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1. FLUXNET-CH4: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands

Author

Delwiche, Kyle B, Knox, Sara Helen, Malhotra, Avni, Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne, McNicol, Gavin, Feron, Sarah, Ouyang, Zutao, Papale, Dario, Trotta, Carlo, Canfora, Eleonora, Cheah, You-Wei, Christianson, Danielle, Alberto, Ma Carmelita R, Alekseychik, Pavel, Aurela, Mika, Baldocchi, Dennis, Bansal, Sheel, Billesbach, David P, Bohrer, Gil, Bracho, Rosvel, Buchmann, Nina, Campbell, David I, Celis, Gerardo, Chen, Jiquan, Chen, Weinan, Chu, Housen, Dalmagro, Higo J, Dengel, Sigrid, Desai, Ankur R, Detto, Matteo, Dolman, Han, Eichelmann, Elke, Euskirchen, Eugenie, Famulari, Daniela, Fuchs, Kathrin, Goeckede, Mathias, Gogo, Sébastien, Gondwe, Mangaliso J, Goodrich, Jordan P, Gottschalk, Pia, Graham, Scott L, Heimann, Martin, Helbig, Manuel, Helfter, Carole, Hemes, Kyle S, Hirano, Takashi, Hollinger, David, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Iwata, Hiroki, Jacotot, Adrien, Jurasinski, Gerald, Kang, Minseok, Kasak, Kuno, King, John, Klatt, Janina, Koebsch, Franziska, Krauss, Ken W, Lai, Derrick YF, Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Manca, Giovanni, Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala, Maximov, Trofim, Merbold, Lutz, Mitra, Bhaskar, Morin, Timothy H, Nemitz, Eiko, Nilsson, Mats B, Niu, Shuli, Oechel, Walter C, Oikawa, Patricia Y, Ono, Keisuke, Peichl, Matthias, Peltola, Olli, Reba, Michele L, Richardson, Andrew D, Riley, William, Runkle, Benjamin RK, Ryu, Youngryel, Sachs, Torsten, Sakabe, Ayaka, Sanchez, Camilo Rey, Schuur, Edward A, Schäfer, Karina VR, Sonnentag, Oliver, Sparks, Jed P, Stuart-Haëntjens, Ellen, Sturtevant, Cove, Sullivan, Ryan C, Szutu, Daphne J, Thom, Jonathan E, Torn, Margaret S, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Turner, Jessica, Ueyama, Masahito, Valach, Alex C, Vargas, Rodrigo, Varlagin, Andrej, and Vazquez-Lule, Alma

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Action, Geochemistry, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Atmospheric sciences, Geoinformatics, Physical geography and environmental geoscience
Abstract

Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution CH4 flux measurements, coincident carbon dioxide, water, and energy flux measurements, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we (1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first open-source global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, last access: 7 April 2021). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non-gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we (2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands which are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and (3) we provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20g g€¯S to 20g g€¯N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts 3g€¯d earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4g€¯d longer, for each degree Celsius increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the spring onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags behind soil warming by 1 month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). FLUXNET-CH4 is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle, and future additions of sites in tropical ecosystems and site years of data collection will provide added value to this database. All seasonality parameters are available at 10.5281/zenodo.4672601 (Delwiche et al., 2021). Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/ (last access: 7 April 2021), and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 of this paper.

