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The Covid 19 pandemic was declared at the very beginning of the summer term of 2020 and left online classes as practically only possibility to ensure the continuity of classes. In those completely uncertain circumstances and in a very short period of time, the faculties had to make decisions that would ensure a quick, accessible and as simple as possible solution to continue the classes in the summer term. At the Zagreb University of Applied Sciences (TVZ), online classes began within a week of the declaration of the Covid 19 pandemic. The decision makers at that moment primarily thought about what digital technologies were presently available to them and how students would adapt, while they paid much less attention to how it would affect the teachers who had to implement their decisions. The speed of adaptation of online teaching at each individual faculty, including at TVZ, primarily depended on the level of implementation of digital technologies already adopted in the existing teaching processes, but also on how convinced its teachers were that the pandemic would be short and temporary, or a long-term situation in which they would have to continue all their activities. That's why it was interesting to check how the teachers at TVZ managed in that extraordinary situation. The research was based on a WEB survey with a sample of teachers who represent all TVZ studies and all natural, technical, and social subjects conducted in each study program. The survey questions were divided into several shorter thematic units, which were intended to investigate teachers' attitudes related to the perception of the quality of online classes, their teaching load, experienced social-psychological aspects during online classes, and desirable forms of institutional support. The obtained results show that in each of these situations, the teachers tried to find optimal ways to successfully end the term and to create new evaluation rules that would ensure an objective assessment of the learning outcomes achieved by their students. Most teachers believed that the pandemic would end by the beginning of the next academic year, and that classes would then continue "as before", but as in any crisis, there were also those who were aware of the possibility that the pandemic would last longer and who did their best to adapt to the new conditions of teaching. The most important challenges faced by TVZ teachers were the increased workload in preparing and holding online classes, the lack of digital competences, the uncertainty of the quality of online classes, especially during practical classes and laboratory exercises, and determining a fair method of assessment. No less important challenges for teachers on TVZ were further development of their digital competences, as well as the feeling of a lack of institutional support during online classes. In addition to all that, for most teachers online teaching resulted in an imbalance between private and professional life. Now, at a time when the Covid-19 pandemic is no longer the main reason for having online classes, faculty administration and their teachers should continue to improve their digital competences, introduce new digital tools in F2F classes, while trying to ensure regular contact with their students, fellow teachers, and all other participants in higher education.

Digitalna transformacija financijskog sektora na globalnom tržištu snažno napreduje. Fin-Tech kompanije sve više konkuriraju ili čak u potpunosti zaobilaze postojeći financijski sektor, primarno banke. Taj trend vidljiv je i u Republici Hrvatskoj, gdje se sve više pojavljuju nova poduzeća i njihovi inovativni financijski proizvodi. U cilju provjere spremnosti hrvatskih banaka na digitalnu transformaciju te implementaciju novih proizvoda i usluga, kroz provedeno kvalitativno istraživanje (intervjui s deset relevantnih sugovornika iz područja bankarstva i Fin-Tech kompanija) provjeren je utjecaj Fin-Tech kompanija koji su van bankarskog sektora, na sam bankarski sustav. Dodatna je pozornost tijekom istraživanja posvećena procjeni jesu li banke i Fin-Tech kompanije na hrvatskom tržištu prepoznale aktualne potrebe svojih klijenata, koliko im se dobro prilagođavaju te mogu li banke i dalje biti lideri u digitalnoj transformaciji Republike Hrvatske. Što se tiče prilagođavanja potrebama klijenata, manji dio sudionika istraživanja smatra kako će se portfelj usluga banaka tek nadopunjavati novim proizvodima i uslugama, dok ipak veći dio sudionika istraživanja smatra kako će u idućih 5 godina, postojeće prvenstveno platno prometne usluge banaka i kartičarskih kuća biti zamijenjene posve novim poslovnim modelima. Predstavnici banaka uočavaju jak utjecaj Fin-Tech kompanija na globalnom tržištu, no smatraju da u Republici Hrvatskoj oni ipak imaju manji utjecaj. Također, smatraju da se banke generalno dobro prilagođavaju novoj situaciji te da će i dalje ostati lideri digitalne transformacije. Tu poziciju zadržat će prvenstveno zbog svoje veličine i količine kapitala kojom raspolažu u procesu izgradnje percepcije sigurnosti svog poslovanja koja je hrvatskim korisnicima i dalje iznimno bitna. Na temelju rezultata provedenog istraživanja dane su preporuke daljnjih aktivnosti vezenih uz digitalnu transformaciju, koje bi banke trebale provesti u cilju zadržavanja vodeće pozicije na hrvatskom tržištu financijskih usluga.

