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Previous analyses of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) identified four main dietary patterns (DP). The aim of this study was to explore the association between the previously defined DP and renal function (RF). A crosssectional study using the ELSA-Brasil baseline data was carried out. DP (‘‘traditional’’, ‘‘fruits and vegetables’’, ‘‘bakery’’, and ‘‘low sugar/low fat), metabolic syndrome (MS) using the Joint Interim Statement criteria, microalbuminuria (MA), and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) through the CKD-EPI equation were evaluated. Abnormal RF was defined as eGFRo60 mL min–1 (1.73 m2 ) –1 and MAX3.0 mg/dL. Factors associated with RF were determined and mediation analysis was performed to investigate the association between DP, MS, and RF. A total of 15,105 participants were recruited, with a mean age of 52±9 years; 8,134 participants (54%) were females. The mediation analysis identified indirect associations between ‘‘bakery’’ and ‘‘fruits and vegetables’’, and both were associated with decreased eGFR and albuminuria in both genders, compared with ‘‘traditional’’ and ‘‘low sugar/low fat’’ patterns in the general population. There was a direct association of the ‘‘bakery’’ pattern with MA in men (OR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.92–1.48). The ‘‘fruits and vegetables’’ pattern also showed a direct association with reduced eGFR in women (OR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.28–2.12), although there was no significance after adjustment. The ‘‘fruits and vegetables’’ and ‘‘bakery’’ DPs were associated with renal dysfunction. The only independent, direct association was between ‘‘bakery’’ DP and MA in men, raising concerns about DP and renal damage in men.

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-05-05T20:13:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Susan Pereira. 2016.pdf: 172446 bytes, checksum: a10fc88e2fa8bd587430bc9b11de7a0b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-05T20:13:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Susan Pereira. 2016.pdf: 172446 bytes, checksum: a10fc88e2fa8bd587430bc9b11de7a0b (MD5) OBJETIVO: Testar a associação entre diabetes e tuberculose. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo caso-controle, pareado por idade e sexo. Foram incluídos 323 casos novos de tuberculose com resultados positivos à baciloscopia. Os controles foram 323 sintomáticos respiratórios com baciloscopia negativa, oriundos dos mesmos serviços de saúde dos casos: ambulatórios de três hospitais de referência e seis unidades básicas de saúde responsáveis pelas notificações dos casos novos de tuberculose em Salvador, Bahia. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre 2008 e 2010. Os instrumentos utilizados foram entrevista estruturada, incluindo dados clínicos, glicemia capilar (em jejum ou pós-prandial) e o questionário CAGE para triagem de consumo abusivo de álcool. Foi realizada análise descritiva, exploratória e multivariada utilizando-se de regressão logística condicional.RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos casos foi 38,5 (DP = 14,2) anos e dos controles, 38,5 (DP = 14,3) anos. Tanto entre os casos quanto entre os controles, a maioria (61%) dos indivíduos era do sexo masculino. Na análise univariada, houve associação entre ocorrência de diabetes e de tuberculose (OR = 2,37; IC95% 1,04–5,42), que permaneceu estatisticamente significante após ajuste pelos potenciais confundidores (OR = 3,12; IC95% 1,12–7,94). CONCLUSÕES: A associação entre diabetes e tuberculose pode dificultar o controle da tuberculose, contribuindo para manutenção da elevada carga da doença. A situação demanda intensificação da detecção precoce de diabetes entre pessoas com tuberculose, na tentativa de maior efetividade das estratégias de controle da doença. São Paulo

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-08-08T13:02:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Samia Barreto et al. 2017.pdf: 872552 bytes, checksum: 514f102e15c6ff861c7e0d01d513c327 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T13:02:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Samia Barreto et al. 2017.pdf: 872552 bytes, checksum: 514f102e15c6ff861c7e0d01d513c327 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 Introduction: This study compares the clinical and epidemiological features of patients with TB, with and without DM. Methods: New cases of active pulmonary TB that occurred in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil between 2008 and 2010 were included. DM was diagnosed by based on diagnostic criteria established by the American Diabetes Association. Results: Of the 323 cases of TB, 44 (13.6%) were diabetic. Patients with TB and DM were older (44.7%), with a high level of education (34.%); had slow wound healing (23.4%) and fatigue (61.7%). Conclusions: Clinical symptoms differed between patients with TB, with and without DM. Uberaba

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os tempos relacionados ao acesso de homens e mulheres com infarto do miocárdio a hospitais referência em cardiologia e a correlação entre eles. Métodos Pesquisa transversal, com 100 pessoas com infarto entrevistadas em hospitais referência em cardiologia. Dados analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial, adotando-se significância estatística. Resultados Os tempos foram elevados (decisão para atendimento, chegada ao primeiro serviço de saúde, permanência na rede de atenção e admissão em hospitais referência em cardiologia), exceto o de transporte, sobretudo para mulheres. Houve maior contribuição do tempo de decisão na composição do tempo de chegada ao primeiro serviço de saúde e do tempo de permanência na rede na composição do tempo de chegada aos hospitais referência em cardiologia. Conclusão A longa espera por atenção especializada reflete a falta de estrutura dos serviços de saúde, e o tempo de decisão elevado reflete a falta do não reconhecimento do infarto pelos participantes. Abstract Objective To analyze the access times of men and women who are having a myocardial infarction to referral hospitals in cardiology and the correlation between them. Methods Cross-sectional research, involving 100 victims of a myocardial infarction who were interviewed at referral hospitals in cardiology. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used with statistical significance. Results The access times were long (decision to seek care, arrival to first health service, time in care network and admission to referral hospitals in cardiology), except for the transportation time, mainly for women. The decision time contributed more to the time it took to arrive at the first health service and the time in the care network contributed more to the time to arrive at the referral hospitals in cardiology. Conclusion The long time waiting for specialized care reflects the lack of structure of the health services and the long decision time reflects the participants’ lack of recognition of the myocardial infarction.

