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Objective: To establish demographics of OSCC patients presenting to a major tertiary care hospital and identify different potential risk factors. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Mayo Hospital Lahore. Period: July 2021 to July 2022. Material & Methods: A total of 86 patients were included in the study. The diagnosis of OSCC was histo-pathologically confirmed. Patients of both gender and all ages were included in the study and a standard questionnaire was developed to collect data including bio-data, demographics and history of illicit habits. Results: Out of 86 patients 75.58% (n=65) were males and 24.41% (n=21) patients were females. The mean age of the patients was 47.02 years. Male to female ratio was 3.6:1. Well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was most common (53.48%), Majority presented with stage 4 disease. Highest proportion of the patients (29.6%) was having no obvious predisposing factor. Most commonly involved site was tongue followed by buccal mucosa. Conclusion: The disease trends are changing in our population, as the disease is increasingly affecting younger age group, tongue is now increasing being involved more commonly as in majority of the previous studies the incidence of OSCC of buccal mucosa was much higher, the incidence of OSCC without any obvious risk factor is increasing which needs further investigation.

Objective: To inquire the oral cancer awareness among general medical and general dental professionalsand their knowledge of early detection and prevention of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Study design: cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Oral and maxillofacial surgery Department King Edward Medical University from 5th November 2019 to 5th February 2020. Methodology: A questionnaire was given to dental and medical practitioners and their responses were included in the results. This study was done in three months’ period from 5th November 2019 to 5th February 2020 after ethical approval from institutional review board. Results:The questions were given back by 57 general medical practitioners and by 40 general dental practitioners, producing return rates of 38% GMPs and 26.66% GDPs respectively. The questions were answered by 93 GMPs and by 110 GDPs producing rates of 62% GMPs and 73.33% GDPs respectively. Conclusion: Patients suffering from oral pathologies often go to their general medical practitioner and dental practitioners. The number of patientsof squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity are rising in the Pakistan, hence general medical and general dental practitioners need to play significant role. This study talks mainly about the on the need for improvement in awareness about oral squamous cell carcinoma. Keywords: oral cancer, awareness, risk factors

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosis of infectious maxillofacial/swelling. Study Design: Simple Cross Sectional study. Setting: Outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore. Period: February 2016 to August 2016. Material & Methods: Conducted on 100 patients. The patients were evaluated with the ultrasound diagnostic modality. The ultrasound interpretation of all the cases was done and best possible diagnosis was made and recorded regarding diagnosis of infectious maxillofacial swellings. The incisional biopsy of every patient was done for histopathology. All findings of ultrasound and histopathology were entered to a proforma. Results: The average age of the patients was 35.81±14.31 years. In this study, 63% patients were males and 37% were females. Out of 100 patients, 70(70%) patients had infectious swelling while 30(30%) did not have infectious swelling. The sensitivity of ultrasonography was calculated as 84.72%, specificity was 67.86%, positive predictive value was 87.14%, negative predictive value was 63.33% and diagnostic accuracy was noted as 80% taking histopathology as gold standard. Conclusion: It was concluded from results of this study that ultrasonography has enough diagnostic accuracy to diagnose infectious swellings of maxillofacial region.

Aim: To investigate the etiology, gender distribution and presenting complaints associated with zygomatic fractures Method: This cross sectional study was done in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of King Edward Medical University from April to D3ecember 2019. Patient data was collected from OPD and analysed with SPSS. Results: We analyzed the data of 162 patients with zygomatic bone fracture. Out of this 148 were male and 14 were females. There were bilateral cases, more affecting right side of face and affecting left side of face. The most common etiology was road traffic accident followed by interpersonal violence and occupational injuries. When we consider presenting complaints 87 patients came with difficulty in chewing, 45 with limited mouth opening, 23 with depressed malar eminence and only 7 patients with nerve paraesthesia. Conclusion: Considering the geographic and cultural indices of the evaluated population, it can be concluded that the patients gender and trauma causes significantly affect the prevalence of zygomatic bone fracture Keywords: Zygomatic bone, nerve paraesthesia, limited mouth opening

Aim: to explore the mandibular bone fractures in elderly patients with reference to etiology of trauma. Methodology: This was a descriptive study conducted in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery KEMU/ Mayo Hospital Lahore. Elderly patients (age 60-100years) with mandibular bone fractures. Results: Aetiology of trauma leading to mandibular fractures was as follows; there were 79(65.83%) cases of RTA, 32(26.66%) falls, 4(3.33%) assaults and there were only 3(2.5%) cases of industrial injury. Conclusion: To conclude, this study depicts that road traffic accidents were the predominant cause of injury in the studied age group. Elderly patients need more care and attention, especially after traumatic incidents and lead to financial burden in hospitals Keywords: Maxillofacial trauma, Elderly population, Mandibular injuries, Elderly fractures

Objective: To determine the frequency of occult cervical metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of maxillofacial surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from July 31st, 2015 to January 31st, 2016 on 100 patients of oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) having clinically and radiologically negative nodes. Prophylactic functional neck dissection was done in each patient and was sent to the pathology lab for evaluation of any occult metastasis. Results: Overall frequency of occult cervical metastasis was found to be 27%. In 41(41 %) specimens of SCC of tongue, 13(31.7%) had occult metastasis. In Alveolar mucosa occult metastasis was found in 4(20 %) out of 20(20 %) patients. In SCC of buccal mucosa occult metastasis was found in 10(29.4%) out of 34(34 %) patients. In SCC of lip no occult metastasis was detected. Conclusion: Within the boundaries of the present study, it is concluded that occult cervical metastasis was most frequent in cases of SCC tongue, whereas no occult cervical metastasis detected in SCC of lip. Key Words: Squamous cell carcinoma, cervical lymph nodes, prophylactic neck dissection, occult cervical metastasis. Continuous...