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The use of immersive technologies, especially Augmented Reality (AR), is presently one of the main technological trends in the field of education. Some studies carried out in recent years in this field highlight that traditional evaluation systems continue to be used and raise the possibility of using adapted evaluation systems. This research, based on primary sources of information, seeks empirical evidence regarding the need to use digital evaluation systems adapted to technological resources in Science subjects and in stages of Compulsory Secondary Education. The methodology used is quantitative research based on the design and statistical analysis of the responses given by students to a questionnaire created ad hoc, administered to assess an AR educational resource used in class to explain a key concept in connection with the subject. The results obtained through the exploratory factorial analysis of the students’ answers reveal, as a latent construct, a high level of acceptance of the digital evaluation system used. The analysis of the data obtained in this study allows us to establish the hypothesis that a digital evaluation system adapted to the use of an immersive AR technological resource can generate a positive impact on the students' learning process.

The main objective of this study is the design and validation of an educational methodological model based on the use of immersive technological resources (Augmented Reality – AR) to improve learning processes in secondary education science subjects (Biology and Geology). The process was developed based on three main quantitative studies: an exploratory study, a study of performance divided into three cases studies, and an attitudinal study. The information obtained was completed with a fourth qualitative study of the training of teachers who participate in educational technology. This research provides empirical evidence that allows validation of the methodological model developed to explain key concepts and to improve the level of motivation and acceptance of AR technology by students. The proposed model can induce improvements in educational processes in the field of STEAM when used with an immersive AR technological resource and an adapted digital evaluation system. It also demonstrates that teachers require specific training in connection with the creation and the adequate use of AR educational resources, and of digital evaluation systems as well. The results of this study have important implications for the field of education, demonstrating the potential of AR technology to improve learning outcomes and the need for teacher training in its use.

Los últimos informes publicados en el ámbito de la educación por organizaciones internacionales sugieren que, un uso inadecuado de recursos tecnológicos con fines educativos puede generar una brecha digital entre grupos de estudiantes. Este estudio, basado en fuentes primarias de información, aporta evidencia empírica mediante análisis de datos cuantitativos, que respaldan la hipótesis basada en que la ubicación geográfica de los centros educativos tiene un impacto significativo sobre factores como el grado de aceptación de la tecnología y de otros posibles factores. Estos resultados contribuyen a la comprensión de cómo un uso adecuado de recursos educativos basados en tecnología inmersiva de Realidad Aumentada y en otras tecnologías como la Inteligencia Artificial, pueden favorecer el desarrollo de procesos innovadores de enseñanza y aprendizaje que incentiven la eliminación de brechas digitales, mejorando los procesos de atención a la diversidad, la equidad y la inclusión del alumnado.

The prevalent pathogens associated with bovine uterine infections are bacteria that appear to increase the host’s susceptibility to secondary infections with other bacteria or viruses, among which BoGHV4 is the most frequently found. In this work, the study of the pathways of apoptosis induction was carried out on an experimental model of primary culture of endometrial cells, in order to know the implication of BoGHV4 and the presence of bacterial LPS in the pathogenesis of the bovine reproductive tract. For this, different staining techniques and molecular analysis by RT-PCR were used. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that the level of cell death observed in the proposed primary culture is directly related to the time of viral infection and the presence of LPS in BoGHV4 infection. The apoptosis indices in cells infected with BoGHV4 and BoGHV4 + LPS revealed a maximum that correlated with the appearance of cytopathic effects and the maximum viral titers in the model studied. However, morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes were evident during both early and late stages of apoptosis. These findings provide information on the factors that may influence the pathogenesis of BoGHV4 and help to better understand the mechanisms involved in virus infection.

Abstract Background Prevalence of high myopia is continuously increasing, thus, patients affected with staphyloma are abundant worldwide. Assessment of the quality of vision in these patients is mandatory for a proper clinical counselling, specially when undergoing surgical procedures that require intraocular lenses implantation. Thus, the purpose of the study was to assess monochromatic higher order aberrations (HOAs) in highly myopic eyes with staphyloma with or without a dome-shaped macula. Methods Participants underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, ocular axial biometry, dual Scheimpflug photography and integrated Placido disk topography, and Hartmann-Shack wavefront analysis. Five groups were evaluated: a low-moderate myopia control group (