Objective: This study assessed the validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire used to assess food intake in adolescents in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Seventy adolescents enrolled in public schools aged 11 to 17 years participated in this study. The dietary intake of the adolescents was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and the mean value of three-day food record, used as the reference method. The mean (and standard deviation) energy and nutrient intakes estimated from the Food Frequency Questionnaire and food records were calculated. The paired Student's t test was used to determine differences between the data. Results: Pearson's correlation coefficient and Kappa statistics were used to measure the strength of the association between the two instruments. There was variation in the crude unadjusted (r=0.61-0.73) and deattenuated (r=0.33-0.99) Pearson correlation coefficients. After adjusting for energy, the crude and deattenuated coefficients ranged from r=0.53-0.81 and r=0.27-0.99, respectively. The intake of energy and most nutrients were found to be adequate, except for fiber (r=0.27) and calcium (r=0.33), which showed a weak correlation. Kappa statistics showed good correlation between all values varying from r=0.47 to 0.73. Conclusion: It is considered that an average r value greater than 0.40 indicates a good correlation, the results obtained indicate the good ability of the Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess individuals according to their usual intake of most nutrients. Objetivo: Verificar a validade do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar utilizado para avaliar o consumo de alimentos dos adolescentes em Salvador, Bahia. Métodos : Participaram do estudo 70 adolescentes, com idade entre 11 e 17 anos, matriculados nas escolas da rede pública. Seu consumo alimentar foi avaliado pelo Questionário de Frequência Alimentar e pela média de três registros alimentares como método de referência. Foram estimadas as médias (desvio-padrão) da energia e dos nutrientes extraídos do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar e dos registros alimentares. Para verificar as diferenças foi aplicado o teste t Student pareado. Para medir a concordância entre os dois instrumentos foram calculados os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson e estatística de Kappa. Resultados: A análise dos coeficientes de correlação de Pearson não ajustados brutos, foi possível observar uma variação entre (r=0,61-0,73), já nos deatenuados entre (r=0,33-0,99). Após ajustados por energia os valores brutos variaram entre (r=0,53-0,81) e os deatenuados (r=0,27-0,99), observou-se valores adequados para energia e a maioria dos nutrientes, com exceção da fibra (r=0,27) e do cálcio (r=0,33), que apresentaram fraca correlação. No método de Kappa, todos os valores obtidos na análise apresentaram boa correlação, variando entre (r=0,470,73). Conclusão: Considera-se que a média dos coeficientes para boa correlação deve estar acima de 0,40, esses resultados indicam a capacidade do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar em classificar os indivíduos segundo seu consumo habitual para a maioria dos nutrientes.

Objetivo: Proteína C-Reativa (PCR) é um marcador de inflamação presente no plasma cujos níveis podem se elevar devido a um processo inflamatório, ocasionando um maior risco a eventos cardiovasculares, como o Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio. A doença periodontal promove uma resposta imuno-inflamatória do hospedeiro, contribuindo com níveis mais elevados de PCR, esclarecendo sua associação com a doença cardiovascular. Objetivou-se neste estudo verificar o efeito da terapia periodontal nos níveis desse marcador inflamatório. Metodologia: A amostra constou de 62 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária entre 30 e 60 anos, encaminhados para tratamento odontológico na Fundação Bahiana para Desenvolvimento das Ciências, e distribuídos entre dois grupos: com e sem periodontite. Os descritores clínicos empregados consistiram de Índice de Sangramento, Recessão Gengival, Profundidade de Sondagem e Nível de Inserção Clínica. Para a análise da PCR foi coletado sangue periférico dos indivíduos e encaminhados a um mesmo laboratório de análises clínicas. Resultados: O grupo com periodontite foi tratado e os resultados mostraram que houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os níveis de PCR antes e após o tratamento periodontal (P

