P. aeruginosa-infected Labeo rohita fingerlings. Among the five groups considered under study, Groups 4 and 5, which were treated with crude and purified extracts, recovered with 88% and 100% survival rates and also showed elevated levels of antioxidant (CAT and SOD) enzymes in the liver after the experimental period. Thus, the present investigation substantiates E. agallocha extract as an alternative medicine for existing drugs to treat bacterial infections in fishes owing to its antibacterial and antioxidant activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Music is universal and is present in all cultures and capable of conveying emotions irrespective of verbal content. The present study was conducted to understand the impact of music on brain with real-time monitoring of EEG changes in patients with moderate-to-severe neuronal dysfunction. In this prospective study, adult patients who had brain trauma and unconscious were considered for the study. Two different music pieces were selected to give music experience. One is Revathi raga with Upanishads' stands. Another is Ragamalika, an instrumental music piece comprising various Carnatic ragas. For EEG recording, electrode montage was done according to international 10-20 system. After music experience, again EEG recording was done without music. Comparison of EEG activity during different musical pieces was not considered. A total of six adults were studied. During the time of music session, there was no change in the EEG at other channels, but at T6 electrode, EEG did not have the arc like fast theta. That fast theta was disappeared in T6 electrode and it was suppressed like a contralateral sided electrode. After the music session (post music session), the EEG is back to baseline, but the temporal arc like fast theta speed was decreased (2-4 seconds per page). In this case series, we observed that in one case, there was appearance of slow activity in EEG. However, there is a need for larger studies to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Pre-communicating or A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery (A1ACA) hypoplasia can negotiate the anterior cerebral circulation. Not many studies have been examined the association of hypoplastic A1ACA and cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS). In this study the authors' want to accomplish the relationship between hypoplastic A1ACA and outcomes among the patients with CIS in Andhra Pradesh population of India. Retrospective review of prospectively identified 201 adult patients with CIS from 2015 to 2017 was achieved. Patients underwent 3.0T intracranial magnetic resonance angiography were compared with clinical and radiological aspects between male and female cases of A1ACA hypoplasia with associated variations in the circle of Willis. The obtained data was statistically analysed using SPSS software version 16.0 for Windows and P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Chi-square test was applied to find out the association between the sex and incidence of hypoplastic A1ACA. Sixty-four of 201 patients with A1ACA hypoplasia with no aplastic cases were recorded. It was found to be more in males than females and common on right than left side. Frequent neurological indications such as headache, dizziness, visual instability, nausea, weakness of extremities and seizure were noted and most cases were associated with CIS. Hypoplastic A1ACA often associated with ischemia of terminal branches of ipsilateral ACA which is compromised by the blood flow via contralateral ACA. In this study, though the CIS is not directly related to hypoplastic A1ACA, any alterations in A1 segment is a considerable risk factor of stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Medullary cavernomas only contribute to 5% of brain stem cavernomas, various clinical presentations for medullary cavernomas have been described like intractable hiccups, dysphagia, hemiparesis, anorexia nervosa and hemi hypesthesia. Exact pathomechanism for developing sensory symptoms has not been described earlier. Pressure effects due to changing dynamics in this cavernous malformation resulting in mass effect over the traversing sensory tract fibers is the possible mechanism. Differentials of cavernoma should be considered for any case presenting with hemihypesthesia. Surgery should be done only when there is appropriate indication, as surgery itself causes significant morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

"Eight-and-a-half" syndrome is "one-and-a-half" syndrome (conjugated horizontal gaze palsy and internuclear ophthalmoplegia) plus ipsilateral fascicular cranial nerve seventh palsy. This rare condition, particularly when isolated, is caused by circumscribed lesions of the pontine tegmentum involving the abducens nucleus, the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus, and the adjacent facial colliculus. Its recognition is therefore of considerable diagnostic value. We report a case of a 65-year-old man who presented with eight-and-a-half syndrome in which brain magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a lacunar pontine infarction., (Copyright © 2014 National Stroke Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...

Thousands of novel compounds have been isolated from various marine bacteria and tested for pharmacological properties, many of which are commercially available. Many more are being tested as potential bioactive compound at the preclinical and clinical stages. The growing interest in marine-derived antiviral compounds, along with the development of new technology in marine cultures and extraction, will significantly expedite the current exploration of the marine environment for compounds with significant pharmacological applications, which will continue to be a promising strategy and new trend for modern medicine. Marine actinomycetes and cyanobacteria are a prolific but underexploited source for the discovery of novel secondary metabolites., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...

Marine fish is a major source of high-quality protein, lipids, and a wide variety of vitamins and minerals. These macromolecules and their derivatives show different pharmacological activities, which make the fish as a therapeutic diet. Modern technology has made it easy to explore the therapeutic importance of fish-based diet on cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, radicals-mediated diseases, and cancer. In this review, we focus on exploration of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, and their derivatives from marine fish as a major source for bioactive compounds and their medicinal importance., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...