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The blow-up phenomena of stochastic semilinear parabolic equations with additive as well as linear multiplicative L\'evy noises are investigated in this work. By suitably modifying the concavity method in the stochastic context, we establish the blow-up phenomena of such systems defined on bounded domains.

With the advent of Belle II and the LHCb upgrade, the precision measurements of various B-Physics observables are on cards. This holds significant potential for delving into physics beyond the standard model of electroweak interactions. These measurements can also serve as means to establish limits on phenomena occurring at much finer length scales, such as quantum decoherence, which may arise due to potential discreteness in space-time or non-trivial topological effects. In this work, we set up the formalism to investigate the impact of quantum decoherence on several potential observables in $B$ meson systems. The approach employs the trace-preserving Kraus operator formalism, extending unitary evolution to non-unitary dynamics while maintaining complete positivity. In this formalism, the decoherence effects are parametrized in terms of a single parameter. Through the analysis of purely leptonic, semileptonic, and non-leptonic decays of $B$ mesons, we identify observables that could, in principle, be influenced by decoherence. The theoretical expressions are provided without neglecting the impact of decay width difference ($\Delta \Gamma$) and $CP$ violation in mixing. Considering that many of these observables can be measured with high precision using the abundant data collected by LHCb and Belle II, our formalism can be applied to establish constraints on the decoherence parameter through multiple decay channels. This offers an alternative set-up for such studies, which, at present, are predominantly conducted in the neutrino sector., Comment: 32 pages; matches accepted version in JHEP

As the integration of Internet of Things devices with cloud computing proliferates, the paramount importance of privacy preservation comes to the forefront. This survey paper meticulously explores the landscape of privacy issues in the dynamic intersection of IoT and cloud systems. The comprehensive literature review synthesizes existing research, illuminating key challenges and discerning emerging trends in privacy preserving techniques. The categorization of diverse approaches unveils a nuanced understanding of encryption techniques, anonymization strategies, access control mechanisms, and the burgeoning integration of artificial intelligence. Notable trends include the infusion of machine learning for dynamic anonymization, homomorphic encryption for secure computation, and AI-driven access control systems. The culmination of this survey contributes a holistic view, laying the groundwork for understanding the multifaceted strategies employed in securing sensitive data within IoT-based cloud environments. The insights garnered from this survey provide a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers navigating the complex terrain of privacy preservation in the evolving landscape of IoT and cloud computing, Comment: 33 pages

In the present paper, we study the existence and blow-up behavior to the following stochastic non-local reaction-diffusion equation: \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{aligned} du(t,x)&=\left[(\Delta+\gamma) u(t,x)+\int_{D}u^{q}(t,y)dy -ku^{p}(t,x)+\delta u^{m}(t,x)\int_{D}u^{n}(t,y)dy \right]dt &\quad+\eta u(t,x)dB^{H}(t), u(t,x)&=0, \ \ t>0, \ \ x\in \partial D, u(0,x)&=f(x) \geq 0, \ \ x\in D, \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation*} where $D\subset \mathbb{R}^{d}\ (d \geq 1)$ is a bounded domain with smooth boundary $\partial D$. Here, $k>0, \gamma, \delta, \eta \geq 0$ and $p,q,n>1,\ m\geq 0$ with $m+n \geq q\geq p$. The initial data $f $ is a non-negative bounded measurable function in class $C^{2}$ which is not identically zero. Here, $\left\{ B^{H}(t) \right\}_{t \geq 0} $ is a one-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $\frac{1}{2} \leq H<1$ defined on a filtered probability space $\left( \Omega, \mathcal{F}, (\mathcal{F}_{t})_{t \geq 0}, \mathbb{P} \right)$. First, we estimate a lower bound for the finite-time blow-up and by choosing a suitable initial data, we obtain the upper bound for the finite-time blow-up of the above equation. Next, we provide a sufficient condition for the global existence of a weak solution of the above equation. Further, we obtain the bounds for the probability of blow-up solution.

