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1. Seasonal variation of Saturn's Lyman-$\alpha$ brightness

Author

Stephenson, P., Koskinen, T. T., Brown, Z., Quémerais, E., Lavvas, P., Moses, J. I., Sandel, B., and Yelle, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

We examine Saturn's non-auroral (dayglow) emissions at Lyman-$\alpha$ observed by the {Cassini/UVIS} instrument from 2004 until 2016, to constrain meridional and seasonal trends in the upper atmosphere. We separate viewing geometry effects from trends driven by atmospheric properties, by applying a multi-variate regression to the observed emissions. The Lyman-$\alpha$ dayglow brightnesses depend on the incident solar flux, solar incidence angle, emission angle, and observed latitude. The emissions across latitudes and seasons show a strong dependence with solar incidence angle, typical of resonantly scattered solar flux and consistent with no significant internal source. We observe a bulge in Ly-$\alpha$ brightness that shifts with the summer season from the southern to the northern hemisphere. We estimate atomic hydrogen optical depths above the methane homopause level for dayside disk observations (2004-2016) by comparing observed Lyman-$\alpha$ emissions to a radiative transfer model. We model emissions from resonantly scattered solar flux and a smaller but significant contribution by scattered photons from the interplanetary hydrogen (IPH) background. During northern summer, inferred hydrogen optical depths steeply decrease with latitude towards the winter hemisphere from a northern hemisphere bulge, as predicted by a 2D seasonal photochemical model. The southern hemisphere mirrors this trend during its summer. However, inferred optical depths show substantially more temporal variation between 2004 and 2016 than predicted by the photochemical model.

Published
2024
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2. Voyager 1/UVS Lyman $\alpha$ measurements at the distant heliosphere (90-130AU): unknown source of additional emission

Author

Katushkina, O. A., Quemerais, E., Izmodenov, V. V., Lallement, R., and Sandel, B. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

In this work, we present for the first time the Lyman $\alpha$ intensities measured by Voyager 1/UVS in 2003-2014 (at 90-130 AU from the Sun). During this period Voyager 1 measured the Lyman $\alpha$ emission in the outer heliosphere at an almost fixed direction close to the upwind (that is towards the interstellar flow). The data show an unexpected behavior in 2003-2009: the ratio of observed intensity to the solar Lyman $\alpha$ flux is almost constant. Numerical modelling of these data is performed in the frame of a state-of-art self-consistent kinetic-MHD model of the heliospheric interface (Izmodenov & Alexashov, 2015). The model results, for various interstellar parameters, predict a monotonic decrease of intensity not seen in the data. We propose two possible scenarios that explain the data qualitatively. The first is the formation of a dense layer of hydrogen atoms near the heliopause. Such a layer would provide an additional backscattered Doppler shifted Lyman $\alpha$ emission, which is not absorbed inside the heliosphere and may be observed by Voyager. About 35 R of intensity from the layer is needed. The second scenario is an external non-heliospheric Lyman $\alpha$ component, which could be galactic or extragalactic. Our parametric study shows that $\sim$25 R of additional emission leads to a good qualitative agreement between the Voyager 1 data and the model results., Comment: accepted in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Published
2017
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3. Spatial distance and climate determine modularity in a cross-biomes plant–hummingbird interaction network in Brazil

Author

Araujo, AC, Martín González, AM, Sandel, B, Maruyama, PK, Fischer, E, Vizentin-Bugoni, J, de Araújo, FP, Coelho, AG, Faria, RR, Kohler, G, Las-Casas, FMG, Lopes, AV, Machado, AO, Machado, CG, Machado, IC, McGuire, JA, Moura, AC, Oliveira, GM, Oliveira, PE, Rocca, MA, Rodrigues, LDC, Rodrigues, M, Rui, AM, Sazima, I, Sazima, M, Varassin, IG, Wang, Z, Dalsgaard, B, and Svenning, JC

Subjects
biogeography, module composition, ornithophily, phylogeny, pollination, range size, species roles, traits, Ecology, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences
Abstract

Aim: We examined the effects of space, climate, phylogeny and species traits on module composition in a cross-biomes plant–hummingbird network. Location: Brazil, except Amazonian region. Methods: We compiled 31 local binary plant–hummingbird networks, combining them into one cross-biomes metanetwork. We conducted a modularity analysis and tested the relationship between species’ module membership with traits, geographical location, climatic conditions and range sizes, employing random forest models. We fitted reduced models containing groups of related variables (climatic, spatial, phylogenetic, traits) and combinations of groups to partition the variance explained by these sets into unique and shared components. Results: The Brazilian cross-biomes network was composed of 479 plant and 42 hummingbird species, and showed significant modularity. The resulting six modules conformed well to vegetation domains. Only plant traits, not hummingbird traits, differed between modules, notably plants’ growth form, corolla length, flower shape and colour. Some modules included plant species with very restricted distributions, whereas others encompassed more widespread ones. Widespread hummingbirds were the most connected, both within and between modules, whereas widespread plants were the most connected between modules. Among traits, only nectar concentration had a weak effect on among-module connectivity. Main conclusions: Climate and spatial filters were the main determinants of module composition for hummingbirds and plants, potentially related to resource seasonality, especially for hummingbirds. Historical dispersal-linked contingency, or environmental variations not accounted for by the explanatory factors here evaluated, could also contribute to the spatial component. Phylogeny and morphological traits had no unique effects on the assignment of species to modules. Widespread species showed higher within- and/or among-module connectivity, indicating their key role connecting biomes, and, in the case of hummingbirds, communities within biomes. Our results indicate that biogeography and climate not only determine the variation of modularity in local plant–animal networks, as previously shown, but also affect the cross-biomes network structure.

Published
2018

4. Galactic Cosmic Rays measured by UVS on Voyager 1 and the end of the modulation: Is the upwind heliopause a collapsed charge-exchange layer?

Author

Lallement, R., Bertaux, J. L., Quemerais, E., and Sandel, B. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

The detectors of the UltraViolet Spectrographs (UVS) on Voyager 1/2 are recording a background that was earlier assigned to disintegrations in the RTG. We show that it arises instead from Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs). We show the 1992-2013 GCR flux measured by UVS on V1 and, by comparing with data from the GCR dedicated detectors, we estimate the energy range responsible for this UVS signal, around 300 MeV, and the response of UVS to the GCR anisotropy. After the abrupt jumps of May and August 2012 the count rate has been fluctuating only slightly around a constant value, but comparing with data from the LECP and the CRS instruments shows that those small variations are only responses to a varying anisotropy and not to a flux change. Taking advantage of the similarity in energy range to one of the products of the CRS instrument suite, we use the ratio between the two independent signals as a proxy for the temporal evolution of the GCR spectral slope around the 300 MeV range. We show that this slope has remained unchanged since Aug 2012 and find strong evidence that it will no longer vary, implying the end of the modulation at those energies and that V1 at this date is near or past the heliopause. The origin of this narrow and stagnating inner heliosheath is still unclear, and we discuss the potential effects of low solar wind speed episodes and subsequent self-amplified charge-exchange with interstellar neutrals, as a source of deceleration and collapse. We suggest that the quasi-static region encountered by V1 may be related to such effects, triggered by the strong post solar-maximum variability. This did not happen for V2 due to its trajectory at an angle further from the heliosphere axis and a later termination shock crossing. The existence on the upwind side of a mixing layer formed by charge transfer instead of a pure plasma contact discontinuity could explain various observations., Comment: 12 ages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2014
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5. Author Correction: The loss of ions from Venus through the plasma wake

Author

Barabash, S., Fedorov, A., Sauvaud, J. J., Lundin, R., Russell, C. T., Futaana, Y., Zhang, T. L., Andersson, H., Brinkfeldt, K., Grigoriev, A., Holmström, M., Yamauchi, M., Asamura, K., Baumjohann, W., Lammer, H., Coates, A. J., Kataria, D. O., Linder, D. R., Curtis, C. C., Hsieh, K. C., Sandel, B. R., Grande, M., Gunell, H., Koskinen, H. E. J., Kallio, E., Riihelä, P., Säles, T., Schmidt, W., Kozyra, J., Krupp, N., Fränz, M., Woch, J., Luhmann, J., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Mazelle, C., Thocaven, J.-J., Orsini, S., Cerulli-Irelli, R., Mura, A., Milillo, A., Maggi, M., Roelof, E., Brandt, P., Szego, K., Winningham, J. D., Frahm, R. A., Scherrer, J., Sharber, J. R., Wurz, P., and Bochsler, P.

Published
2022
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6. Solar Wind-Induced Atmospheric Erosion at Mars: First Results from ASPERA-3 on Mars Express

Author

Lundin, R., Barabash, S., Andersson, H., Holmström, M., Grigoriev, A., Yamauchi, M., Fedorov, A., Budnik, E., Winningham, D., Frahm, R., Scherrer, J., Sharber, J., Asamura, K., Hayakawa, H., Coates, A., Linder, D. R., Curtis, C., Hsieh, K. C., Sandel, B. R., Grande, M., Carter, M., Reading, D. H., Koskinen, H., Kallio, E., Riihela, P., Schmidt, W., Säles, T., Kozyra, J., Krupp, N., Woch, J., Luhmann, J., McKenna-Lawler, S., Cerulli-Irelli, R., Orsini, S., Maggi, M., Mura, A., Milillo, A., Roelof, E., Williams, D., Livi, S., Brandt, P., Wurz, P., and Bochsler, P.