RESUMO: Objetivo: Esta pesquisa objetivou conhecer a associação entre fatores como: idade, sexo, cor da pele, ocupação, nível de escolaridade, situação conjugal, local de residência, tabagismo, etilismo e o câncer de boca em indivíduos de uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil entre 2002 e 2012. Métodos: Este estudo é do tipo caso-controle. O grupo caso foi formado por 127 pessoas atendidas no Centro de Referência de Lesões Bucais com diagnóstico histopatológico de carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) de boca. O grupo controle foi composto por 254 indivíduos desse mesmo centro. Consideraram-se dois controles para cada caso. Casos e controles foram ajustados por sexo e idade. Foram realizadas as análises univariada e bivariada (teste do χ2 de Pearson) para verificar a associação entre a variável dependente (câncer de boca) e as variáveis independentes; foram calculados a odds ratio (OR) e o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Por fim, na análise multivariada, foi utilizado o modelo hierarquizado com regressão logística para avaliar as inter-relações entre as variáveis independentes e o câncer de boca. Resultados: O consumo de mais de 20 cigarros por dia [OR = 6,64; IC95% 2,07 - 21,32; p ≤ 0,001], a alta ingestão de bebida alcoólica [OR = 3,25; IC95% 1,03 - 10,22; p ≤ 0,044] e o consumo sinérgico de tabaco e álcool [OR = 9,65; IC95% 1,57 - 59,08; p ≤ 0,014] são os fatores de risco mais importantes para o câncer bucal. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que tabagismo e etilismo são os fatores mais importantes para o desenvolvimento do câncer bucal. Fatores sociodemográficos não apresentaram associação com essa neoplasia após ajuste para tabagismo e etilismo. ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed at assessing the association between factors such as age, sex, skin color, occupation, educational level, marital status, place of residence, and tobacco and alcohol consumptions and oral cancer in individuals in a city in the northeast of Brazil between 2002 and 2012. Methods: This is a case-control study. The case group consisted of 127 people attended at the Oral Injury Reference Center with histopathological diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The control group consisted of 254 individuals treated at the same center. The study considered two controls for each case. The cases and controls were adjusted according to sex and age. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed (Pearson χ2-test) to verify the correlation between the dependent variable (oral cancer) and the independent variables; odds ratio (OR) and the confidence interval of 95% (95%CI) were calculated. Finally, in the multivariate analysis, it was used as the hierarchical model with logistic regression to explain the interrelationships between the independent variables and oral cancer. Results: Consumption of more than 20 cigarettes per day [OR = 6.64; 95%CI 2.07 - 21.32; p ≤ 0.001], an excessive alcohol consumption [OR = 3.25; 95%CI 1.03 - 10.22; p ≤ 0.044], and the synergistic consumption of tobacco and alcohol [OR = 9.65; 95%CI 1.57 - 59.08; p ≤ 0.014] are the most important risk factors for oral cancer. Conclusion: It was concluded that tobacco and alcohol consumptions are the most important factors for the development of oral cancer. Sociodemographic factors were not associated with this neoplasm after adjusting for smoking and drinking.

The prevalence of asthma is high in urban areas of many Latin-American countries where societies show high levels of inequality and different levels of development. This study aimed to examine the relationship between asthma symptoms prevalence in adolescents living in Latin American urban centers and socioeconomic and environmental determinants measured at the ecological level. Asthma prevalence symptoms were obtained from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase III. A hierarchical conceptual framework was defined and the explanatory variables were organized in three levels: distal, intermediate, proximal. Linear regression models weighed by sample size were undertaken between asthma prevalence and the selected variables. Asthma prevalence was positively associated with Gini index, water supply and homicide rate, and inversely associated with the Human Development Index, crowding and adequate sanitation. This study provides evidence of the potential influence of poverty and social inequalities on current wheezing in adolescents in a complex social context like Latin America. Resumo A prevalência da asma é alta nas áreas urbanas da América Latina, onde as sociedades exibem altos níveis de desigualdade e diferente grau de desenvolvimento. O objetivo é examinar a relação entre a prevalência de sintomas asmáticos em adolescentes de centros urbanos da América Latina e determinantes socioeconômicos e ambientais medidos no nível ecológico. A prevalência de sintomas asmáticos foi obtida do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), fase III. Foi definido um modelo conceitual hierárquico. As variáveis explicativas foram organizadas em três níveis: distal, intermediário, proximal. Ajustaram-se modelos de regressão lineal ponderados pelo tamanho amostral entre prevalência de sintomas asmáticos e variáveis selecionadas. A prevalência da asma foi associada positivamente com índice de Gini, índice de desenvolvimento humano, subministro de água potável, e inversamente com aglomeração e saneamento. Em conclusão, este estudo ecológico fornece evidência da influência da pobreza e da desigualdade social sobre os sintomas asmáticos em adolescentes em um contexto social complexo como o da América Latina. Resumen La prevalencia de asma es alta en áreas urbanas de América Latina, cuyas sociedades exhiben altos niveles de desigualdad y diferente grado de desarrollo. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar la relación entre la prevalencia de síntomas asmáticos en adolescentes de centros urbanos de América Latina y determinantes socioeconómicos y ambientales medidos a nivel ecológico. La prevalencia de síntomas asmáticos se obtuvo del International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) fase III. Se definió un modelo conceptual jerárquico. Las variables explicativas se organizaron en tres niveles: distal, intermedio, proximal. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión lineal ponderados por el tamaño de la muestra entre la prevalencia de síntomas asmáticos y las variables seleccionadas. La prevalencia de asma fue asociada positivamente con el índice de Gini, Índice de Desarrollo Humano y suministro de agua, e inversamente con hacinamiento y saneamiento ambiental. En conclusión, este estudio proporciona evidencias de la influencia de la pobreza y de la desigualdad social sobre los síntomas asmáticos en adolescentes en un contexto social complejo como el de América Latina.

