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Abstract To determine the proportion of patients with COVID-19 who were readmitted to the hospital and the most common causes and the factors associated with readmission. Multicenter nationwide cohort study in Spain. Patients included in the study were admitted to 147 hospitals from March 1 to April 30, 2020. Readmission was defined as a new hospital admission during the 30 days after discharge. Emergency department visits after discharge were not considered readmission. During the study period 8392 patients were admitted to hospitals participating in the SEMI-COVID-19 network. 298 patients (4.2%) out of 7137 patients were readmitted after being discharged. 1541 (17.7%) died during the index admission and 35 died during hospital readmission (11.7%, p = 0.007). The median time from discharge to readmission was 7 days (IQR 3–15 days). The most frequent causes of hospital readmission were worsening of previous pneumonia (54%), bacterial infection (13%), venous thromboembolism (5%), and heart failure (5%). Age [odds ratio (OR): 1.02; 95% confident interval (95% CI): 1.01–1.03], age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index score (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06–1.21), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.26–2.69), asthma (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.04–2.22), hemoglobin level at admission (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86–0.99), ground-glass opacification at admission (OR: 0.86; 95% CI:0.76–0.98) and glucocorticoid treatment (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.00–1.66) were independently associated with hospital readmission. The rate of readmission after hospital discharge for COVID-19 was low. Advanced age and comorbidity were associated with increased risk of readmission.

Impaired functional capacity is one of the most commonly reported consequences among post-COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to analyse the clinical variables related to functional capacity and exertional desaturation in post-COVID-19 patients at the time of hospital discharge. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia. The main outcomes measures were functional capacity, assessed using the 1 min sit-to-stand test (1 min STST), and exertional desaturation, defined as a drop of ≥4% in the arterial oxygen saturation. Factors used to characterise the participant outcomes included the use of a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), prolonged hospitalisation, occurrence of pulmonary embolism during hospitalisation, and underlying comorbidities. A total of 381 participants (mean age = 53.7 ± 13.2 years, 65.6% men) were included. Participants completed a mean of 16.9 ± 6.2 repetitions in the 1 min STST. Exertional desaturation was observed in 51% of the patients. Higher odds of exertional desaturation were found in the participants who used a HFNC (OR = 3.6; 95%CI: 1.6 to 7.8), were admitted in the hospital >10 days (OR = 4.2; 95%CI: 2.6 to 6.8), and had a pulmonary embolism (OR = 3.5; 95%CI: 2.2. to 5.3). Use of a HFNC (β = −3.4; 95%CI: −5.3 to −1.44), a hospital stay >10 days (β = −2.2; 95%CI: −3.4 to −0.9), and a history of pulmonary embolism (β = −1.4; 95%CI: −2.6 to −0.2) were also negatively associated with the 1 min STST. Most post-COVID-19 patients exhibited reduced functional capacity at the time of hospital discharge, and approximately half had exertional desaturation after the 1 min STST. The use of a HFNC, prolonged hospitalisation and pulmonary embolism were the main clinical variables associated with worse a 1 min STST performance and a higher likelihood of exertional desaturation.

AbstractBackground Hyperglycaemia has emerged as an important risk factor for death in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between blood glucose (BG) levels and in-hospital mortality in non-critically patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Methods This is a retrospective multi-centre study involving patients hospitalized in Spain. Patients were categorized into three groups according to admission BG levels: 180 mg/dL. The primary endpoint was all-cause in-hospital mortality.Results Of the 11,312 patients, only 2128 (18.9%) had diabetes and 2289 (20.4%) died during hospitalization. The in-hospital mortality rates were 15.7% (180 mg/dL), p180 mg/dL: HR 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31–1.73) (BG 140–180 mg/dL; HR 1.48; 95%CI: 1.29–1.70). Hyperglycaemia was also associated with requirement for mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality.Conclusions Admission hyperglycaemia is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality in non-critically hospitalized COVID-19 patients regardless of prior history of diabetes.KEY MESSAGEAdmission hyperglycaemia is a stronger and independent risk factor for mortality in COVID-19.Screening for hyperglycaemia, in patients without diabetes, and early treatment of hyperglycaemia should be mandatory in the management of patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Admission hyperglycaemia should not be overlooked in all patients regardless prior history of diabetes.

