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Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is native to the western Mediterranean basin and has an economic importance in southwestern Europe. This importance is based on the use of its wood in the construction, furniture, and paper industries. Bark and other parts of the plant, such as resin, needles, and cones, are by-products with potential industrial application. These parts of the tree stand out because of the presence of secondary metabolites, the main ones being phenolic compounds and terpenes. Bark contains both, while other parts of the plant are mainly composed of terpenes. All these compounds have biological potential, mainly antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The bark has the widest range of industrial applications, and it can be used to obtain dietary supplements and functional foods, adsorbents, and bio-based resins and foams. Resin has a prominent industrial role too, especially in chemical industry. In this manuscript, an overview of these applications is described, opening an innovation opportunity for enterprises to use the by-products and residue of maritime pine. Still, albeit the described application, maritime pine has further applications that are right now being studied under the premises of circular economy. The authors are grateful to the Founda- tion for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to the CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) and to the CISAS (UIDB/05937/2020). S. Heleno and M. Carocho thank FCT for their individual employment program—contract (CEEC-IND/00831/2018, CEECIND/03040/2017), Diana Barros PhD grant (SFRH/BD/146720/2019) and L. Barros also thanks to the national funding by FCT through the institutional scientific employ- ment program—contract for her contract. This work was financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Regional Operation Program North 2020, within the scope of the R&D Enterprise Copromotion project PICAR – Funcionalização de produtos cárneos curados com extra- tos de córtex de pinheiro-bravo do Minho (Pinus pinaster subsp. atlantica) (PICAR – Functionalization of meat prod- ucts with maritime pine cortex extracts (NORTE-01-0247- FEDER-069584). José Ignacio also thanks his contract under the project PICAR. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Secondary metabolism of plants produces molecules that are widely used in the food industry for many years. The demand for these molecules has been increasing, and special focus has been given to volatile molecules. Scope: The study of secondary metabolites with special focus on the volatile molecules is overviewed, explaining their bioactivities and examples of application in the food industry. Approach: Systematic analysis of volatiles and their applications. Specific analysis of volatile components of plants and their use as active packaging and airborne food preservatives. Key findings: Some work has been done regarding volatiles in terms of food preservation but is focused mostly on postharvest protection. Considering the number of studies regarding the use of volatiles, the industry should start implementing these molecules for more sustainable approaches to preservation. Conclusions: The food industry has researched plant volatiles for some years, but the focus has been almost exclusively on postharvest protection, and more research can be directed to other food categories. Technology to overcome limitations of plant volatiles is expected to improve, placing pressure on regulatory bodies to allow these molecules in foods, on par with consumer and industry preference for natural-based molecules used in foods. The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to the CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). Acknowledgments to the Project financed by the European Fund for Regional Development (Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER)) through the Programa Operacional Regional Norte 2020, within the “PlantCovid” project, NORTE-01-02B7-FEDER-054870. M. C. Pedrosa thanks “PlantCovid” project for her scholarship. S. Heleno and M. Carocho thank FCT, P.I., for their individual employment program-contract (CEECIND/00831/2018, CEECIND/03040/2017), while L. Barros thanks FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program- contract. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Melissa officinalis L., from the Lamiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants with potential in the market. With the passing of time, the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of some illness has gone from the simplest forms of local treatment to the industrial manufacture of phytotherapics. In addition to their medicinal effect, they can also be used in the form of infusions and decoctions and in various food preparations. In this sense, the objective of this work was to compare three different extraction methods: infusion (100% water), maceration (80:20 ethanol: water v:v) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) under previous optimized extraction conditions (33.0 +- 3.2 min, 371.7 +- 19.3Wand 39.9 +- 1.4% ethanol), in plants grown under sustainable cultivation under full irrigation in June. The parameters studied included bioactive evaluation by antioxidant (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances—TBARS), cytotoxicity (sulforhodamine B) and anti-inflammatory (RAWcells) assays. The composition of phenolic compounds and organic acids was also studied by GC-MS and HPLC-DAD, respectively. According to the obtained results, eight phenolic compounds were identified and quantified, being rosmarinic acid the main one for the three extraction methods (infusion: 107.1 +- 0.9 mg/g extract; maceration: 155.7 +- 0.3 mg/g extract; UAE: 118.7 0.6 mg/g extract). For Lithospermic acid A isomer (25.25 +- 0.01 mg/g) and Hydroxylsalvianolic E (111.70 +- 2.20 mg/g), the UAE revealed the lowest content of individual polyphenols, whereas maceration recorded the highest extractability. On the other hand, the content of six of the eight polyphenols detected for the ultrasound-assisted extraction was similar to the infusion and maceration methods. In terms of antioxidant activity, the infusions showed the highest capacity (3.00 +- 0.14 +-g/mL), followed by maceration (5.33 +- 0.30 +-g/mL) and UAE (12 +- 0.15 +-g/mL). The highest anti-inflammatory activity was verified for the infusion (244 +- 11 +-g/mL), followed by UAE (305 +- 9 +-g/mL), with no activity recorded for the maceration extract (>400 +-g/mL). The antitumor properties were evaluated in five cell lines, with the best results being recorded for infusion, except AGS (24 +- 1 +-g/mL) where The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). L. Barros and M.I. Dias thank the national funding by FCT through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for her contract, while M. Carocho and S. Heleno thank FCT through the indiviual scientific employment program-contracts (CEECIND/00831/2018 and CEECIND/03040/2017). I. Oliveira thanks FCT for her PhD grant (BD/06017/2020). To FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme for financial support through the project TRANSCoLAB 0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P; to ERDF through the Regional Operational ProgramNorth 2020, within the scope of Project GreenHealth— Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The plant kingdom is an endless source of molecules that can be applied in almost all realms of society. The food industry has profited from the use of plants and their derived materials for many decades. Recently, the food industry has been looking into plants to find different ways of either preserving, coloring or sweetening foods. In this work, leaf extracts of Arbutus unedo L. obtained by dynamic maceration and ultrasound assisted extraction with prior optimization of their extraction conditions through the response-surface methodology, were incorporated in quark cheese as natural preservatives and analyzed over 8 days of shelf-life. Both extracts showed antioxidant activity with no toxicity towards primary cell lines at the maximum tested concentration, as well as antibacterial activity, especially against Gram-positive strains. After their incorporation in quark cheese, no significant changes were observed in the nutritional profile and physical traits of the quark cheeses, while the microbial load was highly reduced in the cheese, especially using the extracts obtained from dynamic maceration. Thus, leaf extracts of A. unedo can be promising candidates for use in the food industry as natural preservatives. The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to the CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). M.C. Pedrosa and F. Fernandes thank FCT for their PhD grants (2021.04531.BD, SFRH/BD/145467/2019), S. Heleno and M. Carocho thank FCT for their individual employment program-contract (CEECIND/03040/2017, CEECIND/00831/2018), and L. Barros, M. I. Dias, and R. Calhelha also thank FCT through the institutional scientific employment programcontract for her contract. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion