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Background: Perinatal mental health issues affect approximately 10% of women in high-income countries and 30% in low- or middle-income countries. This review aims to determine the prevalence of perinatal depression among mothers and fathers in Pakistan and identify associated risk factors.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. We included quantitative studies on the prevalence or incidence of maternal and paternal perinatal depression, including antenatal or postnatal depression in Pakistan, with or without associated risk factors. We performed an electronic search, dual-title/abstract and full-text screening, and data extraction. Analysis was conducted on Revman and JBI SUMARI software. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the NHLBI tool. This review updated a previously published review that included 43 studies, with the last search date of 31st May 2019, now extended to literature published up to June 30, 2023.Results: Consistent with the previous review, our analysis of 61 studies indicated a pooled prevalence of 37% (95% confidence interval (CI): 30.6–43.6) for maternal antenatal depression. Postnatal depression at different time points, revealed rates of 34.2% (95% CI: 22.7–46.7), 40.9% (95% CI: 0–97.4), and 43.1% (95% CI: 24.4–62.9) at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Paternal postnatal depression was observed at 40.5% (95% CI: 14.9–69) based on two studies. Risk factors for maternal perinatal depression include multiparity, contraceptive failure, inadequate antenatal care, pregnancy-induced hypertension, previous psychiatric illness, passive smoking, drug abuse, low socio-economic status, marital problems, family hardships, recent bereavement, housing difficulties, food insecurity, husband's illiteracy, his unemployment, and being blamed for child disability.Conclusion: The findings reveal a high prevalence of perinatal depression among mothers with very limited evidence of fathers residing in Pakistan, emphasising the need for prospective studies addressing mental health challenges.Registration: This review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023442581).

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Nowadays, the growth of multimedia content over the web is exponential. The fingerprints are inconspicuously embedded in multimedia content. The fingerprints can be exploited to trace divergent information from multimedia resources. Sampling fingerprints, particularly from multimedia resources, is challenging since they are complex, heterogeneous, and diverse. This research proposed an approach to sample fingerprints from multimedia resources. Our approach partitions the multimedia content space into converged clusters using variations of Canberra distance and identifies the most diverged samples using Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. The resultant clusters represent the information belonging to particular concepts and the diverged samples within the clusters represent multimedia fingerprints. The fingerprint sampling process is leveraged using unsupervised learning algorithms, instantiated across various multimedia descriptors, and tested over standard multimedia datasets. The average results obtained over various standard visual and acoustic datasets reveal 80%, 77%, and 78% accuracy, precision, and recall, respectively, surpassing most of the existing baseline clustering methods such as K-Means, Mean-Shift, and DBSCAN. Furthermore, the rigorousness of the proposed algorithm clustering is evaluated using the internal clustering stability silhouette coefficient and the fingerprint diversity scores. The results unveil a maximum of 94% diversity score. The proposed variation of Canberra distance and KL divergence provides the most stable performance (SD=0.02) and creates promising implications in future multimedia retrieval, summarization, and exploration activities.

This paper describes new structures for stability-enhancing excitation controllers designed using a nonlinear multi-machine system model and Lyapunov's direct method. Two control structures are presented: a hierarchical structure in which the AVR is the master controller and the PSS the slave controller and a traditional structure in which the PSS constitutes a supplementary loop to the main AVR. Both controllers are shown to be robust, as the damping they introduce into the system is insensitive to changes in both the system topology/parameters and the pattern of network flows. Each individual controller contributes positively to the overall system damping with no undesirable interaction between controllers. These features should allow a decentralized approach to the design of the AVR + PSS. Such a design approach is compatible with the new competitive market structures and should result in savings on commissioning costs. Simulation results for a multi-machine power system are presented that confirm the above and show that the two control structures are very effective in damping both local and inter-area power swings. Index Terms--Power system control, power system stability, synchronous generator excitation.