The curricula at higher education institutions are constantly being improved, and not only through implementation of the latest professional knowledge and skills, but also through introduction of entrepreneurship education. Thus, more and more study programmes within ICT areas are linked to entrepreneurship education. In this way students can be prepared to work more efficiently in a dynamic environment and be encouraged to develop and implement innovations whose success is related to an optimal combination of not only professional and technical knowledge, but also of the economic aspect, since for each business model the application of advanced technical solutions is equally important, as well as the possibility of achieving economic benefits. Entrepreneurship education can offer individuals the development of not only entrepreneurial competences, but also the ability to recognize market opportunities in a timely manner. These entrepreneurial ideas can in that case be transformed into a successful entrepreneurial undertaking which contributes not only to the economic but also to the social value of the community in which an entrepreneur operates. The results of the research presented in this paper show not only the existence of interest in entrepreneurship education among students preparing for occupations within ICT areas, but also that the students’ interest grows when successful entrepreneurs from their field of interest actively participate in the teaching process. With their knowledge and experience, such entrepreneurs can motivate and encourage students for a completely new way of thinking when it comes to addressing various challenges they can expect, and without repeating rookie mistakes. Students' interest in entrepreneurship education is also affected by their earlier experience gained through previous participation in particular entrepreneurial courses, because they are aware that such knowledge needs to be constantly renewed and improved. Although the students' current career plans after completing their studies are not necessarily related to contemplating various forms of entrepreneurship, this does not diminish their interest in participating in entrepreneurship education.

Digitalna transformacija financijskog sektora na globalnom tržištu snažno napreduje. Fin-Tech kompanije sve više konkuriraju ili čak u potpunosti zaobilaze postojeći financijski sektor, primarno banke. Taj trend vidljiv je i u Republici Hrvatskoj, gdje se sve više pojavljuju nova poduzeća i njihovi inovativni financijski proizvodi. U cilju provjere spremnosti hrvatskih banaka na digitalnu transformaciju te implementaciju novih proizvoda i usluga, kroz provedeno kvalitativno istraživanje (intervjui s deset relevantnih sugovornika iz područja bankarstva i Fin-Tech kompanija) provjeren je utjecaj Fin-Tech kompanija koji su van bankarskog sektora, na sam bankarski sustav. Dodatna je pozornost tijekom istraživanja posvećena procjeni jesu li banke i Fin-Tech kompanije na hrvatskom tržištu prepoznale aktualne potrebe svojih klijenata, koliko im se dobro prilagođavaju te mogu li banke i dalje biti lideri u digitalnoj transformaciji Republike Hrvatske. Što se tiče prilagođavanja potrebama klijenata, manji dio sudionika istraživanja smatra kako će se portfelj usluga banaka tek nadopunjavati novim proizvodima i uslugama, dok ipak veći dio sudionika istraživanja smatra kako će u idućih 5 godina, postojeće prvenstveno platno prometne usluge banaka i kartičarskih kuća biti zamijenjene posve novim poslovnim modelima. Predstavnici banaka uočavaju jak utjecaj Fin-Tech kompanija na globalnom tržištu, no smatraju da u Republici Hrvatskoj oni ipak imaju manji utjecaj. Također, smatraju da se banke generalno dobro prilagođavaju novoj situaciji te da će i dalje ostati lideri digitalne transformacije. Tu poziciju zadržat će prvenstveno zbog svoje veličine i količine kapitala kojom raspolažu u procesu izgradnje percepcije sigurnosti svog poslovanja koja je hrvatskim korisnicima i dalje iznimno bitna. Na temelju rezultata provedenog istraživanja dane su preporuke daljnjih aktivnosti vezenih uz digitalnu transformaciju, koje bi banke trebale provesti u cilju zadržavanja vodeće pozicije na hrvatskom tržištu financijskih usluga., The digital transformation of the financial sector is making strong progress in the global market. Fin-Tech companies are increasingly competing with, or even completely bypassing the existing financial sector, primarily banks. This trend is evident also in the Republic of Croatia, where new companies and their innovative financial products are increasingly emerging. In order to verify the readiness of Croatian banks to digital transformation and the implementation of new products and services, a qualitative research has been carried out (interviews with ten relevant respondents in the banking and Fin-Tech companies) to check the impact of Fin-Tech companies outside the banking sector on the banking system