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This study aims to explore Saudi students’ entrepreneurial orientation (EO) toward e-businesses in the line of achieving the strategic objectives of Saudi Vision 2030. Saudi Vision 2030 (hereafter, Vision 2030) is a strategic framework to attain the sustainable development of Saudi Arabia. It was first announced by Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman in April 2016. Authors have proposed a Saudi Vision Linkages Model to show the role and importance of university education (UE) and entrepreneurial culture in fulfilling the specific requirements of the Saudi labor market to attain the ultimate strategic objectives of Vision 2030. The authors also proposed a conceptual model of the study to depict the relationships of EO with their entrepreneurial intention toward online businesses (e-EI). The study used a multidimensional model of the EO where three subdimensions, namely risk-taking propensities (RTP), innovativeness (INV), and pro-activeness (P-ACT), are used. The conceptual model of the study also shows UE and gender (GEN) as moderating variables. The authors used convenience sampling to collect cross-sectional data and conducted an online survey among the students at Saudi Electronic University (SEU) using a 5-point Likert-type scale to collect the data through a questionnaire, observing a total of 17 items and 408 filled questionnaires were received. Authors proposed six hypotheses where four hypotheses build the direct relations, namely, RTP (H1), INV (H2), P-ACT (H3), and UE (H4) with e-EI and hypotheses H5 and H6 are further divided into the subhypotheses, respectively, in H5a, H5b, H5c and H6a, H6b, H6c to show the moderating effect of UE (H5) and GEN (H6). SmartPLS 4.0 software is used to apply structural equation modeling for the analysis of data. Reliability, composite validity, discriminant validity, and model-fit indices of the measurement model are assessed before running a bootstrapping to measure the significance and standardized β estimates of the paths of hypotheses (structural model analysis). After analyzing the results, in the suggestions section, the authors have suggested that the university build a university business incubator for the students to promote entrepreneurial activities on all the campuses with a head office in the Riyadh campus.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death all around the world. The natural compounds derived from the endophytic flora of fungi are possible solutions to cancer treatment because they are safe for health, cost-effective, biocompatible and have fewer toxicity issues. The active ingredients in endophytic fungi that are responsible for anti-cancer activities are alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, saponin, peptides, steroids, phenols, quinones, and flavonoids. This review highlights the anti-cancer activities of entophytic fungus against human papillary thyroid carcinoma (IHH4), human pancreatic (PANC-1), ovarian (OVCAR-3), hepatic (HepG2), lung (A-549), human lymphoma (U937), human skin carcinoma (A431), breast (MCF-7), and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The emerging evidence suggested that bioactive compounds isolated from endophytic fungi showed their anti-cancer activities by revealing the disturbance of the microtubule network caused by increased levels of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins that triggers cell cycle arrest at the G2-M phase, by inhibiting the DNA replication via binding with topoisomerase II, by regulating the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and NF-kB, by evaluating the levels of p21, p27, and cyclins B/D1/E that led to cell death by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. This review will assist readers in better comprehending bioactive chemicals and the beneficial interaction between the fungal endophytes and medicinal plants.

This paper reviews the literature on perishable food cold-chain management (FCCM) in order to assess its current state, pinpoint its knowledge gaps, and suggest a framework for addressing the issues faced by this industry. This work examines 103 academic articles on the topic of the perishable food supply chain published in various journals between 2001 and 2022. Research publications were selected from two reputed databases—Scopus and Web of Science. The study finds that the current trend in FCCM is toward sustainable FCCM, which offers financial, ecological, and social benefits. However, sustainable FCC practices are more common in wealthy nations but are still lacking in developing countries. High lead times, costs, waste, order returns, complaints, and dissatisfied consumers are the results of a fragmented market and the associated proliferation of chain intermediates. The authors have also developed a conceptual framework based on the findings that illustrates the interconnected nature of the food cold-chain facilities, collaboration among food cold-chain (FCC) stakeholders, concern among FCC stakeholders, economic enhancement, fulfilment of FCC stakeholders’ responsibilities, and overall functioning of the FCC. This study may be helpful to FCC professionals, food regulators, government authorities, and researchers because it gives a concise picture of the state of research in the field.