To the Editor, Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a low incidence disease that can cause acute coronary syndromes.1,2 Although substantial advances have been made in the knowledge of the physiology, diagnosis, clinical management, and prognosis of SCAD, the degree to which such knowledge has entered the medical community is still uncertain. For this reason, it was decided to conduct a descriptive research on the knowledge and attitude of the Spanish interventional cardiologists towards SCAD. The authors developed a 24-question survey including the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and acute and postcritical management of SCAD.3 The initiative was approved and supported by the Working Group on Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology of the Spanish Society of Cardiology. The survey was closed in December 2018 with 161 answers from 72 centers (26 respondents did not complete the variable “center”). Figure 1 shows the answers given to the question “diagnosis”. Two thirds of the respondents associated the SCAD with the profile of a young woman without any risk factors or pregnancy/puerperium- related. Regarding the angiographic manifestation, the most common pattern recognized by the respondents was not an angiographic dissection, but the loss of diffuse caliber in the blood vessel (type 2). Also, most respondents reported a low use...

Sr. Editor: La disección coronaria espontánea (DCE) es una afección de baja incidencia que causa síndromes coronarios agudos1,2. Si bien en la última década se han realizado avances sustanciales en el conocimiento de la fisiopatología, el diagnóstico, el manejo clínico y el pronóstico de la DCE, el grado en que dicho conocimiento se ha incorporado a la comunidad médica es incierto. Por este motivo, se decidió realizar una investigación descriptiva en la que se reflejasen el conocimiento y la actitud respecto a la DCE de los cardiólogos intervencionistas con ejercicio profesional en España. Los autores elaboraron un cuestionario de 24 preguntas que abarcaron aspectos como la presentación clínica, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento agudo y poscrítico de la DCE3. La iniciativa recibió la aprobación y el respaldo de la Sección de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología. La encuesta se cerró en diciembre de 2018 con 161 respuestas procedentes de 72 centros (26 encuestados no completaron la variable «centro»). La figura 1 muestra las respuestas sobre el diagnóstico. Dos terceras partes de los encuestados asociaron la DCE a un perfil de mujer joven sin factores de riesgo o en el embarazo/puerperio. Respecto a la manifestación angiográfica, el patrón más...

Hace un recuento de lo que fue la prensa de ayer, de hoy y del futuro. Recuerda los tiempos del periodismo bohemio, de los inicios de la investigación, la opinión y la orientación que daban y las críticas que se han hecho a los periodistas jóvenes. A los dueños de periódicos no les preocupa la competencia de Internet en la divulgación de las noticias.

Este trabajo presenta GESCLAV, una plataforma para la gestión de clases virtuales a través de Internet con un alto grado de interactividad profesor-alumno. GESCLAV gestiona la intercomunicación entre profesor y alumno por medio de video, audio y mensajería instantánea, simulando el entorno de un aula real, y permitiendo a alumnos y profesor interaccionar para la formulación y resolución de cuestiones respectivamente. Además, GESCLAV ofrece otros servicios offline tales como gestión de asignaturas, gestión de alumnado y videoteca de clases. Abstract This work presents GESCLAV, a technological platform for virtual classes’ management in Internet with a high degree of interactivity professor-student. GESCLAV handles communication between student and professor by using video, audio and instant messaging solutions simulating a real classroom conditions and enabling real time interaction between students and professor for making and solving questions respectively. Besides, GESCLAV offers classical offline virtual teaching services such as subjects and student management and old classes’ repository.

Objectives: To characterise the long-term success rate of ventral onlay buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty (vBMG) in the management of bulbar urethral stricture disease (USD), assess patient-reported postoperative satisfaction and decision regret, and delineate clinical factors impacting patient-reported metrics., Subjects and Methods: Patients with prior vBMG for bulbar USD, performed at Cleveland Clinic between 2003 and 2022, were contacted and brief structured interviews were performed. Stricture recurrence and need for secondary procedures, baseline demographics, and patient-reported outcome surveys were collected. The surveys included the Decision Regret Scale (DRS), the Urethral Stricture Symptom Impact Measure (USSIM) and the 10-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Form, version 1.2 (PROMIS-10). Descriptive, univariate and multivariable analyses were performed for clinical outcomes and survey responses., Results: A total of 104 patients recorded responses. The median patient age was 49 years and the median follow-up was 7.4 years at time of survey. The median graft length was 5 cm and 38% of patients underwent partial thickness augmented anastomotic urethroplasty. At time of follow-up, 10 patients underwent a secondary procedure. Moderate to severe regret on the DRS was found in 12% of patients, and greater regret was associated with recurrence. The mean physical and mental health PROMIS-10 Global Health T-scores were 52 and 53. The mean total USSIM score was 56. A significant correlation was found between USSIM and DRS scores, with higher DRS score and recurrence negatively impacting USSIM score. USSIM scoring across all domains was significantly worse in the moderate to severe DRS group., Conclusion: This study showed that vBMG for bulbar USD confers both high success rates and patient-reported satisfaction at extended follow-up, based on emerging and validated patient-reported outcome measures., (© 2024 The Author(s). BJU International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of BJU International.)

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an mHealth neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) parent support smartphone application to improve psychosocial well-being, specifically reduced stress and anxiety, increased parenting competence, and improved social support among a diverse group of parents with infants born preterm in 3 Chicago-area NICUs., Study Design: A time-lapsed, quasiexperimental design in which control participants were enrolled and then intervention participants enrolled. Data collection occurred at 3 timepoints: NICU admission (AD), discharge (DC), and 30 days post-DC (DC+30). Validated outcome measures included parenting sense of competence, stress, anxiety, and social support., Results: Intention-to-treat analyses included 400 participants (156 intervention; 244 control). After covariate adjustment, a significant increase in parenting sense of competence (AD-DC, DC+30), decrease in stress (AD-DC+30), decrease in anxiety (AD-DC, DC+30), and increase in social support (AD-DC) were noted but did not differ by study arm. However, secondary analysis of parents with infants born at <32 weeks of gestational age (156 participants) showed decrease in stress (AD-DC+30) that was greater in intervention vs control group (P = .03). Among intervention participants who were Black, a significant increase in social support (AD-DC) total score (P = .01), and 2 subscales of emotional/informational support (P = .02) and positive social interaction (P = .02) were found., Conclusions: This novel mHealth intervention shows evidence of reduced stress and anxiety while increasing social support among some subsets of parents at high risk of negative psychosocial experiences in the NICU, potentially enhancing outcomes for infants born preterm by ensuring that parents are less stressed and better supported., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest C.G. has received grant support from the National Institute of Health (NIH), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Friends of Prentice Philanthropy, and The Kresge Foundation and has the right to receive payments or may receive future financial benefits for inventions or discoveries related to the NICU2Home, LLC company. Y.L. has received grant support from the National Institute of Health (NIH), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and Friends of Prentice Philanthropy and has the right to receive payments or may receive future financial benefits for inventions or discoveries related to the NICU2Home, LLC company. K.O.S. has the right to receive payments or may receive future financial benefits for inventions or discoveries related to the NICU2Home, LLC company. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest. The sponsor, Health Care Service Corporation, had no role beyond providing a grant award to our institution, specifically, no role in study design; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; the writing of the report; or the decision to submit the paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the extent to which single-family room (SFR) designs enhance family presence and satisfaction and to examine the impact of built environment factors such as proximity, access, privacy, technology, lighting, and acoustics on these outcomes., Background: The SFR neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) presents a highly intricate setting with distinctive design attributes. This study investigated a NICU environment moving from an open-bay model to a single-family unit., Methods: A comprehensive research study was conducted by a NICU patient care manager and researchers specializing in design and health communication. Quantitative data were collected from NICU family participants by electronic surveys and 30 hours of observation focused on occupancy. Qualitative data were gathered through 7 focus groups and 1 interview., Results: The findings reveal that single-family designs can facilitate enhanced feelings of safety, privacy, and satisfaction among families but support the desire for enhanced social opportunities among parents. The patient room was predominantly occupied by the patient, nursing staff, and family., Conclusions: This study further validates that SFR NICUs are beneficial for families when compared to open-bay designs., Implications for Practice and Research: As NICUs continue to increase in size, research should understand the impact this has on parental access to staff and concerns about isolation. This study highlights the importance of privacy, acoustics, and the implementation of technology in enhancing parental satisfaction. Optimizing NICU design positively influences parents' experiences, reinforcing the ongoing commitment to improving the environment for infant care., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Becoming a parent is a transformative experience requiring multiple transitions, including the need to navigate several components of health care, manage any mental health issues, and develop and sustain an approach to infant feeding. Baby2Home (B2H) is a digital intervention built on the collaborative care model (CCM) designed to support families during these transitions to parenthood., Objectives: We aim to investigate the effects of B2H on preventive healthcare utilization for the family unit and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) trajectories with a focus on mental health. We also aim to evaluate heterogeneity in treatment effects across social determinants of health including self-reported race and ethnicity and household income. We hypothesize that B2H will lead to optimized healthcare utilization, improved PROs trajectories, and reduced racial, ethnic, and income-based disparities in these outcomes as compared to usual care., Methods: B2H is a multi-center, pragmatic, individual-level randomized controlled trial. We will enroll 640 families who will be randomized to: [1] B2H + usual care, or [2] usual care alone. Preventive healthcare utilization is self-reported and confirmed from medical records and includes attendance at the postpartum visit, contraception use, depression screening, vaccine uptake, well-baby visit attendance, and breastfeeding at 6 months. PROs trajectories will be analyzed after collection at 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 12 months. PROs include assessments of stress, depression, anxiety, self-efficacy and relationship health., Implications: If B2H proves effective, it would provide a scalable digital intervention to improve care for families throughout the transition to new parenthood., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The neuroprotective actions of the ovarian hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) against different brain lesions have been constantly confirmed in a variety of models including kainic acid (KA) lesions. Similarly, the pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL), traditionally associated with lactogenesis, has recently been linked to a large diversity of functions, including neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and cognitive processes. While the mechanisms of actions of E2 as regards its neuroprotective and behavioral effects have been extensively explored, the molecular mechanisms of PRL related to these roles remain under investigation. The current study aimed to investigate whether the simultaneous administration of PRL and a low dose of E2 prevents the KA-induced cognitive deficit and if this action is associated with changes in hippocampal neuronal density., Methods: Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were treated with saline, PRL, and/or E2 in the presence or absence of KA. Neuroprotection was assessed by Nissl staining and neuron counting. Memory was evaluated with the novel object recognition test (NOR)., Results: On their own, both PRL and E2 prevented short- and long-term memory deficits in lesioned animals and exerted neuroprotection against KA-induced excitotoxicity in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the combined hormonal treatment was superior to either of the treatments administered alone as regards improving both memory and neuronal survival., Conclusion: Taken together, these results point to a synergic effect of E2 and PRL in the hippocampus to produce their behavioral, proliferative, and neuroprotective effects., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Hellenic Endocrine Society.)