Published
2004

7. SPICAM on Mars Express: A 10 year in-depth survey of the Martian atmosphere

Author

Montmessin, F., Korablev, O., Lefèvre, F., Bertaux, J.-L., Fedorova, A., Trokhimovskiy, A., Chaufray, J.Y., Lacombe, G., Reberac, A., Maltagliati, L., Willame, Y., Guslyakova, S., Gérard, J.-C., Stiepen, A., Fussen, D., Mateshvili, N., Määttänen, A., Forget, F., Witasse, O., Leblanc, F., Vandaele, A.C., Marcq, E., Sandel, B., Gondet, B., Schneider, N., Chaffin, M., and Chapron, N.

Published
2017
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9. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Beck, P. S. A., Georges, D., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H. D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K. S., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Johnstone, J. F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T. C., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Shetti, R., Speed, J. D. M., Suding, K. N., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A. J., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S. E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P. A., Zamin, T. J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, III, F. S., Craine, J. M., Dainese, M., Green, W. A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P. B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B. S., Sheremetiev, S. N., and de Vries, F. T.

Published
2020
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11. Functional community structure, climate and NDVI for selected sPlot locations [Dataset]

Author

Engel, Thore, Bruelheide, H., Hoss, D., Sabatini, F.M., Altman, J., Arfin-Khan, M.A.S., Bergmeier, E., Černý, T., Chytrý, M., Dainese, M., Dengler, J., Dolezal, J., Field, R., Fischer, F.M., Huygens, D., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jentsch, A., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Lenoir, J., Lens, F., Loos, J., Niinemets, Ü., Overbeck, G.E., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Peyre, G., Phillips, O., Reich, P.B., Römermann, C., Sandel, B., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Velez-Martin, E., Violle, C., Pillar, V., Engel, Thore, Bruelheide, H., Hoss, D., Sabatini, F.M., Altman, J., Arfin-Khan, M.A.S., Bergmeier, E., Černý, T., Chytrý, M., Dainese, M., Dengler, J., Dolezal, J., Field, R., Fischer, F.M., Huygens, D., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jentsch, A., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Lenoir, J., Lens, F., Loos, J., Niinemets, Ü., Overbeck, G.E., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Peyre, G., Phillips, O., Reich, P.B., Römermann, C., Sandel, B., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Velez-Martin, E., Violle, C., and Pillar, V.

Abstract

Aim Theoretical, experimental and observational studies have shown that biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships are influenced by functional community structure through two mutually non-exclusive mechanisms: (1) the dominance effect (which relates to the traits of the dominant species); and (2) the niche partitioning effect [which relates to functional diversity (FD)]. Although both mechanisms have been studied in plant communities and experiments at small spatial extents, it remains unclear whether evidence from small-extent case studies translates into a generalizable macroecological pattern. Here, we evaluate dominance and niche partitioning effects simultaneously in grassland systems world-wide. Location Two thousand nine hundred and forty-one grassland plots globally. Time period 2000–2014. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods We obtained plot-based data on functional community structure from the global vegetation plot database “sPlot”, which combines species composition with plant trait data from the “TRY” database. We used data on the community-weighted mean (CWM) and FD for 18 ecologically relevant plant traits. As an indicator of primary productivity, we extracted the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from MODIS. Using generalized additive models and deviation partitioning, we estimated the contributions of trait CWM and FD to the variation in annual maximum NDVI, while controlling for climatic variables and spatial structure. Results Grassland communities dominated by relatively tall species with acquisitive traits had higher NDVI values, suggesting the prevalence of dominance effects for BEF relationships. We found no support for niche partitioning for the functional traits analysed, because NDVI remained unaffected by FD. Most of the predictive power of traits was shared by climatic predictors and spatial coordinates. This highlights the importance of community assembly processes for BEF relationships i

Published
2023

12. Traits of dominant plant species drive normalized difference vegetation index in grasslands globally

Author

Engel, Thore, Bruelheide, H., Hoss, D., Sabatini, F.M., Altman, J., Arfin-Khan, M.A.S., Bergmeier, E., Černý, T., Chytrý, M., Dainese, M., Dengler, J., Dolezal, J., Field, R., Fischer, F.M., Huygens, D., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jentsch, A., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Lenoir, J., Lens, F., Loos, J., Niinemets, Ü., Overbeck, G.E., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Peyre, G., Phillips, O., Reich, P.B., Römermann, C., Sandel, B., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Velez-Martin, E., Violle, C., Pillar, V., Engel, Thore, Bruelheide, H., Hoss, D., Sabatini, F.M., Altman, J., Arfin-Khan, M.A.S., Bergmeier, E., Černý, T., Chytrý, M., Dainese, M., Dengler, J., Dolezal, J., Field, R., Fischer, F.M., Huygens, D., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jentsch, A., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Lenoir, J., Lens, F., Loos, J., Niinemets, Ü., Overbeck, G.E., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Peyre, G., Phillips, O., Reich, P.B., Römermann, C., Sandel, B., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Velez-Martin, E., Violle, C., and Pillar, V.

Abstract

Aim Theoretical, experimental and observational studies have shown that biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships are influenced by functional community structure through two mutually non-exclusive mechanisms: (1) the dominance effect (which relates to the traits of the dominant species); and (2) the niche partitioning effect [which relates to functional diversity (FD)]. Although both mechanisms have been studied in plant communities and experiments at small spatial extents, it remains unclear whether evidence from small-extent case studies translates into a generalizable macroecological pattern. Here, we evaluate dominance and niche partitioning effects simultaneously in grassland systems world-wide. Location Two thousand nine hundred and forty-one grassland plots globally. Time period 2000–2014. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods We obtained plot-based data on functional community structure from the global vegetation plot database “sPlot”, which combines species composition with plant trait data from the “TRY” database. We used data on the community-weighted mean (CWM) and FD for 18 ecologically relevant plant traits. As an indicator of primary productivity, we extracted the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from MODIS. Using generalized additive models and deviation partitioning, we estimated the contributions of trait CWM and FD to the variation in annual maximum NDVI, while controlling for climatic variables and spatial structure. Results Grassland communities dominated by relatively tall species with acquisitive traits had higher NDVI values, suggesting the prevalence of dominance effects for BEF relationships. We found no support for niche partitioning for the functional traits analysed, because NDVI remained unaffected by FD. Most of the predictive power of traits was shared by climatic predictors and spatial coordinates. This highlights the importance of community assembly processes for BEF relationships i

Published
2023

13. A plant growth form dataset for the New World

Author

Engemann, K., Sandel, B., Boyle, B., Enquist, B. J., Jørgensen, P. M., Kattge, J., McGill, B. J., Morueta-Holme, N., Peet, R. K., Spencer, N. J., Violle, C., Wiser, S. K., and Svenning, J.-C.

Published
2016

14. Traits of dominant plant species drive normalized difference vegetation index in grasslands globally

Author

Engel, T., Bruelheide, H., Hoss, D., Sabatini, F.M., Altman, J, Arfin‐Khan, M.A.S., Bergmeier, E., Černý, T., Chytrý, M., Dainese, M., Dolezal, J., Field, R., Fischer, F.M., Jansen, F., Jentsch, A., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Lenoir, J., Lens, F., Niinemets, Ü., Overbeck, G.E., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Peyre, G., Phillips, O., Reich, P.B., Römermann, C., Sandel, B., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Velez‐Martin, E., Violle, C., Pillar, V., Dengler, Huygens, Jandt, Loos, Thore Engel, Helge Bruelheide, Daniela Ho, Francesco M. Sabatini, Jan Altman, Mohammed A. S. Arfin‐Khan, Erwin Bergmeier, Tomáš Černý, Milan Chytrý, Matteo Dainese, Jürgen Dengler, Jiri Dolezal, Richard Field, Felícia M. Fischer, Dries Huygen, Ute Jandt, Florian Jansen, Anke Jentsch, Dirk N. Karger, Jens Kattge, Jonathan Lenoir, Frederic Len, Jaqueline Loo, Ülo Niinemet, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Wim A. Ozinga, Josep Penuela, Gwendolyn Peyre, Oliver Phillip, Peter B. Reich, Christine Römermann, Brody Sandel, Marco Schmidt, Franziska Schrodt, Eduardo Velez‐Martin, Cyrille Violle, and Valério Pillar

Subjects
biodiversity–ecosystem functioning, Global and Planetary Change, Vegetation, Ecology, sPlot, Functional Diversity, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, biodiversity–ecosystem functioning, biodiversity, community-weighted mean, ecosystem, functioning, functional diversity, sPlot, traits, vegetation, Biodiversity, functional diversity, Traits, traits, Biodiversity–Ecosystem Functioning, vegetation, ecosystem functioning, Community-Weighted Mean, community-weighted mean, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Vegetatie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem Functioning, biodiversity
Abstract