A mobile ad hoc network is made up of a number of wireless portable nodes that spontaneously come together en route for establish a transitory network with no need for any central management. A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is made up of a sizable and reasonably dense community of mobile nodes that travel across any terrain and rely solely on wireless interfaces for communication, not on any well before centralized management. Furthermore, routing be supposed to offer a method for instantly delivering data across a network between any two nodes. Finding the best packet routing from across infrastructure is the major issue, though. The proposed protocol's major goal is to identify the least-expensive nominal capacity acquisition that assures the transportation of realistic transport that ensures its durability in the event of any node failure. This study suggests the Optimized Route Selection via Red Imported Fire Ants (RIFA) Strategy as a way to improve on-demand source routing systems. Predicting Route Failure and energy Utilization is used to pick the path during the routing phase. Proposed work assess the results of the comparisons based on performance parameters like as energy usage, packet delivery rate (PDR), and end-to-end (E2E) delay. The outcome demonstrates that the proposed strategy is preferable and increases network lifetime while lowering node energy consumption and typical E2E delay under the majority of network performance measures and factors.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a significant cause of blindness globally, highlighting the urgent need for early detection and effective treatment. Recent advancements in Machine Learning (ML) techniques have shown promise in DR detection, but the availability of labeled data often limits their performance. This research proposes a novel Semi-Supervised Graph Learning SSGL algorithm tailored for DR detection, which capitalizes on the relationships between labelled and unlabeled data to enhance accuracy. The work begins by investigating data augmentation and preprocessing techniques to address the challenges of image quality and feature variations. Techniques such as image cropping, resizing, contrast adjustment, normalization, and data augmentation are explored to optimize feature extraction and improve the overall quality of retinal images. Moreover, apart from detection and diagnosis, this work delves into applying ML algorithms for predicting the risk of developing DR or the likelihood of disease progression. Personalized risk scores for individual patients are generated using comprehensive patient data encompassing demographic information, medical history, and retinal images. The proposed Semi-Supervised Graph learning algorithm is rigorously evaluated on two publicly available datasets and is benchmarked against existing methods. Results indicate significant improvements in classification accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity while demonstrating robustness against noise and outlie rs.Notably, the proposed algorithm addresses the challenge of imbalanced datasets, common in medical image analysis, further enhancing its practical applicability., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures

The [OIII] 5007 A emission line is the most common tracer of warm, ionized outflows in active galactic nuclei across cosmic time. JWST newly allows us to use mid-infrared spectral features at both high spatial and spectral resolution to probe these same winds. Here we present a comparison of ground-based, seeing-limited [OIII] and space-based, diffraction-limited [SIV] 10.51 micron maps of the powerful, kiloparsec-scale outflow in the Type 1 red quasar SDSS J110648.32+480712.3. The JWST data are from the Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI). There is a close match in resolution between the datasets (0."6), in ionization potential of the O$^{+2}$ and S$^{+3}$ ions (35 eV), and in line sensitivity (1e-17 to 2e-17 erg/s/cm$^2$/arcsec$^2$). The [OIII] and [SIV] line shapes match in velocity and linewidth over much of the 20 kpc outflowing nebula, and [SIV] is the brightest line in the rest-frame 3.5-19.5 micron range, demonstrating its usefulness as a mid-IR probe of quasar outflows. [OIII] is nevertheless intriniscally brighter and provides better contrast with the point-source continuum, which is strong in the mid-IR. There is a strong anticorrelation of [OIII]/[SIV] with average velocity, which is consistent with a scenario of differential obscuration between the approaching (blueshifted) and receding (redshifted) sides of the flow. The dust in the wind may also obscure the central quasar, consistent with models that attribute red quasar extinction to dusty winds., Comment: resubmitted to match published version; minor changes

With the help of a shared pool of reconfigurable computing resources, clients of the cloud-based model can keep sensitive data remotely and access the apps and services it offers on-demand without having to worry about maintaining and storing it locally. To protect the privacy of the public auditing system that supports the cloud data exchange system. The data's owner has the ability to change it using the private key and publishes it in the cloud. The RSA Technique is used to produce key codes for the cloud services atmosphere's privacy utilizing the system's baseboard number, disc number, and client passcode for validation. The method is based on a cutting-edge User End Generated (UEG) privacy technique that minimizes the involvement of a third party and improves security checks by automatically documenting destructive activities. To strengthen extensibility, various authorization-assigning modalities and block access patterns were established together with current operational design approaches. In order to meet the demands for decentralization, fine-grained auditability, extensibility, flexibility, and privacy protection for multilevel data access in networked environments, the suggested approach makes use of blockchain technology. According to a thorough performance and security assessment, the current proposal is exceptionally safe and effective.