Published
2021

3. FLUXNET-CH4 : a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands

Author

Delwiche, Kyle B., Knox, Sara Helen, Malhotra, Avni, Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne, McNicol, Gavin, Feron, Sarah, Ouyang, Zutao, Papale, Dario, Trotta, Carlo, Canfora, Eleonora, Cheah, You Wei, Christianson, Danielle, Alberto, Ma Carmelita R., Alekseychik, Pavel, Aurela, Mika, Baldocchi, Dennis, Bansal, Sheel, Billesbach, David P., Bohrer, Gil, Bracho, Rosvel, Buchmann, Nina, Campbell, David I., Celis, Gerardo, Chen, Jiquan, Chen, Weinan, Chu, Housen, Dalmagro, Higo J., Dengel, Sigrid, Desai, Ankur R., Detto, Matteo, Dolman, Han, Eichelmann, Elke, Euskirchen, Eugenie, Famulari, Daniela, Fuchs, Kathrin, Goeckede, Mathias, Gogo, Sébastien, Gondwe, Mangaliso J., Goodrich, Jordan P., Gottschalk, Pia, Graham, Scott L., Heimann, Martin, Helbig, Manuel, Helfter, Carole, Hemes, Kyle S., Hirano, Takashi, Hollinger, David, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Iwata, Hiroki, Jacotot, Adrien, Jurasinski, Gerald, Kang, Minseok, Kasak, Kuno, King, John, Klatt, Janina, Koebsch, Franziska, Krauss, Ken W., Lai, Derrick Y.F., Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Manca, Giovanni, Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala, Maximov, Trofim, Merbold, Lutz, Mitra, Bhaskar, Morin, Timothy H., Nemitz, Eiko, Nilsson, Mats B., Niu, Shuli, Oechel, Walter C., Oikawa, Patricia Y., Ono, Keisuke, Peichl, Matthias, Peltola, Olli, Reba, Michele L., Richardson, Andrew D., Riley, William, Runkle, Benjamin R.K., Ryu, Youngryel, Sachs, Torsten, Sakabe, Ayaka, Sanchez, Camilo Rey, Schuur, Edward A., Schäfer, Karina V.R., Sonnentag, Oliver, Sparks, Jed P., Stuart-Haëntjens, Ellen, Sturtevant, Cove, Sullivan, Ryan C., Szutu, Daphne J., Thom, Jonathan E., Torn, Margaret S., Tuittila, Eeva Stiina, Turner, Jessica, Ueyama, Masahito, Valach, Alex C., Vargas, Rodrigo, Varlagin, Andrej, Vazquez-Lule, Alma, Verfaillie, Joseph G., Vesala, Timo, Vourlitis, George L., Ward, Eric J., Wille, Christian, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wong, Guan Xhuan, Zhang, Zhen, Zona, Donatella, Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, Poulter, Benjamin, Jackson, Robert B., Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), Earth Sciences, and Earth and Climate

Subjects
1171 Geosciences, Earth sciences, SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals, Physical Geography, ddc:550, 114 Physical sciences, 1172 Environmental sciences, Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

Methane (CH$_{4}$) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH$_{4}$ contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH$_{4}$ flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH$_{4}$ emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution CH$_{4}$ flux measurements, coincident carbon dioxide, water, and energy flux measurements, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we (1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH$_{4}$ Version 1.0, the first open-source global dataset of CH$_{4}$ EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, last access: 7 April 2021). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non-gap-filled aggregated CH$_{4}$ fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we (2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH$_{4}$ representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH$_{4}$ Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands which are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH$_{4}$ emissions; and (3) we provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH$_{4}$ fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH$_{4}$ emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20° S to 20° N) the spring onset of elevated CH$_{4}$ emissions starts 3 d earlier, and the CH$_{4}$ emission season lasts 4 d longer, for each degree Celsius increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the spring onset of increasing CH$_{4}$ emissions lags behind soil warming by 1 month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH$_{4}$ emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH$_{4}$ emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH$_{4}$ emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH$_{4}$ modeling and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH$_{4}$ peak). FLUXNET-CH$_{4}$ is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH$_{4}$ cycle, and future additions of sites in tropical ecosystems and site years of data collection will provide added value to this database. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4672601 (Delwiche et al., 2021). Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH$_{4}$ data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/ (last access: 7 April 2021), and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 of this paper.