Aim: Theoretical, experimental and observational studies have shown that biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships are influenced by functional community structure through two mutually non-exclusive mechanisms: (1) the dominance effect (which relates to the traits of the dominant species); and (2) the niche partitioning effect [which relates to functional diversity (FD)]. Although both mechanisms have been studied in plant communities and experiments at small spatial extents, it remains unclear whether evidence from small-extent case studies translates into a generalizable macroecological pattern. Here, we evaluate dominance and niche partitioning effects simultaneously in grassland systems world-wide.Location: Two thousand nine hundred and forty-one grassland plots globally.Time period: 2000–2014.Major taxa studied: Vascular plants.Methods: We obtained plot-based data on functional community structure from the global vegetation plot database “sPlot”, which combines species composition with plant trait data from the “TRY” database. We used data on the community-weighted mean (CWM) and FD for 18 ecologically relevant plant traits. As an indicator of primary productivity, we extracted the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from MODIS. Using generalized additive models and deviation partitioning, we estimated the contributions of trait CWM and FD to the variation in annual maximum NDVI, while controlling for climatic variables and spatial structure.Results: Grassland communities dominated by relatively tall species with acquisitive traits had higher NDVI values, suggesting the prevalence of dominance effects for BEF relationships. We found no support for niche partitioning for the functional traits analysed, because NDVI remained unaffected by FD. Most of the predictive power of traits was shared by climatic predictors and spatial coordinates. This highlights the importance of community assembly processes for BEF relationships in natural communities.Main conclusions: Our analysis provides empirical evidence that plant functional community structure and global patterns in primary productivity are linked through the resource economics and size traits of the dominant species. This is an important test of the hypotheses underlying BEF relationships at the global scale.

Published
2023

15. Global patterns of vascular plant alpha diversity

Author

Sabatini, F.M., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Jandt, U., Chytrý, M., Field, R., Kessler, M., Lenoir, J., Schrodt, F., Wiser, S.K., Arfin Khan, M.A.S., Attorre, F. Cayuela, L., De Sanctis, M., Dengler, J., Haider, S., Hatim, M.Z., Indreica, A., Jansen, F., Pauchard, A., Peet, R.K., Petřik, P., Pillar, V.D., Sandel, B., Schmidt, M., Tang, Z., Bodegom, P.M. van, Vassilev, K., Violle, C., Alvarez-Davilla, E., Davidar, P., Dolezal, J., Hérault, B., Galán-de-Mera, A., Jiménez, J., Kambach, S., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Kreft, H., Lezama, F., Linares-Palomino, R., Mendoza, A.M., N’Dja, J.K., Phillips, O.L., Rivas-Torres, G., Sklenář, P., Speziale, K., Strohbach, B.J., Martínez, R.V., Wang, H., Wesche, K., and Bruelheide, H.

Abstract

Global patterns of regional (gamma) plant diversity are relatively well known, but whether these patterns hold for local communities, and the dependence on spatial grain, remain controversial. Using data on 170,272 georeferenced local plant assemblages, we created global maps of alpha diversity (local species richness) for vascular plants at three different spatial grains, for forests and non-forests. We show that alpha diversity is consistently high across grains in some regions (for example, Andean-Amazonian foothills), but regional ‘scaling anomalies’ (deviations from the positive correlation) exist elsewhere, particularly in Eurasian temperate forests with disproportionally higher fine-grained richness and many African tropical forests with disproportionally higher coarse-grained richness. The influence of different climatic, topographic and biogeographical variables on alpha diversity also varies across grains. Our multi-grain maps return a nuanced understanding of vascular plant biodiversity patterns that complements classic maps of biodiversity hotspots and will improve predictions of global change effects on biodiversity.

Published
2022

16. The Analyzer of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA-3) for the Mars Express Mission

Author

Barabash, S., Lundin, R., Andersson, H., Brinkfeldt, K., Grigoriev, A., Gunell, H., Holmström, M., Yamauchi, M., Asamura, K., Bochsler, P., Wurz, P., Cerulli-Irelli, R., Mura, A., Milillo, A., Maggi, M., Orsini, S., Coates, A. J., Linder, D. R., Kataria, D. O., Curtis, C. C., Hsieh, K. C., Sandel, B. R., Frahm, R. A., Sharber, J. R., Winningham, J. D., Grande, M., Kallio, E., Koskinen, H., Riihelä, P., Schmidt, W., Säles, T., Kozyra, J. U., Krupp, N., Woch, J., Livi, S., Luhmann, J. G., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Roelof, E. C., Williams, D. J., Sauvaud, J.-A., Fedorov, A., Thocaven, J.-J., and Russell, C. T., editor

Published
2007
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17. IMF Direction Derived from Cycloid-Like Ion Distributions Observed by Mars Express

Author

Yamauchi, M., Futaana, Y., Fedorov, A., Dubinin, E., Lundin, R., Sauvaud, J.-A., Winningham, D., Frahm, R., Barabash, S., Holmstrom, M., Woch, J., Fraenz, M., Budnik, E., Borg, H., Sharber, J. R., Coates, A. J., Soobiah, Y, Koskinen, H., Kallio, E., Asamura, K., Hayakawa, H., Curtis, C., Hsieh, K. C., Sandel, B. R., Grande, M., Grigoriev, A., Wurz, P., Orsini, S., Brandt, P., Mckenna-Lawler, S., Kozyra, J., Luhmann, J., and Russell, C. T., editor

Published
2007
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18. The Deep Space 1 Encounter with Comet 19P/Borrelly

Author

Boice, D. C., Soderblom, L. A., Britt, D. T., Brown, R. H., Sandel, B. R., Yelle, R. V., Buratti, B. J., Hicks, M. D., Nelson, R. M., Rayman, M. D., Oberst, J., Thomas, N., Boehnhardt, H., editor, Combi, M., editor, Kidger, M. R., editor, and Schulz, R., editor

Published
2003
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24. Author Correction: The loss of ions from Venus through the plasma wake

Author

Barabash, S, Fedorov, A, Sauvaud, J J, Lundin, R, Russell, C T, Futaana, Y, Zhang, T L, Andersson, H, Brinkfeldt, K, Grigoriev, A, Holmström, M, Yamauchi, M, Asamura, K, Baumjohann, W, Lammer, H, Coates, A J, Kataria, D O, Linder, D R, Curtis, C C, Hsieh, K C, Sandel, B R, Grande, M, Gunell, H, Koskinen, H E J, Kallio, E, Riihelä, P, Säles, T, Schmidt, W, Kozyra, J, Krupp, N, Fränz, M, Woch, J, Luhmann, J, McKenna-Lawlor, S, Mazelle, C, Thocaven, J-J, Orsini, S, Cerulli-Irelli, R, Mura, A, Milillo, A, Maggi, M, Roelof, E, Brandt, P, Szego, K, Winningham, J D, Frahm, R A, Scherrer, J, Sharber, J R, Wurz, P, and Bochsler, P

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, 530 Physik
Published
2022

25. Galileo Ultraviolet Spectrometer Experiment

Author

Hord, C. W., McClintock, W. E., Stewart, A. I. F., Barth, C. A., Esposito, L. W., Thomas, G. E., Sandel, B. R., Hunten, D. M., Broadfoot, A. L., Shemansky, D. E., Ajello, J. M., Lane, A. L., West, R. A., and Russell, C. T., editor

Published
1992
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27. Extreme Ultraviolet Observations from Voyager 1 Encounter with Jupiter

Author

Broadfoot, A. L., Belton, M. J. S., Takacs, P. Z., Sandel, B. R., Shemansky, D. E., Holberg, J. B., Ajello, J. M., Atreya, S. K., Donahue, T. M., Moos, H. W., Bertaux, J. L., Blamont, J. E., Strobel, D. F., McConnell, J. C., Dalgarno, A., Goody, R., and McElroy, M. B.

Published
1979

28. Extreme Ultraviolet Observations from Voyager 2 Encounter with Jupiter

Author

Sandel, B. R., Shemansky, D. E., Broadfoot, A. L., Bertaux, J. L., Blamont, J. E., Belton, M. J. S., Ajello, J. M., Holberg, J. B., Atreya, S. K., Donahue, T. M., Moos, H. W., Strobel, D. F., McConnell, J. C., Dalgarno, A., Goody, R., McElroy, M. B., and Takacs, P. Z.

Published
1979

30. Extreme Ultraviolet Observations from Voyager 1 Encounter with Saturn

Author

Broadfoot, A. L., Sandel, B. R., Shemansky, D. E., Holberg, J. B., Smith, G. R., Strobel, D. F., McConnell, J. C., Kumar, S., Hunten, D. M., Atreya, S. K., Donahue, T. M., Moos, H. W., Bertaux, J. L., Blamont, J. E., Pomphrey, R. B., and Linick, S.

Published
1981

31. Ultraviolet Spectrometer Observations of Neptune and Triton

Author

Broadfoot, A. L., Atreya, S. K., Bertaux, J. L., Blamont, J. E., Dessler, A. J., Donahue, T. M., Forrester, W. T., Hall, D. T., Herbert, F., Holberg, J. B., Hunten, D. M., Krasnopolsky, V. A., Linick, S., Lunine, J. I., McConnell, J. C., Moos, H. W., Sandel, B. R., Schneider, N. M., Shemansky, D. E., Smith, G. R., Strobel, D. F., and Yelle, R. V.

