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Background Expression of angiogenic markers determined by microvessel density (MVD) could be used as a reliable predictor of prognosis and as a potential target for antiangiogenic therapy in different categories of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate MVD using immunohistochemical methods and computer-assisted quantitative image analysis in nodal NHL patients and compare CD34 and CD105 expression in lymph nodes of NHL patients. Materials and Methods The present study was conducted on 60 lymph node biopsies received in the Department of Pathology at our tertiary care center for histopathological examination. Representative paraffin-embedded tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin along with immunohistochemical stains for CD34 and CD105. MVDs were analyzed at 400× using automated image analyzer by two investigators independently. Statistical Analysis Data were calculated, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) statistical program version 18. The values entered were mean of morphometric parameters. In all tests, p-values below 0.05 were regarded as significant. Results MVD was determined by CD34 and CD105 antibody highly correlated with different categories of NHL. Higher MVD was observed in cases of aggressive NHL as compared with indolent NHL and the difference was statistically significantly. MVD using CD105 was correlated more strongly as compared to CD34 with different categories of NHL. Conclusion The present study concluded that NHL exhibits potent angiogenic activity that increased significantly with increasing aggressiveness. The study also demonstrated that CD105 is more specific than CD34 as a marker of neoangiogenesis in NHL.

Background and Objective: The currentstudy aimed at investigating the histomorphological spectrum of cervical intraepithelial and invasive lesions assessing the diagnostic significance of P16/INK4a and Ki-67 in such lesions, andcorrelatingP16/INK4a and Ki-67 immunoexpression with histologic type and grade.Methods: A total of 60 cases were selectedcomprising 10 cases withchronic cervicitis, 29 cases withcervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN), and 21 cases withsquamous cell carcinoma. These cases were evaluated morphologically and immunohistochemically with P16 and Ki-67.Results: There was no expression of P16 and Ki-67 in 10 (100%) cases withchronic cervicitis while in CIN, it was expressed in 25 (86.20%) cases and in carcinoma it was expressed in 20 (95.23%) cases. Ki-67 was expressed in 28 (96.55%) cases withCIN and in 100% of cases withcarcinoma.Conclusion: Cervical carcinoma is a significant contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Identification of bio-markers in cervical neoplasia is necessary to distinguish CIN from other non-neoplastic cervical lesions to prevent under treatmentor overtreatment as the histomorphological features alone are not sufficient.Significant upregulation of P16, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, and Ki-67, a nuclear non-histone protein, was observed in carcinoma cervix and with the increasing severity of CINs. Correlation between grades of P16 and Ki-67 among cervical pre-neoplasia and neoplasia showed an increasing P16 expression with consistently increasing Ki-67 labelling index in the groups with theincreasing severity.

Background: Pathogenesis of psoriasis is a debated issue. Several mechanisms have been proposed to identify the etiology and pathogenesis so that specific treatments can be given to patients with psoriasis. Aims: (1) To compare pattern and distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD31 in patients with psoriasis and other psoriasiform lesions of skin. (2) To study the correlation between VEGF and CD31 expression, clinical severity, and histopathology of psoriasiform lesions of skin. (3) Evaluation of microvessel density (MVD) by using computer-assisted quantitative image analysis in psoriatic skin lesions. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on eighty cases, out of which forty were diagnosed cases of psoriasis and forty cases of clinically suspected psoriasiform lesions, submitted in the Department of Pathology, Pt. B.D. Sharma, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, for histopathological examination. Histopathological sections were stained by routine hematoxylin and eosin staining, and these biopsies were further subjected to immunohistochemical staining with VEGF and CD31 as per standard technique. Results: Assessment of various histopathological features revealed strong correlation between epidermal hyperplasia, suprapapillary thinning, and elongation of rete ridges. Suprabasilar keratinocytes in psoriatic lesions stained intensely for VEGF. The difference for number of microvessels and MVD in psoriasis and psoriasiform lesions was statistically significant. Correlation between intensity of VEGF staining by suprabasilar keratinocytes and MVD was found to be highly significant in psoriatic lesions. Conclusion: The present study concluded that psoriatic lesions exhibit potent angiogenic activity. Early lesions show increased MVD along with other histomorphological parameters such as hypogranulosis, parakeratosis and Munro's microabscesses. Overexpression of VEGF by suprabasilar keratinocytes correlated with increased MVD in papillary dermis.

Primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of cervix is rare and very aggressive disease. There have been only few reported cases in literature. Here, we report a case of primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of uterine cervix, staged Ib2, initially diagnosed as adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. Patient treated with radical hysterectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The patient developed distant metastasis to brain without any other evidence of metastasis and local recurrence.

Subcutaneous metastatic nodules are an uncommon first sign of underlying cancer. Cutaneous metastasis occurs in 0.8% to 4% of all cancer patients and less than 5% in those with lung cancer. These metastases are usually single or multiple painless nodules that may be mobile or fixed. Cutaneous metastases from the lung are not very common and indicate a worse prognosis. The limited literature on skin metastases from a primary lung suggests that if other extracutaneous metastases exist, median survival does not exceed three months; however, if the skin is the only site of metastatic disease, survival can reach ten months. Fine needle aspiration cytology is an excellent noninvasive method for early diagnosis of subcutaneous nodules, which in the presence of characteristic cytomorphology obviates the need for more invasive methods and surgery. Once diagnosed, the aim is to start treatment as soon as possible before widespread visceral metastases occur. Although the response to chemotherapy is poor, possibly due to poor blood supply to the skin, monitoring response to chemotherapy is easier when such lesions are present. We hereby describe the case of a 38-year-old male who presented with a mass in the right lung along with a nodule on his scalp. Fine needle aspiration cytology from both sites revealed cytological features of adenocarcinoma.

Aspergillus is a common cause of invasive mycosis, especially in immunocompromised individuals. We report the case of a 62-year-old male who was hospitalized after suffering severe physical injuries and died after few weeks of hospitalization. A medicolegal autopsy was conducted, and various organs were sent for histopathological examination of which heart, lungs, and kidneys showed extensive involvement by aspergillus. Thus, a diagnosis of disseminated invasive aspergillosis was made on autopsy, which itself is a rare entity. This case report illustrates a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit as a possible risk factor for the development of disseminated aspergillosis

Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare neoplasm that affects children and adolescents. Fine needle aspiration biopsy is an extremely useful procedure for the diagnosis of YST. Main objective is to describe the characteristic cytological features of fine needle aspirates of YST. We report a case of YST in a 4-year-old male child occurring at paravertebral region showing cytomorphological details.

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) of cervix behaves aggressively and it has a propensity for local infiltration, invasion in lymphatic vessels as well as perineural spaces, with subsequent haematogenous spread. In advanced disease (Stage III and IV), outcome is invariably poor. Moreover, these cases have a high tendency to recur locally and also to metastasize to distant sites. There are no standard treatment protocols because of rarity of disease. The guidelines for its management are established similarly as for staged squamous cell carcinoma of cervix. Therefore, recommended treatment in advanced disease is aggressive multimodality treatment, which includes chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We are presenting a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of cervix in 55 years old patient, staged as III B. The patient was treated with concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The patient responded well to treatment and is disease free, three years after treatment.

Primary splenic cyst is a relatively rare entity; they comprise only about 10% of benign non-parasitic cysts. Most of these are asymptomatic and are observed incidentally during abdominal ultrasonography. The number of diagnosed splenic cyst cases seems to have risen because of the increasing use of abdominal imaging techniques. However, definite diagnosis is possible only after splenectomy when epithelial lining is confirmed histologically. We report a case of a 14-year-old child who presented with fullness of abdomen and pain in the left hypochondrium since last few months. First impression made was in favor of a splenic lymphangioma of size 8 × 8 cm which was based on a Computerized tomography scan and the sonographic findings. Splenectomy was performed and was sent for histopathological examination which in combination with immunohistochemistry revealed findings suggestive of primary epithelial cyst. A large cystic mass with a relatively thin wall localized in the spleen is likely to be a primary or secondary cyst. The diagnosis of false cyst should be favored if there is a clear history of trauma, if the patient is older than fourth decade, if there is a hematoma elsewhere in spleen, or if cyst wall is calcified. This rare entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis in a patient presenting with left hypochondrial pain.