Published
2021

4. FLUXNET-CH4: a global, multi-ecosystem datasetand analysis of methane seasonalityfrom freshwater wetlands

Author

Knox, Sara, Alberto, Ma, Matthes, Jaclyn, Sanchez, Camilo, Wong, Guan, Delwiche, Kyle, Knox, Sara Helen, Malhotra, Avni, Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne, McNicol, Gavin, Feron, Sarah, Ouyang, Zutao, Papale, Dario, Trotta, Carlo, Canfora, Eleonora, Cheah, You-Wei, Christianson, Danielle, Alberto, Ma. Carmelita R., Alekseychik, Pavel, Aurela, Mika, Baldocchi, Dennis, Bansal, Sheel, Billesbach, David, Bohrer, Gil, Bracho, Rosvel, Buchmann, Nina, Campbell, David, Celis, Gerardo, Chen, Jiquan, Chen, Weinan, Chu, Housen, Dalmagro, Higo, Dengel, Sigrid, Desai, Ankur, Detto, Matteo, Dolman, Han, Eichelmann, Elke, Euskirchen, Eugenie, Famulari, Daniela, Fuchs, Kathrin, Goeckede, Mathias, Gogo, Sébastien, Gondwe, Mangaliso, Goodrich, Jordan, Gottschalk, Pia, Graham, Scott, Heimann, Martin, Helbig, Manuel, Helfter, Carole, Hemes, Kyle, Hirano, Takashi, Hollinger, David, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Iwata, Hiroki, Jacotot, Adrien, Jurasinski, Gerald, Kang, Minseok, Kasak, Kuno, King, John, Klatt, Janina, Koebsch, Franziska, Krauss, Ken, Lai, Derrick, Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Manca, Giovanni, Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala, Maximov, Trofim, Merbold, Lutz, Mitra, Bhaskar, Morin, Timothy, Nemitz, Eiko, Nilsson, Mats, Niu, Shuli, Oechel, Walter, Oikawa, Patricia, Ono, Keisuke, Peichl, Matthias, Peltola, Olli, Reba, Michele, Richardson, Andrew, Riley, William, Runkle, Benjamin, Ryu, Youngryel, Sachs, Torsten, Sakabe, Ayaka, Sanchez, Camilo Rey, Schuur, Edward, Schäfer, Karina, Sonnentag, Oliver, Sparks, Jed, Stuart-Haëntjens, Ellen, Sturtevant, Cove, Sullivan, Ryan, Szutu, Daphne, Thom, Jonathan, Torn, Margaret, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Turner, Jessica, Ueyama, Masahito, Valach, Alex, Vargas, Rodrigo, Varlagin, Andrej, Vazquez-Lule, Alma, Verfaillie, Joseph, Vesala, Timo, Vourlitis, George, Ward, Eric, Wille, Christian, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wong, Guan Xhuan, Zhang, Zhen, Zona, Donatella, Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, Poulter, Benjamin, Jackson, Robert, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

International audience; Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution CH4 flux measurements, coincident carbon dioxide, water, and energy flux measurements, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we (1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first open-source global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, last access: 7 April 2021). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non-gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we (2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands which are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and (3) we provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20∘ S to 20∘ N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts 3 d earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4 d longer, for each degree Celsius increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the spring onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags behind soil warming by 1 month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). FLUXNET-CH4 is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle, and future additions of sites in tropical ecosystems and site years of data collection will provide added value to this database. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4672601 (Delwiche et al., 2021). Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/ (last access: 7 April 2021), and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 of this paper.