Purpose: To test the efficacy of runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) inhibition with topical nanoemulsion containing Ro5-3335 (eNano-Ro5) in experimental ocular neovascularization. Design: Preclinical experimental study. Participants: In vitro primary culture human retinal endothelial cell (HREC) culture. C57BL/6J 6- to 10-week-old male and female mice. Methods: We evaluated the effect of eNano-Ro5 in cell proliferation, cell toxicity, and migration of HRECs. We used an alkali burn model of corneal neovascularization and a laser-induced model of choroidal neovascularization to test in vivo efficacy of eNano-Ro5 in pathologic angiogenesis in mice. We used mass spectrometry to measure penetration of Ro5-3335 released from the nanoemulsion in ocular tissues. Main Outcome Measures: Neovascular area. Results: RUNX1 inhibition reduced cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed detectable levels of the active RUNX1 small-molecule inhibitor Ro5-3335 in the anterior and posterior segment of the mice eyes. Topical treatment with eNano-Ro5 significantly reduced corneal neovascularization and improved corneal wound healing after alkali burn. Choroidal neovascularization lesion size and leakage were significantly reduced after treatment with topical eNano-Ro5. Conclusions: Topical treatment with eNano-Ro5 is an effective and viable platform to deliver a small-molecule RUNX1 inhibitor. This route of administration offers advantages that could improve the management and outcomes of these sight-threatening conditions. Topical noninvasive delivery of RUNX1 inhibitor could be beneficial for many patients with pathologic ocular neovascularization.

El presente trabajo se ocupa de dos artículos sobre España escritos por José María Blanco White: uno publicado en 1823, en la revista The Quarterly Review, como recensión crítica de la obra de Michael J. Quin: A Visit to Spain; Detailing the Transactions which Occurred during a Residence in that Country, in the Latter Part of 1822, and the first four months of 1823; otro inserto en la Sixth Editions of the Encyclopaedia Britannica y fechado en 1824. Se presentan y analizan los hechos histórico-políticos acaecidos en España desde finales del XVIII y hasta el primer tercio del siglo XIX, sobre los que se extiende Blanco White. El examen revela, entre otras cuestiones, que Blanco White entendió que los españoles habían tenido muchas dificultades para desprenderse del yugo del absolutismo y que en España no había tenido lugar un inteligente y adecuado desarrollo del liberalismo, incapaz este de construir una respuesta ajustada a la realidad española que no fuese más allá de lo que la propia nación en ciernes era capaz de tolerar. Además, evidencia que White mostró un profundo desacuerdo con los principios de la fórmula liberal generalmente vinculada a las normas y prácticas tradicionales del liberalismo patrio, de clara inspiración e influencia francesa, optando por el modelo británico.

Histoplasmosis commonly presents as an asymptomatic or self-limited infection in immunocompetent patients, but immunocompromised hosts may present with severe and disseminated disease. Herein, we present a 26-year-old male with history of ulcerative colitis receiving long-term TNF-alpha inhibitor therapy who presented with six months of diarrhea and recently fever and hematochezia. On admission, he was febrile and hypotensive, with initial workup revealing pancytopenia and imaging reporting pulmonary infiltrates, pancolitis, and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Disseminated histoplasmosis was ultimately diagnosed after examination of the colonic biopsy. Bone marrow biopsy was also consistent with the diagnosis of histoplasmosis but also demonstrated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The patient was ultimately treated with amphotericin B, intravenous immunoglobulin, etoposide, and corticosteroids.

Abstract Background To analyze predictors and develop predictive models of anatomic outcome in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treated with as-needed ranibizumab after 4 years of follow-up. Methods A multicenter consecutive case series non-interventional study was performed. Clinical, funduscopic and OCT characteristics of 194 treatment-naïve patients with AMD treated with as-needed ranibizumab for at least 2 years and up to 4 years were analyzed at baseline, 3 months and each year until the end of the follow-up. Baseline demographic and angiographic characteristics were also evaluated. R Statistical Software was used for statistical analysis. Main outcome measure was final anatomic status. Results Factors associated with less probability of preserved macula were diagnosis in 2009, older age, worse vision, presence of atrophy/fibrosis, pigment epithelium detachment, and geographic atrophy/fibrotic scar/neovascular AMD in the fellow eye. Factors associated with higher probability of GA were presence of atrophy and greater number of injections, whereas male sex, worse vision, lesser change in central macular thickness and presence of fibrosis were associated with less probability of GA as final macular status. Predictive model of preserved macula vs. GA/fibrotic scar showed sensibility of 77.78% and specificity of 69.09%. Predictive model of GA vs. fibrotic scar showed sensibility of 68.89% and specificity of 72.22%. Conclusions We identified predictors of final macular status, and developed two predictive models. Predictive models that we propose are based on easily harvested variables, and, if validated, could be a useful tool for individual patient management and clinical research studies.

