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Lasers have been a significant advancement in the field of endodontics. Be it effective cleaning, root canal treatment, surgery etc. The lateral accessory canals and anatomical complexities have been a restraint in root canal procedure, for such cases lasers have been introduced to simplify the process & have good clinical results. As there has been a boon in the improvement of laser techniques, many latest lasers having a broad array of characteristics is accessible and can also be helpful in several areas related to dentistry. When compared with conventional techniques, laser treatments have been proven to be more advantageous. The purpose of this article is to summarize laser applications in endodontics, including their use in pulp diagnosis, dentinal hypersensitivity, pulp capping and pulpotomy, sterilization of root canals, root canal shaping & obturation & apicectomy. This article reviews the role of lasers in endodontics since the early 1970s & summarizes what future may hold for endodontics. With the potential availability of many new laser wavelengths and modes, much interest is developing in this promising field.

Background: Tooth decay and traumatic dental injuries are the main causes of pulp inflammation in primary teeth. The present study was conducted on photodynamic therapy for endodontic treatment of primary teeth. Materials & Methods: 40 primary anterior teeth with pulp necrosis were divided into 2 groups: Group I, conventional root canal therapy and group II, conventional root canal therapy combined with antimicrobial PDT. Each group with 20 patients. Microbiological samples of the intra-canal content were taken using paper cones. Results: Group I & II had 19 boys and 9 girls and 8 boys and 12 girls respectively. Colony-forming units (CFU/mL) before and after treatment in group I at sample 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9& 10 were 94000 and 0, 87040 and 2433, 14530 and 0,154231 and 4500, 123145 and 3200, 28453 and 550, 110232 and 1250,112456 and 3100, 43294 and 0 and 142945 and 1955 respectively. CFU before and after treatment in group II at sample 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 &10 were 194000 and 248,187040 and 2450,24530 and 0, 254231 and 4200,23140 and 300,38453 and 430,120232 and 1280, 212438 and 3600,143294 and 0 and 242940 and 1924 respectively. Conclusion: Conventional treatment combined with antimicrobial PDT found to be equally

Sujata Parashar is a blooming Indian Writer in English. She has credited more than half dozen of novels. Her fictions are labeled as bollywood in book. Her novels are like a Hindi film. Romance, thrill and suspense are the core part of novel. The Temple Bar Woman is the best example of bollywood movies. The present novel is the picture of a girl who is victim of this unjust system. She is simple woman of character but due to the social system she enters in political filed to take revenge of her enemy. She is gang raped by the Vikram Singh the son of political leader. She is a daughter of headmaster and she herself is the teacher. With her friend she encounters with Vikram Singh. He misbehaves so she insults him in the village fair. Virkam takes the revenge of his insult by raping her. The story does not end here. She was in unconscious state and she was left in brothel. The place of prostitute and red light area, here she meets the Rkshit Singh a budding business tycoon and leading politician. He is unknown about her past life. With the help of Rakshit Singh and Habiba Bi she decides to take revenge and achieves success. Tit for tat is saying proved, reaction to action take place and she becomes the role model for the next coming generation. She stands as a model of rise, revolt and raise her voice.

Managing employees' performances requires not only ensuring their competence but also fostering their personal development. The term "effective performance management" refers to a set of procedures, processes, and activities that are carried out on a continuous basis in order to encourage personal development and monitor the level of success achieved in the pursuit of specific goals. The process of identifying the behavioural and technical characteristics that distinguish excellent performance from average performance is called competency mapping. It provides businesses with the ability to recognise and cultivate behaviours and skills that contribute to superior performance. The manner in which business professionals manage their workforce is an equally important factor in determining the level of organisational success as are the structures of the organisation and the resources it has available. Managers have access to a very useful tool in the form of a PMS, which allows them to better manage their employees in terms of their growth, career goals, and other expectations. Keeping top talent on staff is one of the most difficult challenges that companies face in the modern era. The cost to an organisation of replacing an employee (which may include costs associated with separation, replacement, training, and lost performance) may be equal to or even greater than the annual salary of the employee being replaced. The morale of the employees who remain in an organisation is further damaged by turnover, which also has a negative impact on the retention of customers. This is where the "PMS" can be of assistance to the organisation in not only identifying the "Stars," but also looking at employees who really need to be Developed.

