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Introduction and Aim:This study was conducted at a medical University in UAE to assess the risk of acquiring Varicella – a vaccine-preventable disease, by estimating antibody titers among the clinically exposed students to provide a scientific implementation of immunization guideline during admission to medical school. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 88 students in clinical years attending a medical college in the UAE. The students' demographics, vaccination data, and history of natural infection with vaccine-preventable communicable infectious diseases were collected, with more significance on Varicella. Blood samples were collected to determine varicella IgG via ELISA. Results:Out of 88 medical students, 20.45% of students had vaccination during childhood and 60.22%of students had a natural infection in the last five years. Three students (3.4%), who had childhood vaccination acquired the infection which is statistically significant during their clinical study years. 70.4% of students who had childhood vaccination and natural infection are at risk of acquiring varicella infections due to the waning of antibodies. 13.64% were found to be negative for varicella antibody titers are at the highest risk. Conclusion:Medical students are most susceptible to acquiring the infection. Medical Universities should take up a policy, that each student needs to take booster vaccinations as a mandatory requirement before admission into the first year, which is practiced as an admission protocol in Western countries like the United States of America but not in Asian countries. Special emphasis should be placed on catch-up vaccination of students because the likelihood of severe infection increases with age.

Back ground of the study: Tuberculosis, better known as TB, is a lung disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection spread through inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person Initial empiric treatment of TB starts patient on a 4-drug regimen; Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol or streptomycin after 2 months of therapy Pyrazinamide can be stopped then Isoniazid + rifampin can be continued as daily or intermittent therapy for 4 more months. Objectives: To evaluate the role of clinical pharmacist in the management of Tuberculosis including improvement in Medication Adherence and improvement in Quality of life. Identify the risk factors such as Smoking, Alcohol, BMI, HIV, Diabetes Mellitus, Age, Gender, and Residence for the prevalence of Tuberculosis. Study design: A Prospective Interventional Case control study was conducted from December 2017-May 2018 at a 350- bedded Tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. Methodology: The study includes 200 tuberculosis diagnosed patients. In which 100 were included in case group and remaining were included in a control group to which only Anti-Tubercular therapy was given without performing any patient counselling and patient education. In Case group patient counselling and patient education was provided along with Anti-Tubercular therapy. Results: A total 200 tuberculosis diagnosed patients were included in the study. out of 200 patients Age group: 48 patients in the age group between 66 – 75 years with (24.0%) .Gender -125 patients with (62.5%) were found to be male and 75 patients with (37.5%) were found to be female. Smoking -123 patients with (61.5%) were found to be due to smoking and 77 patients with (38.5%) were non-smokers. Diabetic- 95 patients with (47.5%) were diabetic patients and remaining 105 with (52.5%) patients were non-diabetics. HIV- 69 patients with [34.5%] were found to be suffering from Tuberculosis due to HIV infection and 131 patients with (65.5%) were found to be HIV-ve patients. Alcoholic- 109 patients with [54.5%] were found to be suffering from Tuberculosis due to excessive alcohol intake and 91 patients with (45.5%) were non-alcoholics. Residence- 139 patients with (69.5%) were found to be suffering from Tuberculosis are rural people and 61 patients were urban residents. BMI- 101 patients were found to be suffering with Tuberculosis due to malnutrition with BMI < 18.5. knowledge about disease, patient mediation adherence, quality of life was improved. Conclusion: clinical pharmacist plays an important role in evaluating the risk factors for tuberculosis, patients in case group have shown improvement in knowledge about disease, patient mediation adherence, and quality of life by providing effective patient counselling.

AIM & OBJECTIVE: A prospective observational study in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at tertiary care teaching hospital. METHODOLOGY: A Prospective observational study carried out in the Department of general medicine in Osmania General Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of 6months. All the patients of either sex attending General medicine department with established type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were included in the study. In-patients already diagnosed of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and are on treatment. In this Study, patients of more than 35 years of age group were included. Patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, any other severe illness, pregnant diabetics and patient with the alternative medicine were excluded. RESULTS: During the study period a total 100 Diabetic Patients were enrolled. Out of which 70% were males and 30% were females. Among the total patients, HbA1c values in 48 patients i.e., 74% were found to be above 6.5% and in 17 patients i.e., 26% were found to be below 6.5%. It was found that GRBS values were high in patients at the time of admission in hospital, it was also noticed that the GRBS values were decreased during the period of treatment in hospital. Based on treatment, 71 patients were treated with insulin alone, 12 patients were treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) and 17 patients were treated with both insulin and OHA. It was found that maximum patients were found with hypertension as co-morbidity followed by CVA. CONCLUSION: Much of the burden of type 2 diabetes can be prevented with stringent control of hyperglycemia and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. Treatment needs to focus on maintaining blood glucose values as close to the non-diabetic range as possible, with early initiation of effective interventions such as (combinations of) blood glucose lowering drugs and insulin, and prompt adjustment of treatment whenHbA1c is above the target value. The choice of anti-hyperglycemic agents should be based not only on efficacy, but drug safety. Special attention need to be focused on adverse effects, particularly hypoglycemia. Overall, pharmacist plays an important role in the management of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus by patient counseling and education about the lifestyle medications. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Oral Hypoglycemic agents, Hyperglycemia and Insulin.

[EN] In this paper, we propose a family of iterative methods for finding multiple roots, with known multiplicity, by means of the introduction of four univariate weight functions. With the help of these weight functions, that play an important role in the development of higher order convergent iterative techniques, we are able to construct three-point eight-order optimal multiple-root finders. Also, numerical experiments have been applied to a number of test equations for different special schemes from this family satisfying the conditions given in the convergence analysis. We have also compared the basins of attraction of some proposed and known methods in order to check the wideness of the sets of converging initial points for each problem. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., This research was partially supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain MTM2014-52016-C2-2-P, MTM2015-64013-P and Generalitat Valenciana, Spain PROMETEO/2016/089 and Schlumberger Foundation-Faculty for Future Program.