Published
1989

32. Ultraviolet Spectrometer Observations of Uranus

Author

Broadfoot, A. L., Herbert, F., Holberg, J. B., Hunten, D. M., Kumar, S., Sandel, B. R., Shemansky, D. E., Smith, G. R., Yelle, R. V., Strobel, D. F., Moos, H. W., Donahue, T. M., Atreya, S. K., Bertaux, J. L., Blamont, J. E., McConnell, J. C., Dessler, A. J., Linick, S., and Springer, R.

Published
1986

33. Phylogenetic structure of alien plant species pools from European donor habitats

Author

Kalusová, V., Padullés Cubino, J., Fristoe, T.S., Chytrý, M., Kleunen, M., Dawson, W., Essl, F., Kreft, H., Mucina, L., Pergl, J., Pyšek, P., Weigelt, P., Winter, M., Lososová, Z., Sandel, B., Kalusová, V., Padullés Cubino, J., Fristoe, T.S., Chytrý, M., Kleunen, M., Dawson, W., Essl, F., Kreft, H., Mucina, L., Pergl, J., Pyšek, P., Weigelt, P., Winter, M., Lososová, Z., and Sandel, B.

Abstract

Aim Many plant species native to Europe have naturalized worldwide. We tested whether the phylogenetic structure of the species pools of European habitats is related to the proportion of species from each habitat that has naturalized outside Europe (habitat’s donor role) and whether the donated species are more phylogenetically related to each other than expected by chance. Location Europe (native range), the rest of the world (invaded range). Time period Last c. 100 years. Major taxa studied Angiospermae. Methods We selected 33 habitats in Europe and analysed their species pools, including 9,636 plant species, of which 2,293 have naturalized outside Europe. We assessed the phylogenetic structure of each habitat as the difference between the observed and expected mean pairwise phylogenetic distance (MPD) for (a) the whole species pool and (b) subgroups of species that have naturalized outside Europe and those that have not. We used generalized linear models to test for the effects of the phylogenetic structure and the level of human influence on the habitat’s donor role. Results Habitats strongly to moderately influenced by humans often showed phylogenetically clustered species pools. Within the clustered species pools, those species that have naturalized outside Europe showed a random phylogenetic structure. Species pools of less human-influenced natural habitats varied from phylogenetically clustered to overdispersed, with donated naturalized species also often showing random patterns within the species pools. Donor roles in both habitat groups increased with increasing MPD within habitats. Main conclusions European human-influenced habitats donate closely related species that often naturalize in disturbed habitats outside their native range. Natural habitats donate species from different lineages with various ecological strategies that allow them to succeed in different habitats in the invaded range. However, the naturalized species donated by most European habit

Published
2021

34. sPlotOpen – An environmentally balanced, open‐access, global dataset of vegetation plots

Author

Sabatini, F.M., Lenoir, J., Hattab, T., Arnst, E., Chytrý, M., Dengler, J., De Ruffray, P., Hennekens, S.M., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jimenez‐Alfaro, B., Kattge, J., Levesley, A., Pillar, V.D., Purschke, O., Sandel, B., Sultana, F., Aavik, T., Aćić, S., Acosta, A.T.R., Agrillo, E., Álvarez, M., Apostolova, I., Arfin Khan, M.A.S., Arroyo, L., Attorre, F., Aubin, I., Banerjee, A., Bauters, M., Bergeron, Y., Bergmeier, E., Biurrun, I., Bjorkman, A.D., Bonari, G., Bondareva, V., Brunet, J., Čarni, A., Casella, L., Cayuela, L., Černý, T., Chepinoga, V., Csiky, J., Ćušterevska, R., De Bie, E., Gasper, A.L., De Sanctis, M., Dimopoulos, P., Dolezal, J., Dziuba, T., El‐Sheikh, M.A.El‐R.M., Enquist, B., Ewald, J., Fazayeli, F., Field, R., Finckh, M., Gachet, S., Galán‐de‐Mera, A., Garbolino, E., Gholizadeh, H., Giorgis, M., Golub, V., Alsos, I.G., Grytnes, J‐A, Guerin, G.R., Gutiérrez, A.G., Haider, S., Hatim, M.Z., Hérault, B., Hinojos Mendoza, G., Hölzel, N., Homeier, J., Hubau, W., Indreica, A., Janssen, J.A.M., Jedrzejek, B., Jentsch, A., Jürgens, N., Kącki, Z., Kapfer, J., Karger, D.N., Kavgacı, A., Kearsley, E., Kessler, M., Khanina, L., Killeen, T., Korolyuk, A., Kreft, H., Kühl, H.S., Kuzemko, A., Landucci, F., Lengyel, A., Lens, F., Lingner, D.V., Liu, H., Lysenko, T., Mahecha, M.D., Marcenò, C., Martynenko, V., Moeslund, J.E., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Mucina, L., Müller, J.V., Munzinger, J., Naqinezhad, A., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Onyshchenko, V., Overbeck, G.E., Pärtel, M., Pauchard, A., Peet, R.K., Penuelas, J., Pérez‐Haase, A., Peterka, T., Petřík, P., Peyre, G., Phillips, O.L., Prokhorov, V., Rašomavičius, V., Revermann, R., Rivas‐Torres, G., Rodwell, J.S., Ruprecht, E., Rūsiņa, S., Samimi, C., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Shan, H., Shirokikh, P., Šibík, J., Šilc, U., Sklenář, P., Škvorc, Ž., Sparrow, B., Sperandii, M.G., Stančić, Z., Svenning, J‐C, Tang, Z., Tang, C.Q., Tsiripidis, I., Vanselow, K.A., Vásquez Martínez, R., Vassilev, K., Vélez‐Martin, E., Venanzoni, R., Vibrans, A.C., Violle, C., Virtanen, R., Wehrden, H., Wagner, V., Walker, D.A., Waller, D.M., Wang, H‐F, Wesche, K., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Willner, W., Wiser, S.K., Wohlgemuth, T., Yamalov, S., Zobel, M., Bruelheide, H., Bates, A., Sabatini, F.M., Lenoir, J., Hattab, T., Arnst, E., Chytrý, M., Dengler, J., De Ruffray, P., Hennekens, S.M., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jimenez‐Alfaro, B., Kattge, J., Levesley, A., Pillar, V.D., Purschke, O., Sandel, B., Sultana, F., Aavik, T., Aćić, S., Acosta, A.T.R., Agrillo, E., Álvarez, M., Apostolova, I., Arfin Khan, M.A.S., Arroyo, L., Attorre, F., Aubin, I., Banerjee, A., Bauters, M., Bergeron, Y., Bergmeier, E., Biurrun, I., Bjorkman, A.D., Bonari, G., Bondareva, V., Brunet, J., Čarni, A., Casella, L., Cayuela, L., Černý, T., Chepinoga, V., Csiky, J., Ćušterevska, R., De Bie, E., Gasper, A.L., De Sanctis, M., Dimopoulos, P., Dolezal, J., Dziuba, T., El‐Sheikh, M.A.El‐R.M., Enquist, B., Ewald, J., Fazayeli, F., Field, R., Finckh, M., Gachet, S., Galán‐de‐Mera, A., Garbolino, E., Gholizadeh, H., Giorgis, M., Golub, V., Alsos, I.G., Grytnes, J‐A, Guerin, G.R., Gutiérrez, A.G., Haider, S., Hatim, M.Z., Hérault, B., Hinojos Mendoza, G., Hölzel, N., Homeier, J., Hubau, W., Indreica, A., Janssen, J.A.M., Jedrzejek, B., Jentsch, A., Jürgens, N., Kącki, Z., Kapfer, J., Karger, D.N., Kavgacı, A., Kearsley, E., Kessler, M., Khanina, L., Killeen, T., Korolyuk, A., Kreft, H., Kühl, H.S., Kuzemko, A., Landucci, F., Lengyel, A., Lens, F., Lingner, D.V., Liu, H., Lysenko, T., Mahecha, M.D., Marcenò, C., Martynenko, V., Moeslund, J.E., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Mucina, L., Müller, J.V., Munzinger, J., Naqinezhad, A., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Onyshchenko, V., Overbeck, G.E., Pärtel, M., Pauchard, A., Peet, R.K., Penuelas, J., Pérez‐Haase, A., Peterka, T., Petřík, P., Peyre, G., Phillips, O.L., Prokhorov, V., Rašomavičius, V., Revermann, R., Rivas‐Torres, G., Rodwell, J.S., Ruprecht, E., Rūsiņa, S., Samimi, C., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Shan, H., Shirokikh, P., Šibík, J., Šilc, U., Sklenář, P., Škvorc, Ž., Sparrow, B., Sperandii, M.G., Stančić, Z., Svenning, J‐C, Tang, Z., Tang, C.Q., Tsiripidis, I., Vanselow, K.A., Vásquez Martínez, R., Vassilev, K., Vélez‐Martin, E., Venanzoni, R., Vibrans, A.C., Violle, C., Virtanen, R., Wehrden, H., Wagner, V., Walker, D.A., Waller, D.M., Wang, H‐F, Wesche, K., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Willner, W., Wiser, S.K., Wohlgemuth, T., Yamalov, S., Zobel, M., Bruelheide, H., and Bates, A.

Abstract

Assessing biodiversity status and trends in plant communities is critical for understanding, quantifying and predicting the effects of global change on ecosystems. Vegetation plots record the occurrence or abundance of all plant species co-occurring within delimited local areas. This allows species absences to be inferred, information seldom provided by existing global plant datasets. Although many vegetation plots have been recorded, most are not available to the global research community. A recent initiative, called ‘sPlot’, compiled the first global vegetation plot database, and continues to grow and curate it. The sPlot database, however, is extremely unbalanced spatially and environmentally, and is not open-access. Here, we address both these issues by (a) resampling the vegetation plots using several environmental variables as sampling strata and (b) securing permission from data holders of 105 local-to-regional datasets to openly release data. We thus present sPlotOpen, the largest open-access dataset of vegetation plots ever released. sPlotOpen can be used to explore global diversity at the plant community level, as ground truth data in remote sensing applications, or as a baseline for biodiversity monitoring.

Published
2021

35. Environmental correlates of morphological diversity in Australian geckos

Author

Sandel, B, Norris, J, Tingley, R, Meiri, S, Chapple, DG, Sandel, B, Norris, J, Tingley, R, Meiri, S, and Chapple, DG

Abstract

Aim Climatic variation has long been regarded as a primary source of morphological variation. However, there is mixed support for the adherence of reptiles to ecogeographical hypotheses, such as Bergmann’s rule (body size decreases with temperature) and Allen’s rule (limb length increases with temperature). We quantified body and limb morphology among the diverse Australian gecko fauna (4 families, 30 genera, 226 of the 231 described species) to investigate environmental correlates of morphological variation in this radiation. Location Australia. Major taxa studied Geckos (Squamata: Gekkota; the families Gekkonidae, Carphodactylidae, Diplodactylidae and Pygopodidae). Methods We measured 20 external features of ethanol‐preserved museum specimens. We investigated whether principal component axes of morphology were correlated with three key environmental variables, and the microhabitat occupied by each species. Results Morphology varied greatly among Australian gecko families and genera, although there was a strong phylogenetic signal in morphology. After accounting for phylogeny, morphology was correlated with a species’ microhabitat use. Saxicolous species and species with variable microhabitat requirements (i.e., generalists) had larger body dimensions than terrestrial species. Saxicolous species also had longer proportional forelimbs and hindlimbs than terrestrial species. Main conclusions Our results highlight the importance of phylogeny and microhabitat use in shaping the morphology of Australian geckos. We find little evidence that Australian geckos adhere to Bergmann’s rule or Allen’s rule, suggesting that these ecogeographical hypotheses provide limited insight into the adaptive potential of lizard species to altered environmental conditions.

Published
2021

36. sPlotOpen:an environmentally balanced, open-access, global dataset of vegetation plots

Author

Sabatini, F. M. (Francesco Maria), Lenoir, J. (Jonathan), Hattab, T. (Tarek), Arnst, E. A. (Elise Aimee), Chytry, M. (Milan), Dengler, J. (Juergen), De Ruffray, P. (Patrice), Hennekens, S. M. (Stephan M.), Jandt, U. (Ute), Jansen, F. (Florian), Jimenez-Alfaro, B. (Borja), Kattge, J. (Jens), Levesley, A. (Aurora), Pillar, V. D. (Valerio D.), Purschke, O. (Oliver), Sandel, B. (Brody), Sultana, F. (Fahmida), Aavik, T. (Tsipe), Acic, S. (Svetlana), Acosta, A. T. (Alicia T. R.), Agrillo, E. (Emiliano), Alvarez, M. (Miguel), Apostolova, I. (Iva), Arfin Khan, M. A. (Mohammed A. S.), Arroyo, L. (Luzmila), Attorre, F. (Fabio), Aubin, I. (Isabelle), Banerjee, A. (Arindam), Bauters, M. (Marijn), Bergeron, Y. (Yves), Bergmeier, E. (Erwin), Biurrun, I. (Idoia), Bjorkman, A. D. (Anne D.), Bonari, G. (Gianmaria), Bondareva, V. (Viktoria), Brunet, J. (Jorg), Carni, A. (Andraz), Casella, L. (Laura), Cayuela, L. (Luis), Cerny, T. (Tomas), Chepinoga, V. (Victor), Csiky, J. (Janos), Custerevska, R. (Renata), De Bie, E. (Els), de Gasper, A. L. (Andre Luis), De Sanctis, M. (Michele), Dimopoulos, P. (Panayotis), Dolezal, J. (Jiri), Dziuba, T. (Tetiana), El-Sheikh, M. A. (Mohamed Abd El-Rouf Mousa), Enquist, B. (Brian), Ewald, J. (Joerg), Fazayeli, F. (Farideh), Field, R. (Richard), Finckh, M. (Manfred), Gachet, S. (Sophie), Galan-de-Mera, A. (Antonio), Garbolino, E. (Emmanuel), Gholizadeh, H. (Hamid), Giorgis, M. (Melisa), Golub, V. (Valentin), Alsos, I. G. (Inger Greve), Grytnes, J.-A. (John-Arvid), Guerin, G. R. (Gregory Richard), Gutierrez, A. G. (Alvaro G.), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Hatim, M. Z. (Mohamed Z.), Herault, B. (Bruno), Hinojos Mendoza, G. (Guillermo), Hoelzel, N. (Norbert), Homeier, J. (Juergen), Hubau, W. (Wannes), Indreica, A. (Adrian), Janssen, J. A. (John A. M.), Jedrzejek, B. (Birgit), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Juergens, N. (Norbert), Kacki, Z. (Zygmunt), Kapfer, J. (Jutta), Karger, D. N. (Dirk Nikolaus), Kavgaci, A. (Ali), Kearsley, E. (Elizabeth), Kessler, M. (Michael), Khanina, L. (Larisa), Killeen, T. (Timothy), Korolyuk, A. (Andrey), Kreft, H. (Holger), Kuehl, H. S. (Hjalmar S.), Kuzemko, A. (Anna), Landucci, F. (Flavia), Lengyel, A. (Attila), Lens, F. (Frederic), Lingner, D. V. (Debora Vanessa), Liu, H. (Hongyan), Lysenko, T. (Tatiana), Mahecha, M. D. (Miguel D.), Marceno, C. (Corrado), Martynenko, V. (Vasiliy), Moeslund, J. E. (Jesper Erenskjold), Monteagudo Mendoza, A. (Abel), Mucina, L. (Ladislav), Muller, J. V. (Jonas V.), Munzinger, J. (Jerome), Naqinezhad, A. (Alireza), Noroozi, J. (Jalil), Nowak, A. (Arkadiusz), Onyshchenko, V. (Viktor), Overbeck, G. E. (Gerhard E.), Partel, M. (Meelis), Pauchard, A. (Anibal), Peet, R. K. (Robert K.), Penuelas, J. (Josep), Perez-Haase, A. (Aaron), Peterka, T. (Tomas), Petrik, P. (Petr), Peyre, G. (Gwendolyn), Phillips, O. L. (Oliver L.), Prokhorov, V. (Vadim), Rasomavicius, V. (Valerijus), Revermann, R. (Rasmus), Rivas-Torres, G. (Gonzalo), Rodwell, J. S. (John S.), Ruprecht, E. (Eszter), Rusina, S. (Solvita), Samimi, C. (Cyrus), Schmidt, M. (Marco), Schrodt, F. (Franziska), Shan, H. (Hanhuai), Shirokikh, P. (Pavel), Sibik, J. (Jozef), Silc, U. (Urban), Sklenar, P. (Petr), Skvorc, Z. (Zeljko), Sparrow, B. (Ben), Sperandii, M. G. (Marta Gaia), Stancic, Z. (Zvjezdana), Svenning, J.-C. (Jens-Christian), Tang, Z. (Zhiyao), Tang, C. Q. (Cindy Q.), Tsiripidis, I. (Ioannis), Vanselow, K. A. (Kim Andre), Vasquez Martinez, R. (Rodolfo), Vassilev, K. (Kiril), Velez-Martin, E. (Eduardo), Venanzoni, R. (Roberto), Vibrans, A. C. (Alexander Christian), Violle, C. (Cyrille), Virtanen, R. (Risto), von Wehrden, H. (Henrik), Wagner, V. (Viktoria), Walker, D. A. (Donald A.), Waller, D. M. (Donald M.), Wang, H.-F. (Hua-Feng), Wesche, K. (Karsten), Whitfeld, T. J. (Timothy J. S.), Willner, W. (Wolfgang), Wiser, S. K. (Susan K.), Wohlgemuth, T. (Thomas), Yamalov, S. (Sergey), Zobel, M. (Martin), Bruelheide, H. (Helge), Sabatini, F. M. (Francesco Maria), Lenoir, J. (Jonathan), Hattab, T. (Tarek), Arnst, E. A. (Elise Aimee), Chytry, M. (Milan), Dengler, J. (Juergen), De Ruffray, P. (Patrice), Hennekens, S. M. (Stephan M.), Jandt, U. (Ute), Jansen, F. (Florian), Jimenez-Alfaro, B. (Borja), Kattge, J. (Jens), Levesley, A. (Aurora), Pillar, V. D. (Valerio D.), Purschke, O. (Oliver), Sandel, B. (Brody), Sultana, F. (Fahmida), Aavik, T. (Tsipe), Acic, S. (Svetlana), Acosta, A. T. (Alicia T. R.), Agrillo, E. (Emiliano), Alvarez, M. (Miguel), Apostolova, I. (Iva), Arfin Khan, M. A. (Mohammed A. S.), Arroyo, L. (Luzmila), Attorre, F. (Fabio), Aubin, I. (Isabelle), Banerjee, A. (Arindam), Bauters, M. (Marijn), Bergeron, Y. (Yves), Bergmeier, E. (Erwin), Biurrun, I. (Idoia), Bjorkman, A. D. (Anne D.), Bonari, G. (Gianmaria), Bondareva, V. (Viktoria), Brunet, J. (Jorg), Carni, A. (Andraz), Casella, L. (Laura), Cayuela, L. (Luis), Cerny, T. (Tomas), Chepinoga, V. (Victor), Csiky, J. (Janos), Custerevska, R. (Renata), De Bie, E. (Els), de Gasper, A. L. (Andre Luis), De Sanctis, M. (Michele), Dimopoulos, P. (Panayotis), Dolezal, J. (Jiri), Dziuba, T. (Tetiana), El-Sheikh, M. A. (Mohamed Abd El-Rouf Mousa), Enquist, B. (Brian), Ewald, J. (Joerg), Fazayeli, F. (Farideh), Field, R. (Richard), Finckh, M. (Manfred), Gachet, S. (Sophie), Galan-de-Mera, A. (Antonio), Garbolino, E. (Emmanuel), Gholizadeh, H. (Hamid), Giorgis, M. (Melisa), Golub, V. (Valentin), Alsos, I. G. (Inger Greve), Grytnes, J.-A. (John-Arvid), Guerin, G. R. (Gregory Richard), Gutierrez, A. G. (Alvaro G.), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Hatim, M. Z. (Mohamed Z.), Herault, B. (Bruno), Hinojos Mendoza, G. (Guillermo), Hoelzel, N. (Norbert), Homeier, J. (Juergen), Hubau, W. (Wannes), Indreica, A. (Adrian), Janssen, J. A. (John A. M.), Jedrzejek, B. (Birgit), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Juergens, N. (Norbert), Kacki, Z. (Zygmunt), Kapfer, J. (Jutta), Karger, D. N. (Dirk Nikolaus), Kavgaci, A. (Ali), Kearsley, E. (Elizabeth), Kessler, M. (Michael), Khanina, L. (Larisa), Killeen, T. (Timothy), Korolyuk, A. (Andrey), Kreft, H. (Holger), Kuehl, H. S. (Hjalmar S.), Kuzemko, A. (Anna), Landucci, F. (Flavia), Lengyel, A. (Attila), Lens, F. (Frederic), Lingner, D. V. (Debora Vanessa), Liu, H. (Hongyan), Lysenko, T. (Tatiana), Mahecha, M. D. (Miguel D.), Marceno, C. (Corrado), Martynenko, V. (Vasiliy), Moeslund, J. E. (Jesper Erenskjold), Monteagudo Mendoza, A. (Abel), Mucina, L. (Ladislav), Muller, J. V. (Jonas V.), Munzinger, J. (Jerome), Naqinezhad, A. (Alireza), Noroozi, J. (Jalil), Nowak, A. (Arkadiusz), Onyshchenko, V. (Viktor), Overbeck, G. E. (Gerhard E.), Partel, M. (Meelis), Pauchard, A. (Anibal), Peet, R. K. (Robert K.), Penuelas, J. (Josep), Perez-Haase, A. (Aaron), Peterka, T. (Tomas), Petrik, P. (Petr), Peyre, G. (Gwendolyn), Phillips, O. L. (Oliver L.), Prokhorov, V. (Vadim), Rasomavicius, V. (Valerijus), Revermann, R. (Rasmus), Rivas-Torres, G. (Gonzalo), Rodwell, J. S. (John S.), Ruprecht, E. (Eszter), Rusina, S. (Solvita), Samimi, C. (Cyrus), Schmidt, M. (Marco), Schrodt, F. (Franziska), Shan, H. (Hanhuai), Shirokikh, P. (Pavel), Sibik, J. (Jozef), Silc, U. (Urban), Sklenar, P. (Petr), Skvorc, Z. (Zeljko), Sparrow, B. (Ben), Sperandii, M. G. (Marta Gaia), Stancic, Z. (Zvjezdana), Svenning, J.-C. (Jens-Christian), Tang, Z. (Zhiyao), Tang, C. Q. (Cindy Q.), Tsiripidis, I. (Ioannis), Vanselow, K. A. (Kim Andre), Vasquez Martinez, R. (Rodolfo), Vassilev, K. (Kiril), Velez-Martin, E. (Eduardo), Venanzoni, R. (Roberto), Vibrans, A. C. (Alexander Christian), Violle, C. (Cyrille), Virtanen, R. (Risto), von Wehrden, H. (Henrik), Wagner, V. (Viktoria), Walker, D. A. (Donald A.), Waller, D. M. (Donald M.), Wang, H.-F. (Hua-Feng), Wesche, K. (Karsten), Whitfeld, T. J. (Timothy J. S.), Willner, W. (Wolfgang), Wiser, S. K. (Susan K.), Wohlgemuth, T. (Thomas), Yamalov, S. (Sergey), Zobel, M. (Martin), and Bruelheide, H. (Helge)