Chetan Bhagat a very popular name among the modern age and new generation because of different style and subjects. Being well qualified man from IIT and IIM he could get the best job in corporate sector specially known as IT industry. In spite of his good educational background he chooses creative writing as his career and passion. He gave new dimension to Indian Writing in English because of his innovative themes and subjects handled in his creative fiction. His fictions have been transformed into movies. He explores cross cultural issues of marriage and career. He earned name and fame in very short period of time and that is the secret of his writing. He discusses the crucial issues of the present world. Almost all his novels are based on IT sector and that are labeled as Campus novels. LPG has brought many changes in the life of thousands of Indian. Chetan Bhagat is and intellectual magician of creative writing. Who has given new dimension to Indian Writing in English? He one of the popular and new generation fiction writers of IT sector. He is known for his different style, themes and ideas. But he is famous for career and feminism. When the world was in modern age, India was in medieval. For Indians modernism mean to adopt new way of life and that is fashion. He is well qualified man from IT sector but he chooses to be creative writer. The present paper is an honest attempt to bring into notice of researcher and readers that Chetan Bhagat's One Indian Girl is skillful depiction of Careerist woman of present age.

Maharashtra is land of culture and history, its history reveals the great Maratha ruled this land and these great men had affinity with the arts and dance culture of Maharashtra. No other form of dance culture and literature remains limited to particular area or region. In the course of time art and culture becomes part of remaining part of world. Same is the case of Lavani it came from different part but becomes the popular and folk dance of Maharashtra. At the beginning it was performed by the lower caste women but time has changed its role it became very popular form of literature of social reforms. Beside sensuality, beauty and shringar it appealed the masses to change the attitude of caste and other issues. During the time of Peshwas Lavani came to the doorstep of palace and castle. Time has modified into two forms Fadachi and Baithkichi Lavani both are existed on today in the society and still enjoyed by the masses. The main purpose of this paper is to comment on the Lavani as folk dance of Maharashtra from the aesthetic point of view.

There are a number of different substances and treatments that are effective in mitigating the negative effects of tooth bleaching. It is essential, however, to consider whether or not the presence of these factors affects the efficiency of the bleaching agent.The purpose of this study is to determine how the pretreated enamel with a Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser affects the bleaching effect of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 35%.Thirty samples were prepared from human-extracted permanent anterior teeth and stained using a tea solution. Based on the pre-treatment protocol, the samples were split into two equal groups (n = 15): In Group I, samples were submerged in saline solution for five minutes, while in Group II, Nd:YAG laser treatment was performed. Following pretreatment, samples from both groups were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide. Colour analysis of all samples was done before and after bleaching using a spectrophotometer. For the colour analysis, the CIE L*a*b* (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) System of colour measurement was used. For statistical analysis, Student t-tests (two-tailed, unpaired) were used to compare the means of two groups on a continuous scale.Samples from both groups became lighter in colour following bleaching. After bleaching, there was no discernible difference in the total colour change between the two groups.The application of the Nd:YAG laser before bleaching did not influence the whitening efficacy of 35% hydrogen peroxide.

Chetan Bhagat a very popular name among the modern age and new generation because of different style and subjects. Being well qualified man from IIT and IIM he could get the best job in corporate sector specially known as IT industry. In spite of his good educational background he chooses creative writing as his career and passion. He gave new dimension to Indian Writing in English because of his innovative themes and subjects handled in his creative fiction. His fictions have been transformed into movies. He explores cross cultural issues of marriage and career. He earned name and fame in very short period of time and that is the secret of his writing. He discusses the crucial issues of the present world. Almost all his novels are based on IT sector and that are labeled asCampus novels. LPG has brought many changes in the life of thousands of Indian

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare form of chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder, caused by persistent central nervous system (CNS) infection by hypermutated strains of Measles virus. It primarily affects children and early adolescent age group. Since there is widespread involvement of CNS, the primary symptoms may start with behavior and personality changes with intellectual involvement followed with myoclonic jerks, convulsion, and hemi or quadriparesis. In later stage, the patient may experience dementia, stupor, coma, or death. However, initial presentation can be variable and atypical, making the diagnosis very challenging in clinical practice. Herein, we report a case of fulminant SSPE in a 13-year-old adolescent male who presented with the features of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and meningoencephalitis. The patient presented in altered sensorium with the history of poor communications, jerky movement of limbs, and fever for 10–14 days. Preliminary investigations were suggestive of meningoencephalitis and ADEM. After initial course of treatment, the patient did not improve, deteriorated further, and succumbed to his illness, a day before we received the conclusive reports for SSPE. As we experienced from our case report, SSPE can create a lot of diagnostic dilemma to the clinicians in such a fulminant presentation, mainly due to limitation of resources, time, and lack of proper vaccination records. The lack of definitive treatment for SSPE once again proved the proverb that “prevention will always be better than cure.”

Hypercalcaemia is rare in pregnancy and is under diagnosed owing to its non-specific presentation which is frequently attributed to the pregnancy itself. Severe hypercalcaemia presents a therapeutic challenge, especially during pregnancy. The present case of a 26-year-old primigravida who presented with acute pancreatitis is described here. The pancreatitis was found to be secondary to parathyroid adenoma- induced hypercalcaemia. After initial conservative medical management with subcutaneous and intranasal calcitonin, she underwent a small-incision adenoma excision. This unusual cause and presentation of hypercalcaemia and its management is reviewed thereof.

Toxins produced by bacteria can result into various systemic manifestations through the release of cytokines which leads to changes at the molecular level. This index case of an 18 years old adult immuno-competent male patient, presented with high grade ongoing fever for 3 days, had wound on left arm in deltoid region. there were diffuse maculo-papular rash predominantly in both palms feet and trunk, erythematous and blanchable on examination. Patient was treated with inj. Piperacillin- Tazobactam and Linezolid, i.v. fluids and nor-adrenaline infusion. Patient was diagnosed with concurrent Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) and Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS). The two syndromes are caused by different toxins produced by different strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The source of infection was a pus discharging sinus on left arm. The findings were proven on skin biopsy and met the case definition criteria of TSS. He is currently asymptomatic after the treatment being given against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from the pus. It is therefore possible for a single strain of bacteria being capable of producing different toxins, resulting in two different clinical syndromes having a concurrent presentation.

Dengue is an important viral cause of febrile illness in tropical and subtropical regions. Manifestations may range from an asymptomatic infection to life threatening hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Neurological presentations of this disease are rare. Here, we are presenting a case series of three confirmed cases of dengue fever with hypokalemic paralysis presenting as acute pure motor reversible quadriparesis. A clinician should keep dengue virus associated hypokalemic paralysis in mind while dealing with a case of fever with quadriparesis.

Thrombocytopenia is the commonest haematological abnormality seen in chronic liver disease. Thrombocytosis is of two types: Primary and secondary. In secondary form of thrombocytosis usually there is mild to moderate elevation of platelet count. Here, we present a case of 60 year old patient, a known case of chronic liver disease who presented with severe thrombocytosis secondary to iron deficiency anaemia. Thrombocytosis normalized with treatment of iron deficiency anaemia with parenteral iron.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly expanding technology that has recently got significant recognition in the field of studies. In IoT networks, huge traffic in network causes congestion at nodes that influences the quality of routing metrics the overall performance of the network. Therefore in this paper, congestion aware algorithm using fuzzy logic (CAUF) has been proposed to avoid congestion by selecting the best parent in a tree structured IoT network to find the optimal routing path. It models the problem of parent selection into multi attribute decision making (MADM) based problem using fuzzy weighted sum model. CAUF has been implemented and simulated on cooja simulator and a comparison of performance is carried out with queue utilization based RPL (QU-RPL) and optimization based hybrid congestion alleviation (OHCA) algorithms. Simulation results indicate that proposed has 15% more throughput and 4.5% packets less dropped over OHCA and QU-RPL algorithms.