The PSOE has held a relevant position in the Spanish party system since the first democratic elections in 1977: twenty-one years in office together with a continuous presence in government at the regional and local level have credited it as government party. Throughout this period, despite undergoing periodic ideological reassessment and, on several occasions, traumatic restructuring of its leadership, the party always retained its potential as an electoral alternative, even when in opposition. Since 2008, however, there have been numerous indications that the PSOE is facing its most serious crisis: ideological-programmatic confusion; falling membership; difficulties to consolidate its national leadership and rapid electoral decline. More than a century-old, the PSOE is facing an uncertain future with respect to its role within Spanish politics. This has become particularly apparent since 2014, as the party has been confronted by competitors in the centre and on the left, the parties of the so-called new politics. This article examines the factors that have influenced the loss of electoral support in the period from 2008 to 2015, taking into account the incidence of contextual, attitudinal and political leadership elements.

El presente artículo aborda el problema de la organización territorial y la administración de justicia de los estados en construcción en el Río de la Plata, a partir del estudio de un caso situado en el departamento de Maldonado durante la formación de la Provincia Cisplatina. El objetivo es profundizar en el estudio de la organización territorial durante la construcción estatal rioplatense, en un período que es sujeto de revisión por la reciente historiografía uruguaya. Se analizará la petición de los vecinos de San Carlos en 1822 y la respuesta del Cabildo de Maldonado, a partir de un enfoque regional —que incluya las diferentes escalas del problema— y en línea con los aportes de historiadores que han renovado los estudios sobre los espacios políticos y administrativos del Río de la Plata durante la crisis del orden colonial y la revolución de independencia. El caso da cuenta del trasfondo de las luchas por la posesión de la tierra en la organización de la justicia, del peso de los pueblos en la organización territorial, así como de las particulares lecturas que hicieron de procesos locales, provinciales, atlánticos y de los límites a su participación.

Para conocer el tamaño de parcela que permita medir con eficiencia la incidencia de la Podredumbre blanca del capítulo-PBC de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) se evaluó, en Balcarce, un par de híbridos en ensayos de uniformidad durante 2016 y 2017. Todos los capítulos de cada ensayo se inocularon con Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Durante el primer año y para cada híbrido, se delinearon 165 parcelas mínimas, de un surco de 2m x 0,70m (=1,4m2). Mientras que en el segundo, la cantidad fue de 150. En cada una de esas parcelas básicas se registró la incidencia de PBC. Luego se generaron ocho tamaños más, combinando las parcelas mínimas adyacentes en distintos arreglos. El tamaño óptimo se señaló detectando el punto de máxima curvatura en gráficos que relacionaron el coeficiente de variación y los nueve tamaños de parcelas considerados. El análisis de varianza combinado sólo detectó efectos significativos de híbridos (H), años (A) y HxA sobre la incidencia de PBC. Los resultados obtenidos no permitieron señalar un único tamaño de parcela, dado que el óptimo dependió del nivel de resistencia del híbrido y del año de experimento. Así durante 2017, año más favorable a la enfermedad, el tamaño óptimo de parcela para los dos híbridos, resultó inferior que el señalado en 2016. Bajo las condiciones en que se desarrolló el experimento, el uso de parcelas de mayor superficie al señalado, no provocaría un incremento significativo en la fiabilidad de medición de la INC, por unidad de recursos utilizados.

En este trabajo se ofrece un avance de los resultados de la encuesta a elites políticas españolas realizadaen el marco del proyecto IntUne. Tras una sucinta descripción de los objetivos y organizacióngeneral del proyecto, en la que se presta especial atención a la parte dedicada al estudio de las elitesnacionales europeas, se exponen los detalles relativos a la metodología seguida en la elaboraciónde la encuesta en la que se basa este trabajo. A continuación, en lo que constituye la parte principalde esta nota, se realiza una breve exposición de los resultados preliminares de la encuesta en relacióncon las principales percepciones que los miembros de la cámara baja española tienen sobreEuropa y/o sobre el proceso de integración europeo.