The COVID-19 pandemic has induced a sudden shift from work in an office setting to work from home. The flexibility and job autonomy achieved through telecommuting ought to facilitate positive outcomes among employees. Apart from a few contradicting studies, telecommuting literature predominantly revolves around the positive aspects of working from home. However, the number of employees voluntarily leaving their jobs has increased since “the great resignation” in March 2021. Therefore, building upon the conservation of resource theory and the job demands and resources framework, the current study tests the influence of specific job resources, job autonomy (JA), and perceived organizational support (POS) on employees’ intention to stay (IS) directly and indirectly through a unique serial mediation pathway of psychological capital (PsyCap) and work–life balance (WLB). The results affirmed that JA and POS have a positive association with employees’ IS. Moreover, PsyCap and WLB were also found serially mediating the direct association between JA, POS, and employees’ IS. The current study’s findings offer valuable insights for HR managers on the relevance of specific job resources and the role of psychological capital in controlling attrition rates. The findings of this study could be helpful for HR managers to design measures to reduce attrition rates and foster work–life balance and positive outcomes among employees. This study is among the first to instrument the indirect role (serial mediation) of PsyCap between job resources, WLB, and employees’ IS, thus significantly contributing to the literature.

Little is known about the genetic and morphological characters of Paramphistomum epiclitum. For the first time in Pakistan, adult flukes were morphologically characterized and the sequence variation in the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region, including the first internal transcribed spacers (ITS1) and the 5.8S gene of the Paramphistomum epiclitum were studied. Adult amphistomes were examined by light microscopy and sequences of ITS1 and 5.88S rDNA genes were obtained. Twenty adult flukes were measured, 13.17 ± 1.19 mm in length and 5.28 ± 1.34 mm in width. Seventeen adult flukes were sequenced and high sequence variability was observed in 5′ end of ITS1 region. The 5.8S and 3′ end of ITS1 sequences had 100% identity among the samples. A comparative analysis revealed that different types and numbers of repeats were found within each ITS1 region. The 3′ end of ITS1 region from P. epiclitum showed 98% homology with P. cervi from China and formed a subclade with genetic distance of 0.1663. The 5.8S gene showed 100% identity within Paramphistomidae family and formed a sub-clade with P. epiclitum, P. leydeni, P. cervi and Cotylophoron cotylophorum species isolated from China, India and Uruguay. This work provides new information on morphological identity and genetics of P. epiclitum from Pakistan.

This paper is a review of generating electricity from Thar coal and analysis effective usage reserves of coal in Pakistan. The country had faced enormous crises from 1947 to till today. According to the (EIA), the coal was inexpensive and primary source of energy. With economic growth the demand of electricity has exceeded the supply by 6000MW in 2010 causing load shedding in 2011.This has slowed down the economic growth. Thar coal can alone produce 5000MW electricity for the next 800 years. It is found that coal is an efficient estimator than other energy resources. The effects of energy generation through coal elements like hydro, nuclear, oil, gas were selected and its impact on economic growth has been evaluated in the study. The secondary data in this paper has been taken and results analyzed according. Coal and energy resources are independent variables besides electricity is dependent variable. The method of least square is used on the basis of 13observations.

DNA barcoding is a new master key for species identification and has greatly accelerated the pace of species discovery. In this novel and cost-effective technique, a short DNA sequence from a standard region of mitochondrial "CO1" gene called "barcode" is used. At present, researchers all over the world are utilizing this powerful tool for investigating biodiversity, differentiating cryptic species, testing food authenticity, identifying parasites, vectors, insect pests, and predators, monitoring of illegal trade of animals and their products, and identifying forensically important insects. In addition, this technique can potentially be used to monitor quality of drinking water, quickly identify the indicator species of lakes, rivers, and streams, identify species with harmful attributes or medicinal properties, monitor smuggling of endangered plants and animals and their products, and disease investigations. Despite non-favorable criticism from a few researchers, DNA barcoding has achieved immense popularity in the scientific community, especially among biologists. The present review provides an overview of DNA barcoding and its practical applications. The limitation, future prospective and main informative platforms for DNA barcoding have also been discussed.