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-03T19:53:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Art Per Estrang Ichiara Maria. 2015.pdf: 361459 bytes, checksum: 8b82cfcb9d802616c42267a2bffbc2b2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-03T19:53:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Art Per Estrang Ichiara Maria. 2015.pdf: 361459 bytes, checksum: 8b82cfcb9d802616c42267a2bffbc2b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07 Background: Rotavirus has been the leading cause of severe cases of acute diarrhoea (AD) among children world wide, however, in the same areas, a large reduction in AD related to rotavirus has been observed after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine. In Brazil, where there is a high rotavirus vaccine coverage, AD caused by pathogens other than rotavirus is still a frequent cause of outpatient visits and hospitalizations among children under 5 years. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study enrolled children aged 4 to 24 months admitted to 10 hospitals from all five Brazilian Regions. Cases (n¼ 1178) were children admitted with diarrhoea who tested negative for rotavirus in a stool sample. Controls (n¼ 2515) were children admitted without diarrhoea, frequency matched to cases bysex and age group. We estimated odds ratios using logistic regression, in a hierarchical approach according to a previously defined conceptual framework. Population-attributable fractions (PAF) were estimated for each variable, each block and for all significant variables in the latter model adjusted. Results: The factors studied accounted for 41% of the non-rotavirus AD hospital admissions and the main risk factors included lack of adequate excreta disposal (PAF ¼12%), untreated drinking water (PAF ¼11%) and a history of previous hospitalization due to AD (PAF ¼ 21%). Low socio-economic conditions, no public water supply,crowding and low weight-for-age made smaller contributions. Conclusions: These findings further our knowledge of risk factors associated with severe AD in the post-rotavirus vaccination era. We recommend further increase in coverage of basic sanitation, improvements in water quality and furtherexpansion of primary healthcare coverage to reduce the occurrence of non-rotavirus severe diarrhoea and subsequent hospitalization of Brazilian children. Oxford

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-06-10T12:27:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ichihara Maria. 2014.pdf: 943593 bytes, checksum: 50722386eaef7a002039efa2fa575c8f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-10T12:27:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ichihara Maria. 2014.pdf: 943593 bytes, checksum: 50722386eaef7a002039efa2fa575c8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05 Rotavirus is one of the leading cause of hospitalization and outpatients visits among children under five years. This study evaluated overall and genotype-specific vaccine effectiveness of oral monovalent rotavirus vaccine (G1P[8] strain) in preventing hospital admission of Brazilian children with rotavirus acute diarrhea. A hospital based case–control study was conducted in five Regions of Brazil using the National Rotavirus Acute Diarrhea Surveillance System from July 2008 to August 2011. A total of 215 cases (aged 4–24 months) admitted with confirmed rotavirus diarrhea were recruited and 1961 controls hospitalized without diarrhea were frequency matched by sex and age group to cases. Two-dose adjusted vaccine effectiveness (adjusted by year of birth and the frequency matching variables)was 76% (95%CI: 58–86) lasting for two years. Effectiveness controlled by the available potential confounders was 72% (95%CI: 44–85), suggesting no appreciable confounding by those factors for which adjustment was made. In a half of the cases the rotavirus genotype was G2P[4] and in 15% G1P[8]. Genotype-specific VE (two doses) was 89% (95%CI: 78–95), for G1P[8] and 76% (95%CI: 64–84) for G2P[4]. For all G1, it was 74% (95%CI: 35–90), for all G2, 76% (95%CI: 63–84), and for all non G1/G2 genotypes, 63% (95%CI:−27–99). Effectiveness for one dose was 62% (95%CI: 39–97). Effectiveness of two-dose monovalent rotavirus vaccine in preventing hospital admission with rotavirus diarrhea was high, lasted for two years and it was similar against both G1P[8] and G2P[4]. Based on the findings of the study we recommend the continued use of rotavirus in the Brazilian National Immunization Program and the monitoring of the early emergence of unusual and novel rotavirus genotypes. Kidlington

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-06-15T15:07:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Barreto ML. 2014 et al.pdf: 659151 bytes, checksum: bcde5b86cd78d218e638164c0c4fd051 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-15T15:07:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barreto ML. 2014 et al.pdf: 659151 bytes, checksum: bcde5b86cd78d218e638164c0c4fd051 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 Asthma is an important public health problem in urban Latin America. This study aimed to analyze the role of socioeconomic and environmental factors as potential determinants of asthma symptoms prevalence in children from Latin American (LA) urban centers. We selected 31 LA urban centers with complete data, and an ecological analysis was performed. According to our theoretical framework, the explanatory variables were classified in three levels: distal, intermediate, and proximate. The association between variables in the three levels and prevalence of asthma symptoms was examined by bivariate and multivariate linear regression analysis weighed by sample size. In a second stage, we fitted several linear regression models introducing sequentially the variables according to the predefined hierarchy. In the final hierarchical model Gini Index, crowding, sanitation, variation in infant mortality rates and homicide rates, explained great part of the variance in asthma prevalence between centers (R(2) = 75.0 %). We found a strong association between socioeconomic and environmental variables and prevalence of asthma symptoms in LA urban children, and according to our hierarchical framework and the results found we suggest that social inequalities (measured by the Gini Index) is a central determinant to explain high prevalence of asthma in LA. New York

