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Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis, which usually presents as ulcers with erythematous-violaceous undermined edges and a rough base with purulent or sanguinous exudate. It can be primary or associated with an underlying disease. However, rare cases of its association with autoimmune hepatitis have been described in the literature. Diagnosis is based on a characteristic clinical picture and ruling out other causes of ulcers. This paper aims to discuss the management of corticosteroid therapy and the importance of local treatment. We report a case with torpid evolution, presented with multiple and deep ulcers in a young patient with autoimmune hepatitis, causing pain and significant disability. We observed complete healing of lesions after two months of successful treatment.

The Unani system of medicine is a comprehensive medical system, which meticulously deals with the states of health and disease. Its holistic approach considers individual in relation to his environment and stresses on health of body, mind and soul. Temperament of a person is given great importance for identifying the most suitable diet and lifestyle for promoting the health of a particular individual. On the basis of Mizaj human beings have been categorized into four qualitative types: Damvi (sanguinous), Safravi (bilious), Balghami (phlegmatic), Saudavi (melancholic). They were supposed to result from predominant humor in the body. Any change in the temperament of person brings about change in person’s state of health. There are some factors like age, place, season, diet and occupation, which are responsible for influencing the temperament of an individual and predispose them to a particular group of diseases similar to the temperament of that individual. Thus, the person of specific temperament becomes prone to a particular group of diseases in different phases of their life and under different climatic conditions. In Unani medicine, different guidelines for different temperaments have been mentioned for promotion and preservation of health. Thus, in this paper authors have highlighted the importance of temperamental approach for the promotion of health and prevention of diseases.

The article aims to discuss the relationships between eugenics, nationalism, and colonialism in Japan, and to highlight the ways in which eugenics was popularized and incorporated into everyday practices and official policies at home and in the colonies. It deals with eugenics-related activities in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and addresses some of their postwar guises. It discusses some of these guises as posthuman eugenics, or the biotechnological enhancement of human life and reproduction. It concludes with the argument that Japan was only one of many nation-states to employ eugenics as social policy nearly a century ago, but it may be one of the first to implement posthuman eugenics to address looming demographic concerns.

Menstruation is a periodic discharge of sanguinous fluid and sloughing of the uterine lining in the female. It is an event characteristic of the reproductive cycle in humans and most subhuman primates and has no known biological function. However, it is an integral part of a woman's experience throughout her reproductive life. This article will examine menstrual patterns and concerns in young girls. The section on absent menstruation will concentrate on premature ovarian failure.

Mice. Asymptomatic or mildly affected mice usually have no gross pulmonary changes other than increased lung weights, although a few mildly affected mice have white lines along the course of bronchi, white foci in lymph nodes, and dual lobes of consolidation. Average increases of 50% have been reported by the 5th day and 100% by the 14th day after experimental infection of Swiss mice (Robinson et al. 1968). Overtly ill and genetically susceptible mice have more dramatic increases in lung weights (200%–300%) (Parker et al. 1978). In these cases, one or more lung lobes are plum-colored or contain sharply demarcated plum-colored foci which exude frothy sanguinous fluid when cut. If these mice survive into the 3rd week, consolidated foci are gray.

Pericardial cysts are not common and rarely cause symptoms. We report a unique case of a 15-year-old male patient with cardiac tamponade clinically diagnosed who was referred for echocardiography. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed, in addition to a large pericardial effusion associated with echocardiographic signs of cardiac tamponade, an 8 x 5 cm echofree image suggesting a pericardial cyst adjacent to the right atrium. Immediately after pericardiocentesis, yielding a serosanguinous liquid, the patient showed striking clinical improvement and echocardiography demonstrated minimal pericardial effusion with persistence of the cystic image. At surgery a pericardial cyst containing a sanguinous fluid was found and the pathologic findings were consistent with hematic pericardial cyst. Thus echocardiography played a fundamental role for the diagnosis and treatment of the rare complication of a pericardial cyst documented in this patient.