The integration of well logs with laboratory measurements derived from core to analyse the reservoir characteristics of WELL P, of Bombay Offshore Basin, India. The reservoir properties such as permeability (k), Porosity (ϕ), shale volume (Vsh), lithology, water saturation (Sw), net pay thickness and other parameters were determined from well logs. The petrophysical model was derived from depth X150 m to X400 m. But the main focus of analysis were four pay zones named as Zone A (X195 m to X212 m), Zone B (X226 m to X282 m), Zone C (X299 m to X310 m) and Zone D (X338 m to X374 m). The logs used for analysis were CGR, NPHI, RHOB, LLD, DTCO and DTSM. Fluid types were identified by NPHI versus RHOB crossplot, VP, VS (vp/vs) versus DTCO crossplot and neutron/density log signatures which indicate the absence of gas and the presence of oil and water in the given well. The signatures of DTCO and DTSM followed each other indicating the absence of gas in the pay zones. Wet resistivity quick look technique was applied to locate the hydrocarbon-bearing zones of interest and any crossovers on density and neutron logs as indicators of the presence of oil zones. Saturation cross plots (Pickett plot) was used to determine the saturation exponent (n), cementation factor (m), tortuosity factor (a), and formation water resistivity (Rw), a prerequisite to their use in the determination of water saturation from Archie’s equation. The main lithology in the region of the study was limestone (calcite) and shale (illite). Shale although present but was in a very small amount. The final volume fractions obtained of each mineral mainly calcite and dolomite from the petrophysical model were compared with those obtained from X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The average porosities of four zones were found to vary from 14.1 to 16.9% which indicated good porosity for a carbonate reservoir. The average water saturations of zones varied from 0.631 to 0.667. The results of the study indicate that the zones where the porosity is good, the measured permeability turns out to be poor (less than 5 mD) which suggests that the pores perhaps are not interconnected. This could be true for carbonates. Thus, the measured values need to be compared with the porosity and permeability values obtained from other laboratory measurements like Routine Core Analysis (RCA) and MicroCT scan to study the connectedness and non-connectedness of the pore-system in the cores.

Carbonate reservoirs are extremely heterogeneous owing to its variation in primary and secondary porosity types that affect the elastic properties of the reservoir. The Differential Effective Medium modelling approach is applied to determine the elastic properties of rocks and porosity partitioning of carbonate reservoir located in the western offshore region, India. The modelling requires the input from sonic derived logs and experimental data from the core samples. The Scanning Electron Microscope images of cores from two different depths are analyzed by watershed algorithm and binary digitization method to quantify the type of pores into cracks, interparticle and stiff defined by their aspect-ratios. The sonic velocities were inverted using Sequential Least-Squares Programming (SLSQP) optimization technique for the entire depth range of the well log from X110.20 m to X611.90 m. The partitioning of porosity derived by the DEM technique provides the relative percentage of the porosity types with depth and varies between 2 and 28% for the carbonate reservoir. In the reservoir section, most of porosity is contributed from stiff and interparticle types while the cracks contribute less than 20% of the total porosity.

Amiodarone is an iodine-rich Class III antiarrhythmic drug, which acts via membrane ion channels. It is metabolised in the liver to produce the active metabolite desethylamiodarone. It is highly lipophilic with a large volume of distribution and accumulates in many different tissues, especially the liver. It is widely used in supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias and given as a loading dose, either via the intravenous or oral route, followed by maintenance doses. The common adverse effects of amiodarone are nausea, vomiting, tremor, thyroid dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy, photosensitivity, bradyarrhythmia, worsening of arrhythmia and the less common ones are pneumonitis, optic neuropathy and hepatotoxicity.

Introduction: A kaleidoscope of coagulation disorders has been reported in patients with thyroid dysfunctions. Globally, these disorders involve both primary and secondary hemostasis and range from subclinical laboratory abnormalities to, more rarely, life-threatening hemorrhages or thrombotic events. While overt hypothyroidism appears to be associated with a bleeding tendency, hyperthyroidism emerged to have an increased risk of thrombotic events. As a controversy, subclinical hypothyroidism and mild hypothyroidism have been reported as prothrombotic state. The mechanisms involved in these observations are also not conformed. Objective: To study the levels of prothrombotic coagulation factor VIII and fibrinogen in patients with thyroid disorder at baseline and to correlate the change in these factors after attaining euthyroid state by treatment. Study Design: This was a longitudinal interventional study. Subjects and Methods: Forty patients were recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their coagulation profile (prothrombin time, aPTT, Factor VIII, and fibrinogen levels), routine hematological, and biochemical profile was done at baseline and 6 weeks after attaining euthyroid state. Results and Conclusion: Hyperthyroidism and mild hypothyroidism were found to be hypercoagulable states and moderate-to-severe hypothyroidism as hypocoagulable states. Nevertheless, further observational and intervention studies are needed to provide more definitive information on the clinical relevance of this association, along with the potential implication for prevention and treatment of coagulation/fibrinolytic abnormalities in patients with thyroid dysfunction.

Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate if there is any significant difference in apical leakage when gutta-percha is removed immediately after obturation for postspace preparation or after a week. Materials and methods Two commonly used sealers AH26 and tubliseal were used in four groups each consisting of 20 teeth each. The tooth was sectioned at the amelocemental junction to leave a root portion of 12 to 14 mm. Canals were checked for patency and prepared to No-55 K file size. Two people, using a stereomicroscope, independently evaluated each tooth-half for the extent of apical leakage. Results The leakage results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA according to present study, immediate postpreparation is preferable than delayed postpreparation. The relationship of in vitro leakage measurements to the in vivo situation has not been established. Clinical implication Hence, immediate postpreparation is preferable than delayed postpreparation. How to cite this article Bhondwe S, Kamra A, Choudhari S, Srilatha S, Desai NC, Pandit VS. Effect of Immediate and Delayed Postpreparation on the Integrity of the Apical Seal: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(2):153-156.

Background: Endodontic sealers are designed to be used only within the root canal but are frequently extruded through the apical constriction and often placed in intimate contact with periapical tissues for extended periods of time. Hence, assessment of biocompatibility of endodontic sealers is critical to the clinical success of endodontic therapy. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 6 each for observation after completion of 14, 30 and 90 days following implantation, respectively. Polyethylene tubes filled with new sealer, and tube without sealer [control] were implanted subcutaneously. The sample subcutaneous tissues from sacrificed rats were analyzed histologically for inflammatory response and were graded with FDI criteria as minimal, moderate and severe. Results were analyzed statistically with Student's t-test and ANOVA tests. Results : Inflammatory reaction to the polyethylene tube was minimal at 14 and 90 days period and to the new sealer it was severe at 14 days and moderate at 30 and 90 days period. Conclusions: 1. Cytotoxicity of the individual ingredient of the new sealer should be investigated to find out its chemical reaction occurring at tissue interface resulting in persistence of inflammation. 2. This subcutaneous implantation method is a practical method for qualitative evaluation of endodontic material and can yield exact detailed information about tissue reaction of material on a cellular level. 3. Hence, animal study is positive, efficient and valuable method to carry out research successfully in dentistry.

Background: The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) defines chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as “a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Due to progressive airflow limitation, the patients become increasingly symptomatic leading to worsening in their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Objective of present study was to examine that correlation of health related quality of life with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods: One hundred twenty consecutive stable COPD patients (diagnosed as per GOLD guidelines), without any co-morbid conditions (diabetes, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, hypertension) were recruited in this study after intuitional ethical clearance and informed consents. The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed using Hindi SGRQ-C. Forced expiratory volume in first one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC% and reversibility were measured using Spirolab III (Medical International Research USA, Inc.). The descriptive and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient were done in data treatment with SPSS version 20.Results: The component of SGRQ scores were as follows: Symptom score: 31.27±14.6 (range 2.3-64); Activity score: 59.01±23.08) (range 0-100); Impact score 42.19±22.25 (range 0-88.8) and the total score was = 45.34±17.96 (range 1.1.-88.6). There were significant negative correlations between all the parameters of SGRQ and FEV1% predicted (i.e. with lower FEV1% parameters of SGRQ will be high).Conclusions: Indian patients with COPD show significantly reduced HRQOL as measured by disease specific questionnaire SGRQ, similar to COPD patients in other countries. In our study, only FEV1 % predicted was significantly correlated with HRQOL, all other measures including GOLD staging were not significantly associated with HRQOL.