Texto completo. Acesso restrito. p. 57–64 Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-10-16T18:43:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1111.pdf: 183467 bytes, checksum: f3ac5186bb3a7ffd4b5164269fba2a80 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barroso (pbarroso@ufba.br) on 2013-10-30T18:12:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1111.pdf: 183467 bytes, checksum: f3ac5186bb3a7ffd4b5164269fba2a80 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-30T18:12:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1111.pdf: 183467 bytes, checksum: f3ac5186bb3a7ffd4b5164269fba2a80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 Background In the past 15 years, Brazil has undergone notable social and public health changes, including a large reduction in child mortality. The Bolsa Familia Programme (BFP) is a widespread conditional cash transfer programme, launched in 2003, which transfers cash to poor households (maximum income US$70 per person a month) when they comply with conditions related to health and education. Transfers range from $18 to $175 per month, depending on the income and composition of the family. We aimed to assess the effect of the BFP on deaths of children younger than 5 years (under-5), overall and resulting from specific causes associated with poverty: malnutrition, diarrhoea, and lower respiratory infections. Methods The study had a mixed ecological design. It covered the period from 2004–09 and included 2853 (of 5565) municipalities with death and livebirth statistics of adequate quality. We used government sources to calculate all-cause under-5 mortality rates and under-5 mortality rates for selected causes. BFP coverage was classified as low (0·0–17·1%), intermediate (17·2–32·0%), high (>32·0%), or consolidated (>32·0% and target population coverage ≥100% for at least 4 years). We did multivariable regression analyses of panel data with fixed-effects negative binomial models, adjusted for relevant social and economic covariates, and for the effect of the largest primary health-care scheme in the country (Family Health Programme). Findings Under-5 mortality rate, overall and resulting from poverty-related causes, decreased as BFP coverage increased. The rate ratios (RR) for the effect of the BFP on overall under-5 mortality rate were 0·94 (95% CI 0·92–0·96) for intermediate coverage, 0·88 (0·85–0·91) for high coverage, and 0·83 (0·79–0·88) for consolidated coverage. The effect of consolidated BFP coverage was highest on under-5 mortality resulting from malnutrition (RR 0·35; 95% CI 0·24–0·50) and diarrhoea (0·47; 0·37–0·61). Interpretation A conditional cash transfer programme can greatly contribute to a decrease in childhood mortality overall, and in particular for deaths attributable to poverty-related causes such as malnutrition and diarrhoea, in a large middle-income country such as Brazil. Funding National Institutes of Science and Technology Programme, Ministry of Science and Technology, and Council for Scientific and Technological Development Programme (CNPq), Brazil. Salvador

p. 1248-1257 Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2014-04-10T13:39:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 0104-1169-rlae-0104-1169-3178-2361.pdf: 555684 bytes, checksum: fa66dd93b0b281d9518dd6067fcd6294 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles (rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2014-09-09T14:46:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 0104-1169-rlae-0104-1169-3178-2361.pdf: 555684 bytes, checksum: fa66dd93b0b281d9518dd6067fcd6294 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-09T14:46:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 0104-1169-rlae-0104-1169-3178-2361.pdf: 555684 bytes, checksum: fa66dd93b0b281d9518dd6067fcd6294 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 OBJETIVO: analisar a interação do sexo na associação entre o tempo de decisão para a procura de serviço de saúde e as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. MÉTODO: estudo exploratório, transversal, com 100 indivíduos entrevistados em hospitais de Salvador, BA. Na análise, empregou-se o teste qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher e o modelo de regressão linear robusto. A significância estatística adotada foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Resultados: homens e mulheres apresentaram tempos de decisão elevados. Houve menor tempo de decisão para tabagistas, com dor constante e de forte intensidade. Houve interação entre sexo e tabagismo e entre sexo e dor irradiada para o pescoço ou a mandíbula para o desfecho tempo de decisão. CONCLUSÃO: os tempos de decisão foram elevados e sofreram influência de variáveis clínicas e do sexo. O estudo oferece subsídios para práticas de cuidar em enfermagem, focalizadas na especificidade desses fatores e dos gêneros, visando-se obter êxito na redução do tempo de decisão.

Texto completo: acesso restrito. p. 40–48 Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2015-01-06T11:10:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Isaac S. Gomes Filho.pdf: 196500 bytes, checksum: 774e7e7ac810cfe0b40e379a1b58c954 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-06T11:10:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isaac S. Gomes Filho.pdf: 196500 bytes, checksum: 774e7e7ac810cfe0b40e379a1b58c954 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 Objective: This intervention study aimed to investigate the effect of osteoporosis on periodontal condition among 48 post-menopausal women undergoing periodontal therapy. Material and methods: The experimental group, which underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy, was composed of 16 women with periodontitis to be treated, and the control group was formed by 32 women without periodontitis. Oral condition was assessed on three occasions: at the start of the treatment (first examination), 1 month (first re-examination) and 4 months after the end of the therapy (second re-examination). In the second re-examination, recurrence of periodontal disease was evaluated by comparing the clinical measurements obtained pre- and post-treatment. The diagnosis of osteoporosis was made by investigating densitometry reports obtained previously. Descriptive analysis, analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test were applied to the data gathered, with statistical significance level of 5%. Results: The frequency of periodontitis was 50% in the treated group and 25% in the group without periodontitis. In both groups, this recurrence was greater in subjects with osteoporosis (37.5 and 18.75%, respectively) than in the individuals without osteoporosis (12.5 and 6.25%, respectively). Conclusions: The preliminary results indicate that osteoporosis possibly has an influence on periodontal condition among individuals undergoing non-surgical periodontal treatment.