A male elephant aged about 15 years (height: 8' 6") had a history of swelling and subsequent drainage of pus from the lumbar area whenever the howdah was seated for a long time. However, the discharge decreased or even disappeared whenever the animal was given rest and the howdah was removed. Clinical examination revealed cicatrised spots and probing indicated the depth of sinus to be nearly 10 cm. The discharge was foetid and sanguinous (Fig. 1). It was decided to open the sinus to remove the necrotic tissues and provide free drainage.

Two rare malignancies, a primary pericardial mesothelioma and a primary yolk sac tumour of the anterior mediastinum, presenting with the clinical picture of cardiac tamponade and sanguinous pericardial effusions were diagnosed during life. The case histories and pathological findings are reported.

Three cases of amoebic colitis were reported.Case 1) A 70-year old man complaining of sanguinous stool, no diarrhoea. Case 2) A 57-year old man complaining of ileocecal pain and muco-sanguinous stool. Case 3) A 67-year old man complaining of sanguinous stool and diarrhoea 12 times a day, who had amoebic colitis 30 years ago in Burma.In sigmoidscopic findings, 2 cases showed shallow ulcerations with bleeding and intact inter-ulceration mucosa, 1 case showed findings indistinguishable from nonspecific ulcerative colitis. In all cases, Entamoeba histolytica was seen in their rectal biopsies.The need for continuing awareness of amoebiasis as a possible cause of chronic bloody diarrhoea was emphasized.

A patient with Gorham's disease (massive osteolysis, disappearing bone disease) of the right clavicle had bilateral sanguinous pleural effusions. Complete cure was achieved by removal of the bony remnants with the hemangiomatous mass which caused bone destruction, and by obliteration of the pleural spaces using repeated talcum insertion. In six out of seven previously described cases of Gorham's disease with pleural effusions, the patients died, while the only survivor had a unilateral chylous effusion.

Post-mortem examination of a stranded Atlantic white-sided dolphin (lagenorynchus acutus) revealed congested lungs, sanguinous fluid in the peritoneal cavity, and an oral wound. Histopathologic findings were acute necrotizing hepatitis and acute focal bronchopneumonia. Vibrio alginolyticus was isolated from the blood and other organs.

This study compares experimental and clinical results using both an asanguinous and sanguinous vehicle for delivering the cardioplegic solution. Animals receiving blood cardioplegia had better left ventricular function after unclamping, significantly less post-ischemic myocardial edema, and a better ability to augment flow and oxygen consumption. Patients receiving blood cardioplegia had also better myocardial performance with high cardiac outputs and lower left atrial pressure, and showed less evidence of myocardial damage. We conclude that oxygenation of the cardioplegic solution provides superior myocardial protection to that seen when the same solution is used in an asanguinous vehicle.

Four patients with five wounds were randomly assigned to treatment with three occlusive dressings: DuoDERM®, Restore® and Comfeel Ulcus®; the dressings were left intact for 24-48 h. When the dressings were removed, it was found that wounds that had been covered with Restore and Comfeel contained coagulated sanguinous material. Two wounds that had been covered with Comfeel and Restore, respectively, were then covered with DuoDERM, while one wound previously covered with DuoDERM was covered with Restore. Either no clotting occurred under DuoDERM or clots may have resolved. Although these preliminary data suggest that DuoDERM gel may have fibrinolytic properties, more extensive and controlled studies are needed to assess the characteristics of this dressing.