The removal of non-pathogenic foreskin from the penis of healthy neonates and infants for non-religious reasons is routinely practiced in many parts of the world. High level data from well-designed randomized controlled trials of circumcision in neonates and infants does not guide clinical practice. Reliable counts of immediate and short term circumcision complications are difficult to estimate. Emerging evidence suggests routine neonatal circumcision could lead to long term psychological, physical, and sexual complications in some men. The stigma associated with discussing circumcision complications creates a prevalence paradox where the presence of significant circumcision complications is higher than reported. Prior to the Internet, there were very few forums for men from diverse communities, who were troubled about their circumcision status, to discuss and compare stories. To investigate the long term consequences of circumcision, we reviewed 135 posts from 109 individual users participating in a circumcision grief subsection of Reddit, an internet discussion board. We identified three major categories of complications: physical such as pain during erections and lost sensitivity, psychological such as anxiety and violation of autonomy, and sexual such as feeling that the sexual experience was negatively altered or being unable to complete a sexual experience. We also identified a "discovery process" where some men described coming into awareness of their circumcision status. These findings suggest that neonatal circumcision can have significant adverse consequences for adult men. The removal of normal foreskin tissue should be limited to adult men who choose the procedure for cosmetic reasons or when medically indicated., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Schizophrenia is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, and disorganization of thought and language), negative symptoms (abulia, alogia, and affective flattening), and cognitive impairment (attention deficit, impaired declarative memory, and deficits in social cognition). Dopaminergic hyperactivity seems to explain the positive symptoms, but it does not completely clarify the appearance of negative and cognitive clinical manifestations. Preclinical data have demonstrated that acute and subchronic treatment with NMDA receptor antagonists such as ketamine (KET) represents a useful model that resembles the schizophrenia symptomatology, including cognitive impairment. This latter has been explained as a hypofunction of NMDA receptors located on the GABA parvalbumin-positive interneurons (near to the cortical pyramidal cells), thus generating an imbalance between the inhibitory and excitatory activity in the corticomesolimbic circuits. The use of behavioral models to explore alterations in different domains of memory is vital to learn more about the neurobiological changes that underlie schizophrenia. Thus, to better understand the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in cognitive impairment related to schizophrenia, the purpose of this review is to analyze the most recent findings regarding the effect of KET administration on these processes., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that affects 1% of the world's population. Although various therapeutic tools have been developed since the appearance of the first generation of antipsychotics, the effect of these agents does not manage to attenuate a significant part of psychotic symptoms. Ketamine is an anesthetic agent able to produce psychotic-like symptoms through the antagonism of the glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs). This drug has been widely used to study new pharmacological tools with potential antipsychotic properties. On the contrary, it is known that the 5-HT6 receptor agonist and antagonist drugs induce procognitive, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in different preclinical models. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the behavioral actions of the 5-HT6 receptors' agonist E-6837 and the antagonist SB-271046, in ICR-CD1 mice previously treated with a subchronic ketamine scheme (10 mg/kg i.p. daily for 5 days). Results showed that repeated administration of ketamine induced recognition memory deficit, anxiogenic effects, obsessive-compulsive behaviors and stereotyped movements. The acute administration of both 5-HT6 agents reversed the memory deficit and induced a decrease in anxiety, whereas SB-271046 administration produced a decrease in climbing behavior. The injection of either of these 5-HT6 drugs had no effect in the light-dark test. Surprisingly, when these drugs were injected together with ketamine, anxiogenic actions were produced. Current findings suggest that both agonist and antagonist 5-HT6 drugs play an important role in modulating psychotic-like symptoms induced by the subchronic blockade of NMDAR., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