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-11-03T06:50:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Trends hospitalization Per Nac 2012.pdf: 91474 bytes, checksum: 520ce892dfe9fbc69d22bfcdb5676715 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-03T06:50:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trends hospitalization Per Nac 2012.pdf: 91474 bytes, checksum: 520ce892dfe9fbc69d22bfcdb5676715 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05 Respiratory diseases are the leading cause of hospitalizations in Brazil (excluding hospital admissions related to childbirth, pregnancy, and postpartum). To analyze the trend and seasonality of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, 1998-2009, a time trend study was performed using simple linear regression. Hospitalization rates for all respiratory diseases and specifically for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia were calculated by year and age group. Hospitalizations for all respiratory diseases decreased by 45.6% (β = -2.2; p < 0.001); those due to asthma showed the largest decline (annual average 1.2/10,000), pneumonia showed the largest reduction until 2002, subsequently tending to stabilize, and COPD remained unchanged. The under-5-year age group showed the largest decline in hospitalizations for all respiratory diseases. There was no seasonality in hospitalizations for COPD. There was a reduction in the burden of hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases in Salvador, mainly due to the drop in asthma and pneumonia in children < 5 years. However, the city still has hospitalization rates for respiratory diseases that are higher than in other large Brazilian cities.The under-5-year age group showed the largest decline in hospitalizations for all respiratory diseases. There was no seasonality in hospitalizations for COPD. There was a reduction in the burden of hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases in Salvador, mainly due to the drop in asthma and pneumonia in children < 5 years. However, the city still has hospitalization rates for respiratory diseases that are higher than in other large Brazilian cities. Rio de Janeiro

p. 1363-1371 Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2014-04-29T13:51:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Antonio de Souza Teles Santos.pdf: 540191 bytes, checksum: b04af3eba9d309200153d26285ed61d0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-29T13:51:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Antonio de Souza Teles Santos.pdf: 540191 bytes, checksum: b04af3eba9d309200153d26285ed61d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 Analyze cognitive and emotional variables between genders in terms of the decision time (DT) to seek care when experiencing symptoms of myocardial infarction. One hundred adults were interviewed at two hospitals in Salvador-BA. The analysis used percentage means, the chi-square test, and a robust linear regression model. Most participants were male, with a mean age of 58.78 years and a low socioeconomic status. The geometrical mean of the sample was 1.1h (0.9h for men, and 1.4h for women). A shorter decision time was found for those who considered their symptoms to be severe, and a longer decision time for those who expected symptoms to improve and took something to feel better, with statistically significant associations. An interaction was observed between gender and the following variables: waiting for symptoms to improve (p=0.014), concealing symptoms (p=0.016) and asking for help (p=0.050), thus an association was observed between the variables of interest and DT. The decision times were long and were affected by cognitive, emotional and gender variables. Nursing care may promote early assistance.

p. 1114-1119 Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2014-08-05T14:39:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S. M. A. Matos.pdf: 113940 bytes, checksum: fe173c29882e6f785bb1f2267ada043e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-05T14:39:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S. M. A. Matos.pdf: 113940 bytes, checksum: fe173c29882e6f785bb1f2267ada043e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 Objective: To assess the validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) by applying it to children and adolescents living in Salvador, Bahia Methods: The validity of this FFQ with 98 food items was investigated among 108 children and adolescents who were selected from a sample of 1445 that had been planned for a study on the risk factors for asthma and other allergic diseases. The adults responsible for these children and adolescents gave responses for a 24-hour recall (R24h) and an FFQ. The average energy and nutrient values from the FFQ were compared with those from the R24h by means of the paired t test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The concordance was evaluated using the Bland-Altman method and kappa statistics. Results: The energy and nutrient intake estimated using the FFQ was significantly higher than what was obtained using the R24h. The correlation coefficients adjusted for energy were statistically significant for protein, fat, vitamin C and zinc. The weighted kappa values ranged from 0.06 for vitamin A (p = 0.24) to 0.34 for energy (p < 0.00). The results from the Bland-Altman plots for lipid, protein and zinc showed the most significant validity parameters, and zinc was found to show the best concordance. Conclusion: The results suggest that the FFQ showed satisfactory validity for use in studies involving children and adolescents.

PURPOSE: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of inflammation that is naturally present in the plasma at levels that may rise due to inflammatory processes, associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular events such as acute myocardial infarction. Periodontal disease is responsible for a host immune-inflammatory response, contributing towards clarifying its association with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of periodontal therapy on the levels of this inflammatory marker. METHODS: The sample consisted of 62 patients of both genders, between the ages of 30 to 60 years, who were referred to dental treatment at the Bahia Foundation for the Development of Sciences, and they were divided into two groups: with and without periodontitis. The clinical descriptors used were the bleeding index, gingival recession, probing depth and clinical attachment level. For CRP analysis, peripheral blood was collected from these individuals and sent to a single clinical analysis laboratory. RESULTS: The group with periodontitis was treated and the results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the CRP levels before and after periodontal treatment (P