Abstract

Motivation: Assessing biodiversity status and trends in plant communities is critical for understanding, quantifying and predicting the effects of global change on ecosystems. Vegetation plots record the occurrence or abundance of all plant species co-occurring within delimited local areas. This allows species absences to be inferred, information seldom provided by existing global plant datasets. Although many vegetation plots have been recorded, most are not available to the global research community. A recent initiative, called ‘sPlot’, compiled the first global vegetation plot database, and continues to grow and curate it. The sPlot database, however, is extremely unbalanced spatially and environmentally, and is not open-access. Here, we address both these issues by (a) resampling the vegetation plots using several environmental variables as sampling strata and (b) securing permission from data holders of 105 local-to-regional datasets to openly release data. We thus present sPlotOpen, the largest open-access dataset of vegetation plots ever released. sPlotOpen can be used to explore global diversity at the plant community level, as ground truth data in remote sensing applications, or as a baseline for biodiversity monitoring. Main types of variable contained: Vegetation plots (n = 95,104) recording cover or abundance of naturally co-occurring vascular plant species within delimited areas. sPlotOpen contains three partially overlapping resampled datasets (c. 50,000 plots each), to be used as replicates in global analyses. Besides geographical location, date, plot size, biome, elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation type, naturalness, coverage of various vegetation layers, and source dataset, plot-level data also include community-weighted means and variances of 18 plant functional traits from the TRY Plant Trait Database. Spatial location and grain: Global, 0.01–40,000 m². Time period and grain: 1888–2015, recording dates. Major taxa and level of measuremen

Published
2021

37. Synthesizing tree biodiversity data to understand global patterns and processes of vegetation

Author

Keppel, G., Craven, D., Weigelt, P., Smith, S.A., van der Sande, Masha Tamara, Sandel, B., Levin, S.C., Kreft, H., Knight, Tiffany, Keppel, G., Craven, D., Weigelt, P., Smith, S.A., van der Sande, Masha Tamara, Sandel, B., Levin, S.C., Kreft, H., and Knight, Tiffany

Abstract

Aims Trees dominate the biomass in many ecosystems and are essential for ecosystem functioning and human well‐being. They are also one of the best studied functional groups of plants, with vast amounts of biodiversity data available in scattered sources. We here aim to illustrate that an efficient integration of this data could produce a more holistic understanding of vegetation. Methods To assess the extent of potential data integration, we use key databases of plant biodiversity to 1) obtain a list of tree species and their distributions, 2) identify coverage and gaps of different aspects of tree biodiversity data, and 3) discuss large‐scale patterns of tree biodiversity in relation to vegetation. Results Our global list of trees included 58,044 species. Taxonomic coverage varies in three key databases, with data on the distribution, functional traits, and molecular sequences for about 84%, 45% and 44% of all tree species, which is > 10% greater than for plants overall. For 28% of all tree species, data are available in all three databases. However, less data are digitally accessible about the demography, ecological interactions, and socio‐economic role of tree species. Integrating and imputing existing tree biodiversity data, mobilization of non‐digitized resources and targeted data collection, especially in tropical countries, could help closing some of the remaining data gaps. Conclusions Due to their key ecosystem roles and having large amounts of accessible data, trees are a good model group for understanding vegetation patterns. Indeed, tree biodiversity data are already beginning to elucidate the community dynamics, functional diversity, evolutionary history and ecological interactions of vegetation, with great potential for future applications. An interoperable and openly accessible framework linking various databases would greatly benefit future macroecological studies, and should be linked to a platform that makes information readily acce

Published
2021

39. The loss of ions from Venus through the plasma wake

Author

Barabash, S., Fedorov, A., Sauvaud, J. J., Lundin, R., Russell, C. T., Futaana, Y., Zhang, T. L., Andersson, H., Brinkfeldt, K., Grigoriev, A., Holmström, M., Yamauchi, M., Asamura, K., Baumjohann, W., Lammer, H., Coates, A. J., Kataria, D. O., Linder, D. R., Curtis, C. C., Hsieh, K. C., Sandel, B. R., Grande, M., Gunell, H., Koskinen, H. E. J., Kallio, E., Riihelä, P., Säles, T., Schmidt, W., Kozyra, J., Krupp, N., Fränz, M., Woch, J., Luhmann, J., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Mazelle, C., Thocaven, J.-J., Orsini, S., Cerulli-Irelli, R., Mura, M., Milillo, M., Maggi, M., Roelof, E., Brandt, P., Szego, K., Winningham, J. D., Frahm, R. A., Scherrer, J., Sharber, J. R., Wurz, P., and Bochsler, P.

Published
2007
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40. IMF Direction Derived from Cycloid-Like Ion Distributions Observed by Mars Express

Author

Yamauchi, M., Futaana, Y., Fedorov, A., Dubinin, E., Lundin, R., Sauvaud, J.-A., Winningham, D., Frahm, R., Barabash, S., Holmstrom, M., Woch, J., Fraenz, M., Budnik, E., Borg, H., Sharber, J. R., Coates, A. J., Soobiah, Y., Koskinen, H., Kallio, E., Asamura, K., Hayakawa, H., Curtis, C., Hsieh, K. C., Sandel, B. R., Grande, M., Grigoriev, A., Wurz, P., Orsini, S., Brandt, P., Mckenna-Lawler, S., Kozyra, J., and Luhmann, J.

Published
2006
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41. The Analyzer of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA-3) for the Mars Express Mission

Author

Barabash, S., Lundin, R., Andersson, H., Brinkfeldt, K., Grigoriev, A., Gunell, H., Holmström, M., Yamauchi, M., Asamura, K., Bochsler, P., Wurz, P., Cerulli-Irelli, R., Mura, A., Milillo, A., Maggi, M., Orsini, S., Coates, A. J., Linder, D. R., Kataria, D. O., Curtis, C. C., Hsieh, K. C., Sandel, B. R., Frahm, R. A., Sharber, J. R., Winningham, J. D., Grande, M., Kallio, E., Koskinen, H., Riihelä, P., Schmidt, W., Säles, T., Kozyra, J. U., Krupp, N., Woch, J., Livi, S., Luhmann, J. G., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Roelof, E. C., Williams, D. J., Sauvaud, J.-A., Fedorov, A., and Thocaven, J.-J.

Published
2006
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42. A warm layer in Venus' cryosphere and high-altitude measurements of HF, HCl, H2O and HDO

Author

Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Vandaele, Ann-Carine, Korablev, Oleg, Villard, E., Fedorova, A., Fussen, D., Quemerais, E., Belyaev, D., Mahieux, A., Montmessin, F., Muller, C., Neefs, E., Nevejans, D., Wilquet, V., Dubois, J. P., Hauchecorne, A., Stepanov, A., Vinogradov, I., Rodin, A., Cabane, M., Chassefiere, E., Chaufray, J. Y., Dimarellis, E., Leblanc, F., Lefevre, F., Rannou, P., Van Ransbeeck, E., Zasova, L., Forget, F., Lebonnois, S., Titov, D., Rafkin, S., Durry, G., Gerard, J. C., and Sandel, B.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Jean-Loup Bertaux [1, 2, 5]; Ann-Carine Vandaele [3]; Oleg Korablev [4]; E. Villard [1, 2, 5]; A. Fedorova [4]; D. Fussen [3]; E. Quémerais [1, 2, 5]; D. Belyaev [...]

Published
2007
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43. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author

Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Beck, P. S. A., Georges, D., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H. D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K. S., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Johnstone, J. F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T. C., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Shetti, R., Speed, J. D. M., Suding, K. N., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A. J., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S. E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P. A., Zamin, T. J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, F. S., Craine, J. M., Dainese, M., Green, W. A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P. B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B. S., Sheremetiev, S. N., de Vries, F. T., Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Beck, P. S. A., Georges, D., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H. D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K. S., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Johnstone, J. F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T. C., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Shetti, R., Speed, J. D. M., Suding, K. N., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A. J., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S. E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P. A., Zamin, T. J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, F. S., Craine, J. M., Dainese, M., Green, W. A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P. B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B. S., Sheremetiev, S. N., and de Vries, F. T.

Published
2020

44. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H. J. (H. J. D.), Bjorkman, A. D. (A. D.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (I. H.), Elmendorf, S. C. (S. C.), Kattge, J. (J.), Diaz, S. (S.), Vellend, M. (M.), Blok, D. (D.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. H. C.), Forbes, B. C. (B. C.), Henry, G. H. (G. H. R.), Hollister, R. D. (R. D.), Normand, S. (S.), Prevey, J. S. (J. S.), Rixen, C. (C.), Schaepman-Strub, G. (G.), Wilmking, M. (M.), Wipf, S. (S.), Cornwell, W. K. (W. K.), Beck, P. S. (P. S. A.), Georges, D. (D.), Goetz, S. J. (S. J.), Guay, K. C. (K. C.), Ruger, N. (N.), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (N. A.), Spasojevic, M. J. (M. J.), Alatalo, J. M. (J. M.), Alexander, H. D. (H. D.), Anadon-Rosell, A. (A.), Angers-Blondin, S. (S.), te Beest, M. (M.), Berner, L. T. (L. T.), Bjoerk, R. G. (R. G.), Buchwal, A. (A.), Buras, A. (A.), Carbognani, M. (M.), Christie, K. S. (K. S.), Collier, L. S. (L. S.), Cooper, E. J. (E. J.), Elberling, B. (B.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Frei, E. R. (E. R.), Grau, O. (O.), Grogan, P. (P.), Hallinger, M. (M.), Heijmans, M. M. (M. M. P. D.), Hermanutz, L. (L.), Hudson, J. M. (J. M. G.), Johnstone, J. F. (J. F.), Huelber, K. (K.), Iturrate-Garcia, M. (M.), Iversen, C. M. (C. M.), Jaroszynska, F. (F.), Kaarlejarvi, E. (E.), Kulonen, A. (A.), Lamarque, L. J. (L. J.), Lantz, T. C. (T. C.), Levesque, E. (E.), Little, C. J. (C. J.), Michelsen, A. (A.), Milbau, A. (A.), Nabe-Nielsen, J. (J.), Nielsen, S. S. (S. S.), Ninot, J. M. (J. M.), Oberbauer, S. F. (S. F.), Olofsson, J. (J.), Onipchenko, V. G. (V. G.), Petraglia, A. (A.), Rumpf, S. B. (S. B.), Shetti, R. (R.), Speed, J. D. (J. D. M.), Suding, K. N. (K. N.), Tape, K. D. (K. D.), Tomaselli, M. (M.), Trant, A. J. (A. J.), Treier, U. A. (U. A.), Tremblay, M. (M.), Venn, S. E. (S. E.), Vowles, T. (T.), Weijers, S. (S.), Wookey, P. A. (P. A.), Zamin, T. J. (T. J.), Bahn, M. (M.), Blonder, B. (B.), van Bodegom, P. M. (P. M.), Bond-Lamberty, B. (B.), Campetella, G. (G.), Cerabolini, B. E. (B. E. L.), Chapin, F. S. (F. S., III), Craine, J. M. (J. M.), Dainese, M. (M.), Green, W. A. (W. A.), Jansen, S. (S.), Kleyer, M. (M.), Manning, P. (P.), Niinemets, U. (U.), Onoda, Y. (Y.), Ozinga, W. A. (W. A.), Penuelas, J. (J.), Poschlod, P. (P.), Reich, P. B. (P. B.), Sandel, B. (B.), Schamp, B. S. (B. S.), Sheremetiev, S. N. (S. N.), de Vries, F. T. (F. T.), Thomas, H. J. (H. J. D.), Bjorkman, A. D. (A. D.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (I. H.), Elmendorf, S. C. (S. C.), Kattge, J. (J.), Diaz, S. (S.), Vellend, M. (M.), Blok, D. (D.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. H. C.), Forbes, B. C. (B. C.), Henry, G. H. (G. H. R.), Hollister, R. D. (R. D.), Normand, S. (S.), Prevey, J. S. (J. S.), Rixen, C. (C.), Schaepman-Strub, G. (G.), Wilmking, M. (M.), Wipf, S. (S.), Cornwell, W. K. (W. K.), Beck, P. S. (P. S. A.), Georges, D. (D.), Goetz, S. J. (S. J.), Guay, K. C. (K. C.), Ruger, N. (N.), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (N. A.), Spasojevic, M. J. (M. J.), Alatalo, J. M. (J. M.), Alexander, H. D. (H. D.), Anadon-Rosell, A. (A.), Angers-Blondin, S. (S.), te Beest, M. (M.), Berner, L. T. (L. T.), Bjoerk, R. G. (R. G.), Buchwal, A. (A.), Buras, A. (A.), Carbognani, M. (M.), Christie, K. S. (K. S.), Collier, L. S. (L. S.), Cooper, E. J. (E. J.), Elberling, B. (B.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Frei, E. R. (E. R.), Grau, O. (O.), Grogan, P. (P.), Hallinger, M. (M.), Heijmans, M. M. (M. M. P. D.), Hermanutz, L. (L.), Hudson, J. M. (J. M. G.), Johnstone, J. F. (J. F.), Huelber, K. (K.), Iturrate-Garcia, M. (M.), Iversen, C. M. (C. M.), Jaroszynska, F. (F.), Kaarlejarvi, E. (E.), Kulonen, A. (A.), Lamarque, L. J. (L. J.), Lantz, T. C. (T. C.), Levesque, E. (E.), Little, C. J. (C. J.), Michelsen, A. (A.), Milbau, A. (A.), Nabe-Nielsen, J. (J.), Nielsen, S. S. (S. S.), Ninot, J. M. (J. M.), Oberbauer, S. F. (S. F.), Olofsson, J. (J.), Onipchenko, V. G. (V. G.), Petraglia, A. (A.), Rumpf, S. B. (S. B.), Shetti, R. (R.), Speed, J. D. (J. D. M.), Suding, K. N. (K. N.), Tape, K. D. (K. D.), Tomaselli, M. (M.), Trant, A. J. (A. J.), Treier, U. A. (U. A.), Tremblay, M. (M.), Venn, S. E. (S. E.), Vowles, T. (T.), Weijers, S. (S.), Wookey, P. A. (P. A.), Zamin, T. J. (T. J.), Bahn, M. (M.), Blonder, B. (B.), van Bodegom, P. M. (P. M.), Bond-Lamberty, B. (B.), Campetella, G. (G.), Cerabolini, B. E. (B. E. L.), Chapin, F. S. (F. S., III), Craine, J. M. (J. M.), Dainese, M. (M.), Green, W. A. (W. A.), Jansen, S. (S.), Kleyer, M. (M.), Manning, P. (P.), Niinemets, U. (U.), Onoda, Y. (Y.), Ozinga, W. A. (W. A.), Penuelas, J. (J.), Poschlod, P. (P.), Reich, P. B. (P. B.), Sandel, B. (B.), Schamp, B. S. (B. S.), Sheremetiev, S. N. (S. N.), and de Vries, F. T. (F. T.)