Reine Blutergusse oder blutig-serose Ergusse im Kniegelenk sind nicht ausschlieslich unfallbedingt. Sie kommen auch ohne ausere Gewalteinwirkung zustande, selbst schon bei einfachen Bewegungen, die nur deshalb so schwerwiegende Folgen haben, weil bereits eine anderweitige schwere Erkrankung besteht. Voraussetzung fur den Blutergus ist die Einklemmungsbereitschaft durch altere unfallfremde Leiden mit frei beweglichen Gewebsteilen bei weit fortgeschrittener chronischer Synovitis. Eine baldige operative Behandlung der Vorerkrankung ist erforderlich. Freie Knochenschatten auf der hinteren Schienbeinkopfgelenkflache, in den letzten 20 Jahren bei 18 Patienten festgestellt, entgehen mitunter dem rontgenologischen Nachweis und der intraoperativen Auffindung, weil sie von einer submeniskaren Tasche abgedeckt sind. Die Erkennung und Entfernung freier Knochenteile sind wichtig, um die anhaltende Einklemmungsgefahr zu beseitigen. Daher sollten immer auch die submeniskaren Raume abgesucht werden. Purely sanguinous or sanguinous-serous effusions in the knee-joint are not always due to an accident. They can also occur without external force being applied, even after simple movement, which may have such serious consequence because there is an underlying serious disease. Precondition for sanguinous effusion is the presence of prior non-traumatic disease with freely movable soft-tissue parts in the presence of advanced synovitis. Early operative treatment of the underlying disease is necessary. Free-lying bone shadows at the posterior surface of the tibial articular surface, observed in 18 patients over a period of 20 years, sometimes escape routine radiological diagnosis and detection at time of operation because they are hidden underneath a submeniscal pocket. Recognition and removal of these free-floating bony parts are important to prevent continued danger of locking. It is necessary always to inspect the submeniscal spaces. Derrames sanguineos en la articulacion de la rodilla no debidos a accidente Los derrames sanguineos puros o serosos-sanguinolentos en la articulacion de la rodilla no son debidos exclusivamente a accidentes. Se presentan incluso sin la influencia de violencias exteriores, incluso en movimientos simples, que solo tienen pues consecuencias tan graves porque ya existe cualquier otra afeccion grave. Condicion previa para el derrame sanguineo es la propension al enclava-miento por padecimientos antiguos, ajenos al accidente, con fragmentos tisulares libremente moviles en sinovitis cronicas muy avanzadas. Es necesario el pronto tratamiento quirurgico de la afeccion precedente. Sombras oseas libres sobre la superficie posterior de la epifisis articular de la tibia, comprobadas en los ultimos 20 anos en pacientes de 18 anos de edad, escapan a veces a la comprobacion radiologica y al descubrimiento intraoperatorio, porque estan cubiertas por una bolsa submeniscal. El reconocimiento y extirpacion de los fragmentos oseos libres son importantes para suprimir el constante peligro de enclavamiento. Por tanto tambien se deberia mirar siempre los espacios submeniscales.

The production of capons is financially rewarding if successful. However, there are certain inherent dangers in this endeavor. Not only can the surgical procedure itself be responsible for high losses, but it also is possible to expose birds to disease at the time of caponizing. The surgical wound is vulnerable to bacterial infection; contaminated instruments or poor surgical technique are usually incriminated. It is impossible to operate aseptically, but precautions should be taken to reduce the infection potential. Two farms recently experienced severe losses shortly after caponizing. Birds exhibited symptoms typical of a severe toxemia: extreme morbidity, prostration with necks outstretched, wings drooped and spread out, and intermittent spasms or convulsions. There were also some respiratory symptoms. The birds were submitted on the 6th and 7th day post-surgery. A total of thirty-four were examined and all exhibited the following post-mortem lesions: severe wound infection with foamy yellow exudate, hemorrhages on heart and liver, blood tinged pericardial fluid and a sanguinous exudate in abdominal air sacs. Infectious laryngotracheitis was also present, with its typical lesion pattern, and was confirmed by the demonstration of inclusion bodies. Morbidity and mortality was evident only in the capons, and pullets incised by error, not in pullets in the same building which had confirmed infectious laryngotracheitis. Total mortality was very high (30-35%). Table 1 demonstrates the mortality patterns.