Published
2021

5. FLUXNET-CH4: A global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands

Author

Delwiche, Kyle B., primary, Knox, Sara Helen, additional, Malhotra, Avni, additional, Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne, additional, McNicol, Gavin, additional, Feron, Sarah, additional, Ouyang, Zutao, additional, Papale, Dario, additional, Trotta, Carlo, additional, Canfora, Eleonora, additional, Cheah, You-Wei, additional, Christianson, Danielle, additional, Alberto, M. Carmelita R., additional, Alekseychik, Pavel, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Baldocchi, Dennis, additional, Bansal, Sheel, additional, Billesbach, David P., additional, Bohrer, Gil, additional, Bracho, Rosvel, additional, Buchmann, Nina, additional, Campbell, David I., additional, Celis, Gerardo, additional, Chen, Jiquan, additional, Chen, Weinan, additional, Chu, Housen, additional, Dalmagro, Higo J., additional, Dengel, Sigrid, additional, Desai, Ankur R., additional, Detto, Matteo, additional, Dolman, Han, additional, Eichelmann, Elke, additional, Euskirchen, Eugenie, additional, Famulari, Daniela, additional, Friborg, Thomas, additional, Fuchs, Kathrin, additional, Goeckede, Mathias, additional, Gogo, Sébastien, additional, Gondwe, Mangaliso J., additional, Goodrich, Jordan P., additional, Gottschalk, Pia, additional, Graham, Scott L., additional, Heimann, Martin, additional, Helbig, Manuel, additional, Helfter, Carole, additional, Hemes, Kyle S., additional, Hirano, Takashi, additional, Hollinger, David, additional, Hörtnagl, Lukas, additional, Iwata, Hiroki, additional, Jacotot, Adrien, additional, Jansen, Joachim, additional, Jurasinski, Gerald, additional, Kang, Minseok, additional, Kasak, Kuno, additional, King, John, additional, Klatt, Janina, additional, Koebsch, Franziska, additional, Krauss, Ken W., additional, Lai, Derrick Y. F., additional, Mammarella, Ivan, additional, Manca, Giovanni, additional, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, additional, Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala, additional, Maximon, Trofim, additional, Merbold, Lutz, additional, Mitra, Bhaskar, additional, Morin, Timothy H., additional, Nemitz, Eiko, additional, Nilsson, Mats B., additional, Niu, Shuli, additional, Oechel, Walter C., additional, Oikawa, Patricia Y., additional, Ono, Keisuke, additional, Peichl, Matthias, additional, Peltola, Olli, additional, Reba, Michele L., additional, Richardson, Andrew D., additional, Riley, William, additional, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., additional, Ryu, Youngryel, additional, Sachs, Torsten, additional, Sakabe, Ayaka, additional, Sanchez, Camilo Rey, additional, Schuur, Edward A., additional, Schäfer, Karina V. R., additional, Sonnentag, Oliver, additional, Sparks, Jed P., additional, Stuart-Haëntjens, Ellen, additional, Sturtevant, Cove, additional, Sullivan, Ryan C., additional, Szutu, Daphne J., additional, Thom, Jonathan E., additional, Torn, Margaret S., additional, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, additional, Turner, Jessica, additional, Ueyama, Masahito, additional, Valach, Alex C., additional, Vargas, Rodrigo, additional, Varlagin, Andrej, additional, Vazquez-Lule, Alma, additional, Verfaillie, Joseph G., additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, Vourlitis, George L., additional, Ward, Eric J., additional, Wille, Christian, additional, Wohlfahrt, Georg, additional, Wong, Guan Xhuan, additional, Zhang, Zhen, additional, Zona, Donatella, additional, Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, and Jackson, Robert B., additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Outgoing Near‐Infrared Radiation From Vegetation Scales With Canopy Photosynthesis Across a Spectrum of Function, Structure, Physiological Capacity, and Weather

Author

Baldocchi, Dennis D., primary, Ryu, Youngryel, additional, Dechant, Benjamin, additional, Eichelmann, Elke, additional, Hemes, Kyle, additional, Ma, Siyan, additional, Sanchez, Camilo Rey, additional, Shortt, Robert, additional, Szutu, Daphne, additional, Valach, Alex, additional, Verfaillie, Joe, additional, Badgley, Grayson, additional, Zeng, Yelu, additional, and Berry, Joseph A., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
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7. FLUXNET-CH$_{4}$: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands

Author

Delwiche, Kyle B., Knox, Sara Helen, Malhotra, Avni, Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne, McNicol, Gavin, Feron, Sarah, Ouyang, Zutao, Papale, Dario, Trotta, Carlo, Canfora, Eleonora, Cheah, You-Wei, Christianson, Danielle, Alberto, Ma. Carmelita R., Alekseychik, Pavel, Aurela, Mika, Baldocchi, Dennis, Bansal, Sheel, Billesbach, David P., Bohrer, Gil, Bracho, Rosvel, Buchmann, Nina, Campbell, David I., Celis, Gerardo, Chen, Jiquan, Chen, Weinan, Chu, Housen, Dalmagro, Higo J., Dengel, Sigrid, Desai, Ankur R., Detto, Matteo, Dolman, Han, Eichelmann, Elke, Euskirchen, Eugenie, Famulari, Daniela, Fuchs, Kathrin, Goeckede, Mathias, Gogo, S��bastien, Gondwe, Mangaliso J., Goodrich, Jordan P., Gottschalk, Pia, Graham, Scott L., Heimann, Martin, Helbig, Manuel, Helfter, Carole, Hemes, Kyle S., Hirano, Takashi, Hollinger, David, H��rtnagl, Lukas, Iwata, Hiroki, Jacotot, Adrien, Jurasinski, Gerald, Kang, Minseok, Kasak, Kuno, King, John, Klatt, Janina, Koebsch, Franziska, Krauss, Ken W., Lai, Derrick Y. F., Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Manca, Giovanni, Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala, Maximov, Trofim, Merbold, Lutz, Mitra, Bhaskar, Morin, Timothy H., Nemitz, Eiko, Nilsson, Mats B., Niu, Shuli, Oechel, Walter C., Oikawa, Patricia Y., Ono, Keisuke, Peichl, Matthias, Peltola, Olli, Reba, Michele L., Richardson, Andrew D., Riley, William, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Ryu, Youngryel, Sachs, Torsten, Sakabe, Ayaka, Sanchez, Camilo Rey, Schuur, Edward A., Sch��fer, Karina V. R., Sonnentag, Oliver, Sparks, Jed P., Stuart-Ha��ntjens, Ellen, Sturtevant, Cove, Sullivan, Ryan C., Szutu, Daphne J., Thom, Jonathan E., Torn, Margaret S., Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Turner, Jessica, Ueyama, Masahito, Valach, Alex C., Vargas, Rodrigo, Varlagin, Andrej, Vazquez-Lule, Alma, Verfaillie, Joseph G., Vesala, Timo, Vourlitis, George L., Ward, Eric J., Wille, Christian, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wong, Guan Xhuan, Zhang, Zhen, Zona, Donatella, Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, Poulter, Benjamin, and Jackson, Robert B.

Subjects
13. Climate action, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water
Abstract

Methane (CH$_{4}$) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH$_{4}$ contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH$_{4}$ flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH$_{4}$ emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution CH$_{4}$ flux measurements, coincident carbon dioxide, water, and energy flux measurements, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we (1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH$_{4}$ Version 1.0, the first open-source global dataset of CH$_{4}$ EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, last access: 7 April 2021). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non-gap-filled aggregated CH$_{4}$ fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we (2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH$_{4}$ representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH$_{4}$ Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands which are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH$_{4}$ emissions; and (3) we provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH$_{4}$ fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH$_{4}$ emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20�� S to 20�� N) the spring onset of elevated CH$_{4}$ emissions starts 3 d earlier, and the CH$_{4}$ emission season lasts 4 d longer, for each degree Celsius increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the spring onset of increasing CH$_{4}$ emissions lags behind soil warming by 1 month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH$_{4}$ emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH$_{4}$ emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH$_{4}$ emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH$_{4}$ modeling and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH$_{4}$ peak). FLUXNET-CH$_{4}$ is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH$_{4}$ cycle, and future additions of sites in tropical ecosystems and site years of data collection will provide added value to this database. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4672601 (Delwiche et al., 2021). Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH$_{4}$ data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/ (last access: 7 April 2021), and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 of this paper.

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