The focus of this research was to identify what attributes of patient room designs are most beneficial to health care professionals and to explore whether particular professionals hold certain beliefs about patient room attributes. Acute care, progressive care, and intensive care patient room designs were analyzed through the use of pre- and postoccupancy evaluations of a cardiovascular service line. Fourteen focus groups and 1 interview among 74 health care professionals were conducted. Qualitative analysis of the data was guided by a multidimensional framework. A descriptive quantitative assessment was additionally made to reveal positive, negative, or neutral trends and determine the frequency of attributes discussed. The findings revealed outcomes in 4 primary areas: (1) clearance around the bed; (2) visibility; (3) access to the bathroom/bathroom configuration; and (4) access to daylight/views of the exterior. This study identified 8 additional categories. Outcomes illustrate perceptions from a myriad of health care professionals, but the nurses, therapists, and interdisciplinary members of the care team station offered the greatest depth of information. As patient room designs continue to evolve, building on evidence gathered as new or established models are evaluated will become increasingly important., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Ketamine is an anesthetic agent that antagonizes N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, inducing psychotic-like symptoms in healthy humans and animals. This agent has been used as a pharmacological tool for studying biochemical and physiological mechanisms underlying the clinical manifestations of schizophrenia. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated injections of ketamine (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 5 days) on recognition memory and neuronal morphology in ICR-CD1 mice. This treatment induced recognition memory impairment in the novel object recognition test and a decrease in dendritic spines density in both dorsal striatum and CA1-hippocampus. Sholl analysis showed that both ketamine doses decrease the dendritic arborization in ventromedial prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, and CA1-hippocampus. Finally, dendritic spines morphology was modified by both doses; that is, an increase of the filipodia-type spines (10 mg/kg) and a reduction of the mushroom-type spines (5 and 10 mg/kg) was observed in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In the dorsal striatum, the low dose of ketamine induced an increase in long thin spines and a decrease of mushroom spines. Interestingly, in CA1-hippocampus, there was an increase in the mushrooms type spines (5 mg/kg). Current findings suggest that the subchronic blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor changes the neuronal plasticity of several brain regions putatively related to recognition memory impairment.

