Search

Background: This study investigated the influence of oral microbial features on the trajectory of oral mucositis (OM) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Methods: OM severity was assessed and buccal swabs were collected at baseline, at the initiation of cancer treatment, weekly during cancer treatment, at the termination of cancer treatment, and after cancer treatment termination. The oral microbiome was characterized via the 16S ribosomal RNA V4 region with the Illumina platform. Latent class mixed‐model analysis was used to group individuals with similar trajectories of OM severity. Locally estimated scatterplot smoothing was used to fit an average trend within each group and to assess the association between the longitudinal OM scores and longitudinal microbial abundances. Results: Four latent groups (LGs) with differing patterns of OM severity were identified for 142 subjects. LG1 has an early onset of high OM scores. LGs 2 and 3 begin with relatively low OM scores until the eighth and 11th week, respectively. LG4 has generally flat OM scores. These LGs did not vary by treatment or clinical or demographic variables. Correlation analysis showed that the abundances of Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacterales, Bacteroidales, Aerococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Abiotrophia, and Prevotella_7 were positively correlated with OM severity across the four LGs. Negative correlation was observed with OM severity for a few microbial features: Abiotrophia and Aerococcaceae for LGs 2 and 3; Gammaproteobacteria and Proteobacteria for LGs 2, 3, and 4; and Enterobacterales for LGs 2 and 4. Conclusions: These findings suggest the potential to personalize treatment for OM. Plain Language Summary: Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and debilitating after effect for patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.Trends in the abundance of specific microbial features may be associated with patterns of OM severity over time.Our findings suggest the potential to personalize treatment plans for OM via tailored microbiome interventions. Trends in the abundance of specific microbial features were observed to be associated with patterns of oral mucositis (OM) severity over time. These findings suggest the potential to personalize treatment plans for OM via tailored microbiome interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and clinically impactful side effect of cytotoxic cancer treatment, particularly in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who undergo radiotherapy with or without concomitant chemotherapy. The etiology and pathogenic mechanisms of OM are complex, multifaceted and elicit both direct and indirect damage to the mucosa. In this narrative review, we describe studies that use various omics methodologies (genomics, transcriptomics, microbiomics and metabolomics) in attempts to elucidate the biological pathways associated with the development or severity of OM. Integrating different omics into multi-omics approaches carries the potential to discover links among host factors (genomics), host responses (transcriptomics, metabolomics), and the local environment (microbiomics). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomaterials research has significantly accelerated the development of the field of vascular and interventional radiology. The incorporation of nanoparticles with unique and functional properties into medical devices and delivery systems has paved the way for the creation of novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for various clinical disorders. In this review, we discuss the advancements in the field of interventional radiology and the role of nanotechnology in maximizing the benefits and mitigating the disadvantages of interventional radiology theranostic procedures. Several nanomaterials have been studied to improve the efficacy of interventional radiology interventions, reduce the complications associated with medical devices, improve the accuracy and efficiency of drug delivery systems, and develop innovative imaging modalities. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the development of medical devices and delivery systems that link nanotechnology in vascular and interventional radiology. This article is categorized under:Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic NanodevicesDiagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and ImagingTherapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as novel therapies for supporting arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation, and bioresorbable polymeric scaffolds have enabled sustained MSC delivery into maturing AVFs. However, the radiolucency of biopolymeric wraps prevents in vivo monitoring of their integrity and location, hindering long-term preclinical investigations., Methods: We infused bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) into polycaprolactone (PCL) to fabricate an electrospun perivascular wrap capable of MSC delivery and conducive to longitudinal monitoring using conventional imaging. We tested the wraps' effects on the attenuation of markers of neointimal hyperplasia (i.e., endothelial dysfunction, hypoxia, and inflammation), the leading cause of AVF failure, in rats with induced chronic kidney disease (n = 3 per time point) for the following groups: control (no wrap), PCL wrap, PCL with MSCs, PCL-Bi (BiNP-infused wrap), and PCL-Bi with MSCs., Results: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro biocompatibility tests revealed that BiNP infusion did not alter the wrap's non-cytotoxicity toward vascular cells, hemocompatibility, and capacity for MSC loading but facilitated long-term monitoring via micro-computed tomography. After 8 weeks, all treatment groups demonstrated significant improvement in wall-to-lumen ratio on ultrasonography (P < 0.001), neointima-to-lumen ratio on histomorphometry (P < 0.001), and attenuation of neointimal hypoxia on immunohistochemistry (P < 0.05). Compared to non-MSC wraps, MSC-loaded wraps not only attenuated endothelial dysfunction and neointimal inflammation but also reduced hypoxia and inflammation across all vascular layers., Conclusion: These results demonstrate that MSC delivery through a radiopaque polymeric wrap could enhance AVF patency outcomes through the inhibition of multiple pathways inducing AVF failure., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Nanomaterials research has significantly accelerated the development of the field of vascular and interventional radiology. The incorporation of nanoparticles with unique and functional properties into medical devices and delivery systems has paved the way for the creation of novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for various clinical disorders. In this review, we discuss the advancements in the field of interventional radiology and the role of nanotechnology in maximizing the benefits and mitigating the disadvantages of interventional radiology theranostic procedures. Several nanomaterials have been studied to improve the efficacy of interventional radiology interventions, reduce the complications associated with medical devices, improve the accuracy and efficiency of drug delivery systems, and develop innovative imaging modalities. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the development of medical devices and delivery systems that link nanotechnology in vascular and interventional radiology. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)