The longevity of a coalition in government is frequently confused with its stability as a coalition. The analysis on time of the longevity of the coalition usually replace the judgment about the effects of this coalition over the political system. Beyond the consideration about the time in power, seems useful to examine his stability and political effects over the system. In other words to keep in mind the «quality of the coalition government». Keeping in mind this common confusion, in this paper we will consider two different facts. On the one hand, coalition arraignment and the political agenda of the three parties in the city hall of Granada after the elections on March 1999. This parties are PSOE (Socialist Party), IU (United Left) and the PA (Andalusian nationalism). By the order, this article will examine the immediate political effects of coalition and the degree of fulfilment of the political agenda in the first two years in government. The comparison among political projects and his possibility to turn into real policies in a so short period, will allow us to advance some hypothesis about the real basement where the stability of the every coalition in government is rooted: the quality of the government. Considering data from 1999 and 2000 this paper will advance some conclusions about the successor the failure of this minimal winning coalition mainly from the perspective of the fulfilment of his pre electionary programs.La longevidad de una coalición de gobierno se confunde frecuentemente con su estabilidad. El análisis del tiempo que los actores permanecen coaligados sustituye al juicio que es preciso hacer sobre los efectos políticos a los que dicha coalición da lugar. Frente a la consideración exclusiva de la cantidad de gobierno, es también preciso y útil tener en cuenta la calidad a la hora de examinar su solidez. Teniendo en cuenta esta habitual confusión, en el presente trabajo consideraremos dos momentos diferentes: por un lado, en la formación y en la agenda de gobierno de los tres partidos coaligados en el gobierno del Ayuntamiento de Granada tras las elecciones de marzo de 1999; por otro lado, en los efectos inmediatos y el grado de cumplimiento de la agenda en los dos primeros años de gobierno municipal. La comparación entre los proyectos y las materializaciones concretas, en un periodo tan corto, nos permitirá avanzar conclusiones provisionales en torno al verdadero pilar sobre el que se funda la estabilidad de la coalición: la calidad del gobierno. Al tiempo, y a partir de los datos obtenidos, avanzaremos una evaluación sobre el acierto o el fracaso de la coalición mínima mayoritaria pactada entre los tres partidos políticos presentes en el gobierno municipal del Ayuntamiento de Granada: PSOE, IU y PA.

Estudio de una novela de 1690, ambientada en una finca del Campo de Cartagena, llamada «El Lentiscar». Capítulo a capítulo, analizamos los sucesos y los vinculamos a los tópicos del Barroco español más tardío. Como en el Decameron, los protagonistas acuden a esta villa, a fin de curar lamelancolía de una monja exclaustrada de poco más de 16 años. Las fiestas que a la doncella se le hacen recuerda a la estancia de Don Quijote en el Palacio de los Duques. Allí, lo popular se mezcla con lo elitista, los sucesos gratos con los dramáticos, y los lugares triviales con los mágicos. La Historia se halla presente: las incursiones de los piratas berberiscos, la descripción del monasterio de San Ginés de la Jara, la presencia de don Luis Fajardo, en clave de galán de la doncella. La historia acaba en tragedia, con la muerte del enamorado, y la vuelta al claustro de Filomunda, apropiado nombre de la damisela.

El profesor Flores Arroyuelo no sólo es etnógrafo, sino que además tiene obra narrativa, la cual es objeto de análisis en este artículo, si bien es un elemento prácticamente desconocido de su obra.

Uno de los factores críticos es lograr un correcto posicionamiento de la estructura de hierro y su recubrimiento adecuado de hormigón.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is increasing in global prevalence. An individualized approach to pharmacotherapy should consider costs, benefits beyond glucose control, and adverse events. Metformin is the first-line therapy due to its low cost and effectiveness. Sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones are additional low-cost oral hypoglycemic classes available in the United States; however, evidence shows variability in weight gain and hypoglycemia. Thiazolidinediones increase fluid retention and are not recommended in patients with New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure. Newer medications, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, have demonstrated weight loss, reduced cardiovascular events, decreased renal disease, and improved all-cause morbidity and mortality. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are recommended for people with known cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease but carry an increased risk of urinary tract and mycotic infections. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are contraindicated in patients with active multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 or a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma; adverse effects include gastrointestinal upset and pancreatitis. Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors have a low risk of hypoglycemia but may increase the risk of pancreatitis and require a renal dose adjustment. Public and private programs to increase access to newer hypoglycemic medications are increasing; however, there are limitations to access, particularly for uninsured and underinsured people. (Am Fam Physician. 2024; 109(4): 333–342. Copyright © 2024 American Academy of Family Physicians.) Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is increasing in global prevalence. An individualized approach to pharmacotherapy should consider costs, benefits beyond glucose control, and adverse events. Metformin is the first-line therapy due to its low cost and effectiveness. Sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones are additional low-cost oral hypoglycemic classes available in the United States; however, evidence shows variability in weight gain and hypoglycemia. Thiazolidinediones increase fluid retention and are not recommended in patients with New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure. Newer medications, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, have demonstrated weight loss, reduced cardiovascular events, decreased renal disease, and improved all-cause morbidity and mortality. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are recommended for people with known cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease but carry an increased risk of urinary tract and mycotic infections. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are contraindicated in patients with active multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 or a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma; adverse effects include gastrointestinal upset and pancreatitis. Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors have a low risk of hypoglycemia but may increase the risk of pancreatitis and require a renal dose adjustment. Public and private programs to increase access to newer hypoglycemic medications are increasing; however, there are limitations to access, particularly for uninsured and underinsured people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]