Objective: This study examined the impact of centralized and decentralized unit designs on an interdisciplinary team's perceptions of efficiency through the use of a preoccupancy and postoccupancy evaluation of a cardiovascular unit., Background: During the premove study, the service line was housed across 4 separate locations, each with a centralized nurses' station. The postmove design was housed on 1 floor with decentralized stations., Methods: For this qualitative study, 14 focus groups and 1 interview were conducted. Analysis of the data was guided by a developed framework for efficiency classified into 7 categories., Results: Outcomes reveal that efficiency was impacted by issues including walking, access to supplies and equipment, proximity to staff, and overall unit configuration and size., Conclusions: Although the design of the decentralized unit positions staff members closer to patients, many feel isolated while the centralized units seemed to better promote staff proximity and access to supplies.

Objective: To examine the association between shift work sleep disorder (SWSD), a primary circadian rhythm disorder characterized by excessive day-time sleepiness associated with shift work, and hypogonadal symptoms in shift workers., Methods: Men presenting to an andrology clinic between July 2014 and June 2017 completed questionnaires assessing shift work schedule, SWSD risk, and hypogonadal symptoms ([quantitative] Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male [qADAM, ADAM]). The impact of nonstandard shift work and SWSD on responses to qADAM and ADAM was assessed using ANOVA and linear regression., Results: About 24.1% (619/2571) of men worked nonstandard shifts. Of those, 196 (31.7%) were considered to have SWSD. Controlling for age, comorbidities, and testosterone (T) levels, nonstandard shift workers had qADAM scores 1.12 points lower than day-time workers (P <.01). Subgroup analysis of nonstandard shift workers showed that those with SWSD had qADAM scores 5.47 points lower than men without SWSD (P <.01). In this same subgroup analysis, SWSD was independently associated with lower T levels (mean decrease 100.4 ng/dL, P <.01) when controlling for age, comorbidities, and prior T supplementation., Conclusion: Nonstandard shift workers with SWSD have even worse hypogonadal symptoms and lower T levels than day-time workers and nonstandard shift workers without SWSD. This suggests that poor sleep habits, as identified by SWSD, may contribute to the more severe hypogonadal symptoms seen in nonstandard shift workers., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Neuroinflammation induced in response to damage caused by status epilepticus (SE) activates the interleukin (IL)1-β pathway and proinflammatory proteins that increase vulnerability to the development of spontaneous seizure activity and/or epilepsy., Objectives: The study aimed to assess the short-term anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Magnolia officinalis (MO) on recurrent SE in immature rats., Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats at PN day 10 were used; n = 60 rats were divided into two control groups, SHAM and KA, and two experimental groups, MO (KA-MO) and Celecoxib (KA-Clbx). The anti-inflammatory effect of a single dose of MO was evaluated at 6 and 24 hr by Western blotting and on day 30 PN via a subchronic administration of MO to assess neuronal preservation and hippocampal gliosis by immunohistochemistry for NeunN and GFAP, respectively., Results: KA-MO caused a decrease in the expression of IL1-β and Cox-2 at 6 and 24 h post-treatment, a reduction in iNOS synthase at 6 and 24 hr post-treatment and reduced neuronal loss and gliosis at postnatal day 30, similar to Clbx., Conclusion: The results indicating that Magnolia officinalis is an alternative preventive treatment for early stages of epileptogenesis are encouraging., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Given the wide use of social media, these platforms have become important channels for understanding health-related information engagement processes. Reddit is a social media platform dedicated to user-generated content and discourse around the world. However, little research exists regarding use of the platform. Guided by the diffusion of innovation theory, the purpose of this study was to analyze Reddit users' behaviors on the platform related to perceptions of information credibility, health information seeking, and behavioral enactment of information found. Data were collected via survey from Reddit users around the world (n = 389). Data suggest that although Reddit use and perceived information credibility are unrelated to acting on the information found on Reddit, users who are specifically seeking health-related information are more likely to enact the information in their lives. Implications from the findings suggest important considerations for communication scholars, media advocates, and health promotion practitioners.

