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Background : Hepatic fibrosis results from various chronic insults such as chronic hepatitis B and C, parasitic disease, autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hereditary metal over load e.g. iron and cupper and it is linked with remarkable morbidity and mortality Aim: T o evaluate and compare the antifibrotic effect of Aqueous Garlic extract and Licorice Aqueous extract on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Method: 4 groups of rats were taken. In group A and group B, rats were given injection of normal saline intraperitonally. In group C and D, rats were given injection of Aqueous garlic extract (AGE) and licorice aqueous extract (LAE) 01 ml / Kg body weight of rat /day intraperitonally for next four weeks respectively. At the end, all rats were sacrificed. Blood and liver were taken for biochemical examination. Results : This study results showed that the use of aqueous garlic extract and aqueous licorice extract reduces CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in rats. Keywords: Aqueous garlic extract (AGE), licorice aqueous extract (LAE), hepatic fibrosis, anti-fibrotic effect

Background: The proportion of female students is increasing progressively in medical schools, but concern remains about differing performance in exams. A limited data is available on comparison of academic performance of male and female students from developing countries. Aim: To compare them regarding their academic performance in the subject of pharmacology. Methods: This comparative study was conducted at Pharmacology departments of Sheikh Zayed medical college Rahim yar khan and Quaid-e-Azam medical college Bahawalpur among 3rd yr MBBS students of sessions 2019 and 2020. The overall attendance of students was counted and compared as well as all the pharmacology test results were evaluated and compared on the basis of previous record of fortnightly, end of module, midterm and end term examinations. Results: Girls outnumbered boys (528 girls vs 437 boys) in medical admissions. The girls were having better attendance and test results ( 92% vs 65% for better attendance & 26% vs 19% for better results) in both sessions 2019 and 2020. The results also showed that students from literate background and urban areas got more admission in medical college but more number of boys are boarders compared to girls who prefer to be day scholars due to social circumstances of South Punjab. Conclusion: The female students tend to perform better than boys in pre clinical subjects. The number of female medical students is increasing progressively and they out perform their male counterparts both in attendance and internal assessments. The study is documentation of this fact, for future measures that can be done for improvement of male students performance. Keywords: Gender difference, pharmacology, performance

Background: Energy drink is a beverage having a stimulant drug like caffeine, marketed as mental and physical stimulator. Objective: To determine the awareness about energy drinks, their ingredients and side effects and pattern of use of energy drinks among medical students. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, a questionnaire was distributed among all of the 147 students, present at the time of data collection of 3rd year MBBS class at Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan, who have studied pharmacology thoroughly, in 2018. The questions assessed the knowledge about energy drinks, pattern of consumption and side effects. The impact of pharmacology knowledge about ingredients and its effect on pattern of energy drink consumption were also studied. Data was analyzed in SPSS version 17. Results: Overall 147 students participated in this study. Out of these, 58% students consumed energy drinks. Most (80%) students were aware that energy drinks are not good for health. Most of students (75%) were aware of the presence of caffeine. After having studied about caffeine in subject of pharmacology, consumption of energy drinks was decreased in 36.36% students and increased in 23% while in 40% it did not affect its consumption. Conclusion: This study concluded that majority of the medical students were consuming energy drinks and most of them were aware of the hazards of its use. Majority of the students were not aware about the exact amount of caffeine in energy drinks and pharmacology knowledge had either not reduced or did not affected its use.