Wheat is the main crop in the world ranks after rice and the largest grain source of Pakistan. Among several reasons for diminishing wheat yield in Pakistan, water stress throughout the growing season decreases crop production because of the short life span. Two years (2015–16 and 2016–17) of field experiments were conducted to assess the impact of various water regimes (full irrigation, irrigation at 45, 60, and 75 mm potential soil moisture deficit (PSMD)) on the growth and yield of wheat. Maximum crop growth rate was recorded by application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD. Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensured maximum radiation use efficiency regarding total dry matter production and grain yield. The maximum number of productive tillers, spike length, and grain yield were recorded under 45 mm PSDM treatment. The present results show that the effect of water is more pronounced regarding the growth and productivity of wheat. Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensures higher economical yield. HIGHLIGHTS Physiological availability of water to plants is a key factor in crop production in the world.; Potential soil moisture deficit (PSMD) is a useful approach to save water.; Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensures higher economical yield.;

Dengue fever is among the most dangerous infectious viral diseases transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes. One way to decline the spread of dengue is by raising awareness to the community about mosquito habitats through continuous surveillance. The traditional surveillance techniques of Aedes Aegypti are difficult, time taking, and can lead to severe health risks. This paper presents a possible way of dengue vector surveillance through acoustic signals generated by wingbeat of Aedes Aegypti using the sequential model of convolutional neural network. Mel-frequency spectrum is given as an input feature to the sequential model that significantly improves classification performance up to 93% accuracy. The system generates notification through a specially designed mobile application to alert detected dengue vectors in the region. It is helpful in continuous monitoring of dengue vectors to take early precautionary measures for effective control and prevention.

مُقَدِّمة: يعتبر الإسهال سبباً رئيسيّاً للمراضة والوفيّات حول العالم، خاصّة في البلدان النّامية. ولايزال دور الزّنك الفموي في علاج الإسهال الحادّ مثاراً للجدل. الهدف: تهدف الدّراسة الحاليّة لتقييم دور الزّنك الفموي في تقصير مدّة الإسهال الحادّ وتواتر البراز وتحسين قوام البراز وتقصير مدّة الاستشفاء. الطّرائق: شملت الدّراسة 48 طفلاً مستشفياً في قسم الأطفال في مشفى تشرين الجّامعي في اللاذقيّة في الفترة 2020-2021م، وذلك بعد تطبيق معايير الاستبعاد. تمّ تقسيم المرضى إلى مجموعتين تلقّت كلاهما سوائل إماهة مع تعليمات التّغذية الخاصّة بالإسهال الحادّ, وأُضيفَ للمجموعة الأولى زنك فموي بجرعة 10 ملغ للأطفال بعمر أقل من 6 أشهر، و 20ملغ للأطفال فوق ال 6 أشهر، وذلك لمدّة عشرة أيّام. تمّ مراقبة المرضى يوميّا مع تسجيل معلومات مفصّلة على استمارة البحث. النّتائج: أظهرت الدّراسة وجود فروقات ذات دلالة إحصائيّة هامّة لصالح مجموعة الزّنك فيما يتعلّق بمدّة الإسهال والاستشفاء (2.35±0.5 لمجموعة الزّنك مقابل 3.29±0.8 لمجموعة الشّاهد، 0.001: P.V) وكذلك كلّ من تواتر البراز (من 1.6±7.95 إلى 0.9±2.70 لمجموعة الزّنك في اليوم الثالث للعلاج، ومن 1.2±7.33 إلى 1.3±3.95 لمجموعة الشاهد، P value= 0.001)، وقوامه (القوام الصلب تم ملاحظته في مجموعة الشّاهد في يوم المتابعة الرابع بنسبة 70.8% مقابل 95.8% في مجموعة الزّنك). الخُلاصة: وجدت الدّراسة أنّ للزّنك فائدة علاجيّة للإسهال الحادّ من خلال التّقليل من مدّته وشدّته عند الأطفال السّوريين.