Wireless networks that are decentralized and communicate without using existing infrastructure are known as mobile ad-hoc networks. The most common sorts of threats and attacks can affect MANETs. Therefore, it is advised to utilize intrusion detection, which controls the system to detect additional security issues. Monitoring is essential to avoid attacks and provide extra protection against unauthorized access. Although the current solutions have been designed to defeat the attack nodes, they still require additional hardware, have considerable delivery delays, do not offer high throughput or packet delivery ratios, or do not do so without using more energy. The capability of a mobile node to forward packets, which is dependent on the platform's life quality, may be impacted by the absence of the network node power source. We developed the Safe Routing Approach (SRA), which uses behaviour analysis to track and monitor attackers who discard packets during the route discovery process. The attacking node recognition system is made for irregular routing node detection to protect the controller network's usual properties from becoming recognized as an attack node. The suggested method examines the nearby attack nodes and conceals the trusted node in the routing pathway. The path is instantly assigned after the initial discovery of trust nodes based on each node's strength value. It extends the network's life span and reduces packet loss. In terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), energy consumption, network performance, and detection of attack nodes, the suggested approach is contrasted with AIS, ZIDS, and Improved AODV. The findings demonstrate that the recommended strategy performs superior in terms of PDR, residual energy, and network throughput.

Huge diagrams have unique properties for organizations and research, such as client linkages in informal organizations and customer evaluation lattices in social channels. They necessitate a lot of financial assets to maintain because they are large and frequently continue to expand. Owners of large diagrams may need to use cloud resources due to the extensive arrangement of open cloud resources to increase capacity and computation flexibility. However, the cloud's accountability and protection of schematics have become a significant issue. In this study, we consider calculations for security savings for essential graph examination practices: schematic extraterrestrial examination for outsourcing graphs in the cloud server. We create the security-protecting variants of the two proposed Eigen decay computations. They are using two cryptographic algorithms: additional substance homomorphic encryption (ASHE) strategies and some degree homomorphic encryption (SDHE) methods. Inadequate networks also feature a distinctively confidential info adaptation convention to allow the trade-off between secrecy and data sparseness. Both dense and sparse structures are investigated. According to test results, calculations with sparse encoding can drastically reduce information. SDHE-based strategies have reduced computing time, while ASHE-based methods have reduced stockpiling expenses.

We study the constraints on the doublet left-right symmetric model (DLRSM) arising due to the Higgs data. The $SU(2)_L$ symmetry of this model is broken by three vacuum expectation values, $\kappa_1$, $\kappa_2$, and $v_L$. Most studies of this model assume that the ratios $r = \kappa_2/\kappa_1$ and $w = v_L/\kappa_1$ are very small. In this work, we study the constraints imposed on $r$ and $w$ by the Higgs data from LHC. We consider the most general scalar potential and calculate the masses of the CP-even scalars and the couplings of the lightest of these scalars to itself, to $W$ and $Z$ gauge bosons, and to the third generation quarks. We find that there is no lower bound on either $r$ or $w$. Equating the mass of the lightest CP-even scalar to $125$ GeV leads to an upper limit $w < 6.7$. The requirement that the Yukawa coupling of the quarks to the Higgs bidoublet of the model should be perturbative yields the upper bounds $r < 0.8$ and $w < 3.5$. The Yukawa coupling of the bottom quark to the lightest CP-even scalar strongly disfavours value of $r, w < 0.1$ and shows a marked preference for values of $w \sim \mathcal{O}(1)$., Comment: Changes in text to improve clarity. Journal version

In this paper, we investigate the existence and finite-time blow-up for the solution of a reaction-diffusion system of semilinear stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) subjected to a two-dimensional fractional Brownian motion given by \begin{eqnarray*} du_{1}(t,x)&=&\left[ \Delta_{\alpha}u_{1}(t,x)+\gamma_{1}u_{1}(t,x)+u^{1+\beta_{1}}_{2}(t,x) \right]dt &\qquad \ \ +k_{11}u_{1}(t,x)dB^{H}_{1}(t)+k_{12}u_{1}(t,x)dB^{H}_{2}(t), du_{2}(t,x)&=&\left[ \Delta_{\alpha}u_{2}(t,x)+\gamma_{2}u_{2}(t,x)+u^{1+\beta_{2}}_{1}(t,x) \right]dt &\qquad \ \ +k_{21}u_{2}(t,x)dB^{H}_{1}(t)+k_{22}u_{2}(t,x)dB^{H}_{2}(t), \end{eqnarray*} for $x \in \mathbb{R}^{d},\ t \geq 0$, along with \begin{equation*} \begin{array}{ll} u_{i}(0,x)=f_{i}(x), &x \in \mathbb{R}^{d}, \nonumber \end{array} \end{equation*} where $\Delta_{\alpha}$ is the fractional power $-(-\Delta)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}$ of the Laplacian, $0<\alpha \leq 2$ and $\beta_{i}>0,\ \gamma_{i}>0$ and $k_{ij}\geq 0, i,j=1,2$ are constants. We provide sufficient conditions for the existence of a global weak solution. Under the assumption that $\beta_{1}\geq \beta_{2}>0$ with Hurst index $ 1/2 \leq H < 1,$ we obtain the blow-up times for an associated system of random partial differential equations in terms of an integral representation of exponential functions of Brownian motions. Moreover, we provide lower and upper bounds for the finite-time blow-up of the above system of SPDEs and obtain the upper bounds for the probability of non-explosive solutions to our considered system.