itself. During the research, particular attention was given to assessing whether banks and Fin-Tech companies on the Croatian market recognized the current needs of their clients, how well they adapted to their needs and whether banks can continue to be leaders in the digital transformation of the Republic of Croatia. As far as customer needs are concerned, a minor part of the respondents believe that the portfolio of banking services will merely be supplemented with new products and services, while most of the respondents believe that in the next 5 years the existing money transfer and card-based banking services will be replaced by completely new business models. Bank representatives note the strong influence of Fin-Tech companies on the global market but believe they still have a minor influence in the Republic of Croatia. They also believe that the banks are generally adapting well to the new situation and will continue to be leaders of digital transformation. They will retain this position primarily because of their size and the amount of capital they have at disposal in the process of building the perception of the safety of their business, which remains extremely important for Croatian clients. Based on research results, recommendations have been made for further activities related to digital transformation, which banks should implement in order to maintain a leading position on the Croatian financial services market.

Poduzetništvo je često korišten pojam u javnim nastupima raznih čimbenika koji definiraju strategiju gospodarskog razvoja Republike Hrvatske posljednjih desetljeća. Lako izgovoren deklaratorni stav prema važnosti poduzetništva još uvijek ne prate i konkretni pomaci u pokretanju poduzetničkog obrazovanja na svim obrazovnim razinama. Iako postoje pozitivni pomaci, oni su još uvijek sporadični. Tako proces obrazovanja propušta prepoznati i pravovremeno nadograditi poduzetničke kompetencije, ne samo nekog potencijalnog poduzetnika, već i svakog budućeg poduzetnog zaposlenika. Bez osviještenih poduzetničkih kompetencija i najbolje osmišljena ideja o poduzetništvu, ostat će samo ideja. U ovom članku predstavljeni su rezultati istraživanja u kojem su sudjelovali studenti završnih godina preddiplomskih i diplomskih studija na Tehničkom veleučilištu u Zagrebu (TVZ). Svrha provedenog istraživanja je razumjeti stav studenata prema poduzetništvu, njihovu percepciju osobnih poduzetničkih kompetencija te saznati prepoznaju li mogućnosti koje im poduzetničko obrazovanje nudi. Istraživanje je provođeno tijekom dvije akademske godine kako bi se dobili što reprezentativniji rezultati, na temelju kojih bi se nastavio rad na izradi prijedloga modela poduzetničkog obrazovanja na TVZ-u. Iako studenti TVZ-a izražavaju pozitivan stav prema poduzetništvu, prema osobnom poduzetništvu kao i prema poduzetničkom obrazovanju imaju posve neutralan stav. Unatoč tome što su svjesni da im nedostaju potrebna znanja i vještine za uspješno poduzetništvo, studenti ne prepoznaju prednosti poduzetničkog obrazovanja., Entrepreneurship has been a very often used term in public appearances of various stake-holders defining the strategy of economic development of the Republic of Croatia over the past couple of decades. However, the easily uttered declaratory attitude towards the im-portance of entrepreneurship has not yet been accompanied by concrete advancements that would initiate entrepreneurship education at all educational levels. Although there ha-ve been some positive developments, they are still only sporadic. It seems that what we miss in the educational processes is the recognition and timely upgrade of entrepreneurial competencies, not only in potential entrepreneurs but also in every future entrepreneurial employee. Without conscious entrepreneurial competencies, even the best concept of en-trepreneurship is bound to remain merely an idea. In this article, we will present the results of a research conducted among the students of final years of undergraduate and graduate studies at the Zagreb University of Applied Sciences (Tehničko Veleučilište u Zagrebu – TVZ). The purpose of the research is to understand their general attitude towards entrep-reneurship, how they evaluated their personal entrepreneurial competences and to find out if they recognized the possibilities offered by entrepreneurial education. The research was carried out during two academic years, in order to get the most representative results based on which we would continue working on the proposal of the entrepreneurship education model at TVZ. Although the students of TVZ express a positive attitude towards entrep-reneurship, their attitude towards personal entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship educa-tion is completely neutral. In spite of being aware of their insufficient knowledge and skills required for successful entrepreneurship, the students do not recognize the advantages of entrepreneurship education.