Abstract

The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.

Published
2020

45. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H.J.D., Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Henry, G.H.R., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Beck, P.S.A., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K.S., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Johnstone, J.F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T.C., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Shetti, R., Speed, J.D.M., Suding, K.N., Tape, K.D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A.J., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S.E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P.A., Zamin, T.J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin, F.S., Craine, J.M., Dainese, M., Green, W.A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W.A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P.B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B.S., Sheremetiev, S.N., de Vries, F.T., Thomas, H.J.D., Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Henry, G.H.R., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Beck, P.S.A., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K.S., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Johnstone, J.F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T.C., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Shetti, R., Speed, J.D.M., Suding, K.N., Tape, K.D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A.J., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S.E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P.A., Zamin, T.J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin, F.S., Craine, J.M., Dainese, M., Green, W.A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W.A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P.B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B.S., Sheremetiev, S.N., and de Vries, F.T.

Abstract

The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.

Published
2020

46. Drivers of large‐scale geographical variation in sexual systems of woody plants

Author

Sandel, Brody, Sandel, B ( Brody ), Wang, Yunyun; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-8996, Lyu, Tong, Shrestha, Nawal, Lyu, Lisha, Li, Yaoqi, Schmid, Bernhard; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-3214, Freckleton, Robert P, Dimitrov, Dimitar; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5830-5702, Liu, Shuguang, Hao, Zhanqing, Wang, Zhiheng, Sandel, Brody, Sandel, B ( Brody ), Wang, Yunyun; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-8996, Lyu, Tong, Shrestha, Nawal, Lyu, Lisha, Li, Yaoqi, Schmid, Bernhard; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-3214, Freckleton, Robert P, Dimitrov, Dimitar; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5830-5702, Liu, Shuguang, Hao, Zhanqing, and Wang, Zhiheng

Abstract

Sexual systems strongly influence angiosperm evolution and play important roles in community assembly and species responses to climate change. However, geographical variation in proportions of different sexual systems (dioecy, monoecy and hermaphroditism) in response to changes in climate, life‐history traits and evolutionary age remains poorly understood. Here, we map the geographical variation in proportions of different sexual systems and hypothesize that the prevalence of hermaphrodites increases with aridity owing to their advantages in colonizing harsh environments, whereas dioecy is most successful in humid regions with tall‐canopy vegetation and old floras.

Published
2020

48. SPICAV on Venus Express: Three spectrometers to study the global structure and composition of the Venus atmosphere

Author

Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Nevejans, D., Korablev, O., Villard, E., Quémerais, E., Neefs, E., Montmessin, F., Leblanc, F., Dubois, J.P., Dimarellis, E., Hauchecorne, A., Lefèvre, F., Rannou, P., Chaufray, J.Y., Cabane, M., Cernogora, G., Souchon, G., Semelin, F., Reberac, A., Van Ransbeek, E., Berkenbosch, S., Clairquin, R., Muller, C., Forget, F., Hourdin, F., Talagrand, O., Rodin, A., Fedorova, A., Stepanov, A., Vinogradov, I., Kiselev, A., Kalinnikov, Yu., Durry, Georges, Sandel, B., Stern, A., and Gérard, J.C.

Published
2007
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49. Solar wind plasma protrusion into the martian magnetosphere: ASPERA-3 observations

Author

Dubinin, E., Winningham, D., Franz, M., Woch, J., Lundin, R., Barabash, S., Fedorov, A., Frahm, R., Sharber, J.R., Coates, A.J., Krupp, N., Sauvaud, J.-A., Holmstrom, M., Andersson, H., Yamauchi, M., Grigoriev, A., Thocaven, J.-J., Asamura, K., Curtis, C., Hsieh, K.S., Sandel, B., Koskinen, H., Kallio, E., Riihela, P., Schmidt, W., Sales, T., Kozyra, J., Luhmann, J., McKenna-Lawler, S., Cerulli-Irelli, R., Orsini, S., Maggi, M., Roelof, E., Williams, D., Livi, S., Wurz, P., Bochsler, P., Dierker, C., Grande, M., and Carter, M.

Subjects
Solar wind -- Observations, Magnetosphere -- Observations, Mars (Planet) -- Environmental aspects, Mars (Planet) -- Observations, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

The ASPERA-3 experiment onboard the Mars Express spacecraft revealed, near the wake boundary of Mars, a spatially narrow, strip-like plasma structure composed of magnetosheath-like electrons and planetary ions. The peak electron energy often exceeds the peak energy at the bow shock that indicates a significant heating (acceleration) during the structure formation. It is shown that this structure is formed during efficient plasma penetration into the martian magnetosphere in the region near the terminator. The penetration of sheath electrons and their gradual heating (acceleration) is accompanied by a change of the ion composition from a solar wind plasma to a planetary plasma dominated by oxygen ions. A possible mechanism of plasma inflow to the magnetosphere is discussed. Keywords: Mars; Magnetospheres

Published
2006

50. Electric fields within the martian magnetosphere and ion extraction: ASPERA-3 observations

Author

Dubinin, E., Lundin, R., Franz, M., Woch, J., Barabash, S., Fedorov, A., Winningham, D., Krupp, N., Sauvaud, J.-A., Holmstrom, M., Andersson, H., Yamauchi, M., Grigoriev, A., Thocaven, J.-J., Frahm, R., Sharber, J., Asamura, K., Coates, A., Curtis, C., Hsieh, K.S., Sandel, B., Koskinen, H., Kallio, E., Riihela, P., Schmidt, W., Sales, T., Kozyra, J., Luhmann, J., McKennan-Lawler, S., Cerulli-Irelli, R., Orsini, S., Maggi, M., Roelof, E., Williams, D., Livi, S., Wurz, P., Bochsler, P., Dierker, C., Grande, M., and Carter, M.

Subjects
Mars (Planet) -- Environmental aspects, Mars (Planet) -- Observations, Magnetosphere -- Observations, Ionosphere -- Observations, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

Observations made by the ASPERA-3 experiment onboard the Mars Express spacecraft found within the martian magnetosphere beams of planetary ions. In the energy (E/q)-time spectrograms these beams are often displayed as dispersive-like, ascending or descending (whether the spacecraft moves away or approach the planet) structures. A linear dependence between energy gained by the beam ions and the altitude from the planet suggests their acceleration in the electric field. The values of the electric field evaluated from ion energization occur close to the typical values of the interplanetary motional electric field. This suggests an effective penetration of the solar wind electric field deep into the martian magnetosphere or generation of large fields within the magnetosphere. Two different classes of events are found. At the nominal solar wind conditions, a 'penetration' occurs near the terminator. At the extreme solar wind conditions, the boundary of the induced magnetosphere moves to a more dense upper atmosphere that leads to a strong scavenging of planetary ions from the dayside regions. Keywords: Mars; Solar wind; Magnetospheres; Ionospheres; Magnetic fields

Published
2006

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