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We conducted the current analysis to determine the potential role of polio vaccination in the context of the spread of COVID-19. Data were extracted from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Global Health Observatory data repository regarding the polio immunization coverage estimates and correlated to the overall morbidity and mortality for COVID-19 among different countries. Data were analyzed using R software version 4.0.2. Mean and standard deviation were used to represent continuous variables while we used frequencies and percentages to represent categorical variables. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for continuous variables since they were not normally distributed. Moreover, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rho) was used to determine the relationship between different variables. There was a significantly positive correlation between the vaccine coverage (%) and both of total cases per one million populations (rho = 0.37; p-value < 0.001) and deaths per one million populations (rho = 0.30; p-value < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between different income groups and each of vaccine coverage (%) (rho = 0.71; p-value < 0.001), total cases per one million populations (rho = 0.50; p-value < 0.001), and deaths per one million populations (rho = 0.39; p-value < 0.001). All claims regarding the possible protective effect of Polio vaccination do not have any support when analyzing the related data. Polio vaccination efforts should be limited to eradicate the disease from endemic countries; however, there is no evidence to support the immunization with live-attenuated vaccines for the protection against COVID-19.

A protein undergoes many types of posttranslation modification. Citrullination is one of these modifications, where an arginine amino acid is converted to a citrulline amino acid. This process depends on catalytic enzymes such as peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes (PADs). This modification leads to a charge shift, which affects the protein structure, protein-protein interactions, and hydrogen bond formation, and it may cause protein denaturation. The irreversible citrullination reaction is not limited to a specific protein, cell, or tissue. It can target a wide range of proteins in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria. Citrullination is a normal reaction during cell death. Apoptosis is normally accompanied with a clearance process via scavenger cells. A defect in the clearance system either in terms of efficiency or capacity may occur due to massive cell death, which may result in the accumulation and leakage of PAD enzymes and the citrullinated peptide from the necrotized cell which could be recognized by the immune system, where the immunological tolerance will be avoided and the autoimmune disorders will be subsequently triggered. The induction of autoimmune responses, autoantibody production, and cytokines involved in the major autoimmune diseases will be discussed.

Aim: We conducted the current analysis to determine the potential role of measles vaccination in the context of the spread of COVID-19. Methods: Data were extracted from the world health organization’s (WHO) Global Health Observatory data repository about the measles immunization coverage estimates and correlated to overall morbidity and mortality for COVID-19 among different countries. Data were statistically analyzed to calculate the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rho). Result: There was no significant correlation between the measles vaccine coverage (%) and both of new cases per one million populations (rho= 0.21; p-value= 0.052) and deaths per one million populations (rho= 0.21; p-value< 0.080) (Figure 1; Figure 2). On further analysis of the effect of the first reported year of vaccination policy, there was no significant correlation with both total cases per one million populations (rho= 0.10; p-value= 0.361) and deaths per one million populations (rho= 0.17; p-value= 0.156). Conclusion: Claims regarding the possible protective effect of measles vaccination seem to be doubtful.

Dengue, West Nile and Zika virus belongs to the family flaviviridae and genus flavivirus. It is of interest to design and develop inhibitors with improved activity against these diseases. We used the helicases target to screen for potential inhibitors against these viruses using molecular docking analysis. NS3 helicases of flavivirus family of viruses such as Dengue, West Nile and Zika are prime targets for drug development. The computer aided molecular docking analysis of netropsin and novobiocin with the viral protein targets HABD, MTD and RCD is reported for further consideration.

Dengue disease (DENV) is the purpose behind dengue fever. It is a mosquito-borne single positive-stranded RNA contamination of the family Flaviviridae; sort Flavivirus. Dengue illness is a mosquito-borne making or re-rising pathogen. Its positive sense RNA genome has a top at the 5'- end and no poly(A) tail at the 3'- end. The viral RNA encodes a single polyprotein, C-M-E-NS1-NS2A-NS2B-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5. The polyprotein is prepared into three auxiliary proteins (C, M, and E) and seven nonstructural (NS) proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5). NS3 and NS5 are multifunctional chemicals performing different undertakings in the viral life cycle. The N-terminal area of NS5 has unmistakable GTP and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) restricting locales. The job of GTP restricting site is trapped in the guanylyltransferase (GTase) movement of NS5. We depict the development of the MTase space of NS5 in an E. coli articulation vector and conditions for enzymatic activity of N7-and 2'O-methyltransferase exercises that yield the last sort I 5'- topped RNA.