U akademskoj godini 2013./2014. kao jedan od uvjeta za upis na stručni studij Tehničkog Veleučilišta u Zagrebu (TVZ), državna matura iz matematike je s temeljne razine B prerasla na zahtjevniju razinu A. Iz tog razloga, za maturante u posljednje tri godine TVZ organizira besplatne pripreme za polaganje državne mature iz matematike. Interes potencijalnih studenata za pripreme za maturu u konstantnom je porastu. Kako bi se provjerili motivi za sudjelovanje na pripremama, ali i za studiranje na TVZ-u, te zadovoljstvo polaznika kvalitetom održanih priprema zadnje dvije godine provodi se njihovo anketiranje. Potencijalni studenti sudjeluju na pripremama iz razloga što su besplatne te nadajući se da će tako lakše položiti maturu iz matematike i dobiti uvid kako se predaje na TVZ-u. Pri odlučivanju koji studij upisati, najvažniji kriteriji su programi koji su u skladu s njihovim interesima kao i percepcija kvalitete pojedinog fakulteta. TVZ-ovi direktni konkurenti su Fakultet elektrotehnike i računarstva, Veleučilište u Velikoj Gorici, Algebra i Fakultet organizacije i informatike iz Varaždina. Većina ispitanika slaže se da postoji razlika u programima i uvjetima studiranja na stručnim i sveučilišnim studijima, dok perspektiva zapošljavanja prema njihovom mišljenju ne ovisi o tome jesu li završili neki od stručnih ili sveučilišnih studija. Profesori srednjih škola te aktualni studenti, najbolji su promotori TVZ-ovih studija, koje prema mišljenju ispitanika upisuju uglavnom učenici prosječnog znanja i uspjeha. Uspješnost i kvaliteta održanih priprema kontinuirano raste., In the academic year 2013/2014 as a condition for admission to study at the Zagreb University of Applied Sciences (TVZ), mathematics has been raised from basic level B to the advanced knowledge level A. That is the reason why TVZ has organized free preparations for state graduation exam in math in the last three years. The interest in our preparations is growing. To check their motives for participating in the preparations and study at TVZ and, of course, their satisfaction with the quality of the preparations in last two years, we conducted a survey among the participants. Potential students participate in our preparations because they are free, hoping it will be easier to pass the graduation math exam and also to gain insight into the way of teaching on TVZ. When deciding which study to enroll, proposed programs that are in line with their interests and perception of the quality of individual faculties are the most important criteria. According to the research, our direct competitors are Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Applied Sciences in Velika Gorica, Algebra and Faculty of Organization and Informatics in Varaždin. Most participants agree there is a difference in programs and requirements between professional and university studies, while employment prospects in their opinion, do not depend on whether they completed some professional or university study. Teachers in high schools and current students are the best promoters (opinion leaders) of TVZ studies. Based on the obtained results, mainly students with average scores in skills and achievements enroll TVZ The success and quality of held preparations for the state graduation exam in mathematics are continuously growing.