p.2251-2262 Submitted by Rigaud Andréa (andrearigaud16@yahoo.com.br) on 2011-08-30T17:51:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 repos2010.6.pdf: 243023 bytes, checksum: 98333b427337cc113309ce2af6cc4729 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2011-08-30T17:51:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 repos2010.6.pdf: 243023 bytes, checksum: 98333b427337cc113309ce2af6cc4729 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12 Structural equation modeling (SEM) is an important statistical tool for evaluating complex relations in several research areas. In epidemiology, the use and discussion of SEM have been limited thus far. This article presents basic principles and concepts in SEM, including an application using epidemiological data analysis from a study on the determinants of cognitive development in young children, considering constructs related to organization of the child’s home environment, parenting style, and the child’s health status. The relations between the constructs and cognitive development were measured. The results showed a positive association between psychosocial stimulus at home and cognitive development in young children. The article presents the contributions by SEM to epidemiology, highlighting the need for an a priori theoretical model for improving the study of epidemiological questions from a new perspective. Rio de Janeiro

p.1-7 Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-09-09T18:20:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 journal.pntd.0000588.pdf: 172507 bytes, checksum: e6b536f5140b2b1d0b758e8e1969fc6c (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barroso(pbarroso@ufba.br) on 2013-09-09T20:31:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 journal.pntd.0000588.pdf: 172507 bytes, checksum: e6b536f5140b2b1d0b758e8e1969fc6c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-09T20:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 journal.pntd.0000588.pdf: 172507 bytes, checksum: e6b536f5140b2b1d0b758e8e1969fc6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 Objective: In the city of Salvador, a large urban centre in Northeast Brazil, a city-wide sanitation intervention started in 1997, aimed at improving the sewerage coverage of households from 26% to 80%. Our aim was to study the impact of the intervention on the prevalence and incidence of geohelminths in the school-aged population. Methods: The study comprised two comparable cohorts: the first assembled in 1997, before the intervention, and the second assembled in 2003, after the intervention. Both were sampled from 24 sentinel areas chosen to represent the different environmental conditions throughout the city. Copro-parasitological examinations were carried out on every individual from both cohorts, at baseline and nine months later. Demographic, socio-economic, and environmental data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and environmental surveys. A hierarchical modelling approach fitting a sequence of Poisson multivariate linear models was undertaken to test the effect of the intervention variables on the prevalence and incidence rate ratios. Findings: 729 and 890 children aged 7–14 years (mean = 10.4 y, SD = 0.05 y) were analysed over the first and the second cohorts, respectively. The adjusted reductions of the prevalence and incidence rates at the second in relation to the first cohort were 27% and 34%, 25% and 32%, 33% and 26%, and 82% and 42% for geohelminths overall, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm, respectively. Hierarchical modelling showed that a major part of each of these reductions was explained by the intervention. Conclusion: Our results show that a city-wide sanitation program may reduce significantly the prevalence and incidence of geohelminths.

Trabalho completo: acesso restrito, p. 57–64 Submitted by Bruna Lessa (lessbruna@gmail.com) on 2012-06-01T18:46:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 (47)j.1442-200X.2009.02888.x.pdf: 93247 bytes, checksum: eae034afeb1eea4755b2b8c361cb8ef9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-01T18:46:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 (47)j.1442-200X.2009.02888.x.pdf: 93247 bytes, checksum: eae034afeb1eea4755b2b8c361cb8ef9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 Background: Over the past decade, strong evidence for an association between maternal periodontitis and low birthweight has started to appear. However, few intervention studies have been proposed for investigating this hypothesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether periodontal therapy among pregnant women would reduce the incidence of low birthweight. Methods: A nonrandomized intervention study was performed, with two control groups. The sample comprised 339 pregnant women: 141 in the experimental group (treated for periodontitis), 145 in control group 1 (without periodontitis) and 53 in control group 2 (with untreated periodontitis). The experimental group received periodontal treatment throughout pregnancy, whereas control group 1 was only monitored over the same period. After delivery, birthweight information on the newborns was obtained. The analysis procedures consisted of stratified analysis followed by logistic regression. Results: The frequency of low birthweight among the women with treated periodontitis was 9.22%, while it was 13.10% in the group without periodontal disease. However, the difference was not statistically significant (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.36–1.45). The occurrence of this outcome in the group with untreated periodontitis (24.53%) was greater than in the other two groups. Conclusion: This suggests that periodontal therapy is a protective factor for birthweight.

Trabalho completo: acesso restrito, p. 527–533 Submitted by Bruna Lessa (lessbruna@gmail.com) on 2012-06-13T20:02:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 (67)j.1600-0528.2009.00492.x.pdf: 81275 bytes, checksum: 32120d8f09a8d17e3b3052a812ef099d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-13T20:02:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 (67)j.1600-0528.2009.00492.x.pdf: 81275 bytes, checksum: 32120d8f09a8d17e3b3052a812ef099d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12 Starting in the 1990s, several authors sought to investigate the hypothesis that periodontitis during pregnancy may contribute towards the birth of low-weight children. However, this relationship is still not well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this oral infection is associated with this gestational event. Methods: This was a case-control study among 548 puerperae, of whom 164 were the mothers of low-weight live births (case group) and 384 were the mothers of live births of normal gestational weight (control group). They were selected at two public hospital units in two municipalities in the State of Bahia. From interviews and data gathered using live birth cards or birth certificates, information was obtained regarding age, height, previous diseases, marital status, socioeconomic situation, smoking and alcohol use. Mothers who presented at least four teeth on which one or more sites had a probing depth of greater than or equal to 4 mm, clinical attachment loss of greater than or equal to 3 mm and bleeding on probing, at the same site, were deemed to present periodontal disease. The data were analysed by stratification from logistic regression. Results: Periodontal disease was diagnosed in 42.7% of the case group and 30% of the control group. A statistically significant association was found between periodontal disease and low birth weight (unadjusted OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.19–2.54), particularly among mothers with low schooling levels (adjusted OR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.14–4.6). Conclusion: The findings suggest an association between periodontal disease and low birth weight among mothers with low education levels.