We consider an $U(1)_{L_\mu -L_\tau}$ extended left-right symmetric gauge theory where the neutrino masses are generated through inverse seesaw mechanism. In this model the muon $(g-2)$ anomaly is accounted for by the mediation of $Z_{\mu\tau}$, the gauge boson of $U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau}$ symmetry. The symmetries of the model require the light neutrino mass matrix to have a particular two-zero texture, which leads to non-trivial constraints in the minimum neutrino mass. In addition, the model predicts observable charged lepton flavor violation in $\mu-\tau$ sector., Comment: 21 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, Version accepted in Nucl. Phys. B

In this paper, we obtain the existence and finite-time blow-up for the solution to a system of semilinear stochastic partial differential equations driven by a combination of Brownian and fractional Brownian motions. Under suitable assumptions, lower and upper bounds for the finite-time blow-up solution are obtained. We provide sufficient conditions for the existence of a global weak solution to the system. Further, a lower bound for the probability of the finite-time blow-up solution of the considered system is provided by using Malliavin calculus., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2206.12359

We study the conditions under which the Majorana phase of the two flavor neutrino mixing matrix appears in the oscillation probabilities and causes $CP$ violation. We find that the Majorana phase remains in the neutrino evolution equation if the neutrino decay eigenstates are not aligned with the mass eigenstates. We show that, in general, two kinds of $CP$ violation are possible: one due to the Majorana phase and the other due to the phase of the off-diagonal element of the neutrino decay matrix. We find that the $CP$ violating terms in the oscillation probabilities are also sensitive to neutrino mass ordering., Comment: 4 pages, matches the published version

In this paper, we obtain lower and upper bounds for the blow-up times to a system of semilinear stochastic partial differential equations. Under suitable assumptions, lower and upper bounds of explosion times are obtained by using explicit solutions of an associated system of random partial differential equations and a formula due to Yor. We also provide an estimate for the probability of the finite-time blow-up. With a suitable choice of parameters, the impact of the noise on the solution is investigated. The above-obtained results are also extended for semilinear SPDEs forced by two dimensional Brownian motions.

In this article, we review the status of the tension between the long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiments T2K and NO$\nu$A. The tension arises mostly due to the mismatch in the appearance data of the two experiments. We explain how this tension arises based on $\nu_\mu \to \nu_e$ and $\bar{\nu}_\mu \to \bar{\nu}_e$ oscillation probabilities. We define the reference point of vacuum oscillation, maximal $\theta_{23}$ and $\delta_{CP}=0$ and compute the $\nu_e/\bar{\nu}_e$ appearance events for each experiment. We then study the effects of deviating the unknown parameters from the reference point and the compatibility of any given set of values of unknown parameters with the data from T2K and NO$\nu$A. T2K observes a large excess in the $\nu_e$ appearance event sample compared to the expected $\nu_e$ events at the reference point, whereas \nova observes a moderate excess. The large excess in T2K dictates that $\delta_{CP}$ be anchored at $-90^\circ$ and that $\theta_{23}>\pi/4$ with a preference for normal hierarchy. The moderate excess at NO$\nu$A leads to two degenerate solutions: A) NH, $0<\delta_{CP}<180^\circ$, and $\theta_{23}>\pi/4$; B) IH, $-180^\circ<\delta_{CP}<0$, and $\theta_{23}>\pi/4$. This is the main cause of the tension between the two experiments. We have reviewed the status of three beyond standard model (BSM) physics scenarios, (a) non-unitary mixing, (b) Lorentz invariance violation and (c) non-standard neutrino interactions, to resolve the tension., Comment: Review article, 59 pages, 17 figures, 7 tables