Razina obrazovanja direktan je rezultat obrazovnog sustava. Hrvatski i finski obrazovni sustavi posve su različiti. Ne samo po svojoj temeljnoj osnovi i ulaganjima već i po rezultatima. Cilj ovog istraživanja je potvrditi kako razina obrazovanja u oba obrazovna sustava imaju isti utjecaj i smjer na poduzetničke aktivnosti. Poduzetnička aktivnost ne ovisi isključivo o razini obrazovanja poduzetnika, no njen utjecaj je značajan i vrijedan istraživanja. Poduzetnici koji na tržište rada dolaze iz finskog i hrvatskog obrazovnog sustava su različiti. Različite su i njihove poduzetničke kompetencije. Ono što im je zajedničko je veza između razine obrazovanja i poduzetničkih aktivnosti. S rastom obrazovne razine rastu i poduzetničke aktivnosti. S rastom obrazovne razine, raste i mogućnost prepoznavanja prilika na tržištu, što je iznimno važan poticaj za pokretanje poduzetničkog pothvata. Ono na što obrazovna razina nema utjecaja, niti u jednoj zemlji je njihovo odustajanje od poduzetničkog pothvata. Na svim razinama je već dulje vrijeme prepoznata potreba reforme hrvatskog obrazovnog sustava, no bez osiguranih dostatnih financijskih sredstava i podrške političkih i društvenih struktura ona se ne može provesti. Dio te reforme treba biti i uvođenje obrazovanja za poduzetništvo, i to ne isključivo kao dio visokoškolskog obrazovanja, već i kao dio srednjoškolskog te cjeloživotnog obrazovanja., The level of education is a direct result of the educational system. Croatian and Finnish education systems are quite different. They are very different not just by their fundamental base and investments but also in results. The aim of this article is to confirm that the level of education in this two two educational systems have the same impact with respect to direction towards entrepreneurial activity. Of course that entrepreneurial activity is not dependent exclusively and only on the educational status of each undertaking, but its impact is significant and worth investigating. Entrepreneurs that come to the labor market from the Finnish and Croatian education systems are quite different. Two different education systems produce people with quite different entrepreneurial competencies. What they have in common is a causal link between the level of education and entrepreneurial activities. The entrepreneurial activity grows with the level of education. Simultaneously with the increase in educational levels, the ability of entrepreneurs to identify opportunities in the market also increases and this is an extremely important impetus for starting with entrepreneurial ventures. However, the level of education absolutely does not effect on giving up of their business venture. The need for reform in the Croatian education system has long been recognized at all levels, but it cannot be carried out without securing sufficient funding and support of all political and social structures. Education for entrepreneurship certainly should be an integral part of this reform. Education for entrepreneurship should become not just an integral part of higher education, but also an integral part of secondary education and lifelong learning.

Partneri europske inicijative „eSkills for Jobs“ (Visoko učilište Algebra, kao nositelj istraživanja i nacionalni kontakt centar ove europske inicijative, Hrvatska udruga poslodavaca – Udruga informatičke i komunikacijske djelatnosti, Hrvatska gospodarska komora – udruga IT i Udruga nezavisnih izvoznika softvera, CISEx) i u 2014. proveli su godišnje istraživanje o potrebama i mogućnostima zapošljavanja ICT stručnjaka u Hrvatskoj. Cilj ovog istraživanja je procijeniti potrebe hrvatskog gospodarstva za ICT stručnjacima. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, najtraženiji će biti softverski razvojni inženjeri i IT analitičari za razvoj poslovnih rješenja. S druge strane, industrijska strategija u Hrvatskoj predviđa otvaranje novih 5.000 ICT radnih mjesta do 2020. godine – sažetak je to javne objave istraživanja dane početkom svibnja 2014. Da li je ovaj potencijal realan te koju ulogu u tom izazovu u produkciji gotovih profila ICT kadrova trebaju imati obrazovne institucije općenito, tema je ovog članka.