Major depression is one of the most common affective disorders caused by schizophrenia. The administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, can reproduce the negative and affective symptoms of this disorder in animals. Preclinical studies have shown that 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) agonists and antagonists have a considerable antipsychotic response. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an acute treatment with an agonist, E-6837, and an antagonist, SB-271046, of 5-HT6R on the immobility induced in mice by a subchronic ketamine regimen (5 days; 10 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal). Repeated ketamine administration alone increased the immobility time in the forced-swimming test and the tail-suspension test. E-6837 at 10 and 20 mg/kg caused a significant reduction of immobility in the tail-suspension test and forced-swimming test, respectively. Interestingly, SB-271046 (10 mg/kg) also elicited an antidepressant-like effect in both tests. The current findings suggest an important role for these 5-HT6R ligands as mood modulators. However, it is necessary to explore the physiological mechanisms involved in this process in greater detail.

Purpose of Review: This review discusses factors affecting outcomes during ureteroscopy (URS) with laser lithotripsy (LL), explores specific clinical challenges to the efficacy of URS LL, and reviews the available literature comparing the dusting and basketing approaches to URS LL., Recent Findings: Data show high stone-free rates with URS LL in all locations of the urinary tract and with all stone types and sizes. Recent data comparing LL with dusting versus basketing suggest higher rates of residual fragments with dusting but less utilization of ureteral access sheaths and potentially shorter operative times. Differences in postoperative complications, re-intervention rates, and other outcome parameters are not yet clear. Interpretation of published data is problematic due to variability in laser settings, follow-up intervals, and definitions for what constitutes stone-free status. URS has overtaken shock wave lithotripsy in the last decade as the most commonly utilized surgical approach for treating urolithiasis. Two primary strategies have emerged as the most common techniques for performing LL: dusting and basketing. There is a relative paucity of data examining the difference in these techniques as it pertains to peri-operative outcomes and overall success. We attempt to synthesize this data into evidence-based and experience-based recommendations.

Quercetin has been identified as a promising compound with a neuroprotective potential against age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, the clinical application of quercetin is hampered by its low oral bioavailability. The aim of this work was to evaluate the capability of nanoencapsulated quercetin in zein nanoparticles (NPQ), that significantly improves the oral absorption and bioavailability of the flavonoid, as potential oral treatment for AD. For this purpose, SAMP8 mice were orally treated for two months with either NPQ (25mg/kg every 48h) or a solution of quercetin (Q; 25mg/kg daily). NPQ displayed a size of 260nm and a payload of about 70μg/mg. For Q, no significant effects were observed in animals. On the contrary, the oral administration of NPQ improved the cognition and memory impairments characteristics of SAMP8 mice. These observations appeared to be related with a decreased expression of the hippocampal astrocyte marker GFAP. Furthermore, significant levels of quercetin were quantified in the brain of mice treated with nanoparticles. These findings highlight the potential of zein nanoparticles to promote the oral absorption of quercetin as well as the therapeutic potential of this flavonoid in AD pathogenesis., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Some types of schizophrenia have been associated with repetitive movements lacking specific purpose, also known as stereotyped behavior. Dopamine agonists (D2) and noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists (e.g. ketamine) have been administered in rodent models to induce stereotyped behavior that resembles some motor symptoms of schizophrenia. Recently, a relationship has been found between 5-HT6 receptors (5-HT6Rs) and dopaminergic activity. The present study evaluates the effect of ketamine (5 and 10 mg/kg), alone and in combination with the 5-HT6R agonist E-6837, on the climbing behavior of male mice. Ketamine was administered with an acute (1 day) and subchronic (5 day) scheme. Later, these doses and schemes were combined with an acute scheme of E-6837 (5 and 10 mg/kg). With both the acute and the subchronic schemes, ketamine increased climbing behavior at a dose of 10 mg/kg, and this effect was reversed by E-6837 (at 5 and 10 mg/kg). The present results suggest that there is an interaction between N-methyl-D-aspartate and 5-HT6 receptors in the regulation of climbing behavior. Further research is necessary to provide more evidence on this interaction.