Texto completo: acesso restrito. p. 380-387 Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-10-11T14:04:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 j.1600-051X.2009.01387.x.pdf: 158976 bytes, checksum: 9c064d93deb2d41d096860deea46907a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-11T14:04:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 j.1600-051X.2009.01387.x.pdf: 158976 bytes, checksum: 9c064d93deb2d41d096860deea46907a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 Aim: To evaluate the possible association between periodontitis and nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Material and Methods: A case–control study was conducted at a General Hospital in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. The sample consisted of 103 individuals: 22 cases (presence of nosocomial LRTI) and 81 controls (absence of nosocomial LRTI). The diagnosis of periodontitis was based on probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing. The diagnosis of nosocomial LRTI was made in accordance with established medical criteria. Results: Invasive ventilation was much more frequent in cases (95.5%) than in controls (7.4%). An orotracheal tube was used in 81.8% of cases and in 7.4% of controls; bronchoaspiration was suspected in 81.8% of cases and in 6.2% of controls. There was no statistically significant difference in any of the clinical periodontal parameters between cases and controls. The crude odds ratio (OR) value for individuals with periodontitis having LRTI was not statistically significant [ORcrude=1.70; 95% confidence interval:(0.60–4.87)]. After including age, smoking and duration of hospitalization in the logistic regression, the adjusted OR for individuals with periodontitis having LRTI was statistically significant [ORadjusted=3.67 (1.01–13.53); p=0.049]. Conclusions: A marginal association between periodontitis and LRTI was found when smoking, age and length of hospitalization were included as covariates. Patients with LRTI had a high frequency of suspected bronchoaspiration and this could explain the possible association of periodontal disease and LRTI found in this and other studies. Additional studies are needed to further clarify the possible relationship between periodontal disease and LRTI.

p. 1-10 Submitted by JURANDI DE SOUZA SILVA (jssufba@hotmail.com) on 2012-05-24T12:58:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 C__Documents and Settings_rep...t.default_Cache_9_6C_C324Bd01.pdf: 221014 bytes, checksum: 8ba8e2e7cacdcee671615b8ec3e84504 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-24T12:58:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 C__Documents and Settings_rep...t.default_Cache_9_6C_C324Bd01.pdf: 221014 bytes, checksum: 8ba8e2e7cacdcee671615b8ec3e84504 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 Background: Many epidemiologic studies report the odds ratio as a measure of association for cross-sectional studies with common outcomes. In such cases, the prevalence ratios may not be inferred from the estimated odds ratios. This paper overviews the most commonly used procedures to obtain adjusted prevalence ratios and extends the discussion to the analysis of clustered cross-sectional studies. Methods: Prevalence ratios(PR) were estimated using logistic models with random effects. Their 95% confidence intervals were obtained using delta method and clustered bootstrap. The performance of these approaches was evaluated through simulation studies. Using data from two studies with health-related outcomes in children, we discuss the interpretation of the measures of association and their implications. Results: The results from data analysis highlighted major differences between estimated OR and PR. Results from simulation studies indicate an improved performance of delta method compared to bootstrap when there are small number of clusters.Conclusion: We recommend the use of logistic model with random effects for analysis of clustered data. The choice of method to estimate confidence intervals for PR (delta or bootstrap method) should be based on study design.

p. 1-15 Submitted by Rodrigo Meirelles (rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2011-08-02T20:34:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 per int2008.3.pdf: 363663 bytes, checksum: 93de42c17dee791046aa3e690cfa4cae (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2011-08-02T20:34:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 per int2008.3.pdf: 363663 bytes, checksum: 93de42c17dee791046aa3e690cfa4cae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 Background: There is evidence that poverty, health and nutrition affect children's cognitive development. This study aimed to examine the relative contributions of both proximal and distal risk factors on child cognitive development, by breaking down the possible causal pathways through which poverty affects cognition. Methods: This cohort study collected data on family socioeconomic status, household and neighbourhood environmental conditions, child health and nutritional status, psychosocial stimulation and nursery school attendance. The effect of these on Wechsler Pre-School and Primary Scale of Intelligence scores at five years of age was investigated using a multivariable hierarchical analysis, guided by the proposed conceptual framework. Results: Unfavourable socioeconomic conditions, poorly educated mother, absent father, poor sanitary conditions at home and in the neighbourhood and low birth weight were negatively associated with cognitive performance at five years of age, while strong positive associations were found with high levels of domestic stimulation and nursery school attendance. Conclusion: Children's cognitive development in urban contexts in developing countries could be substantially increased by interventions promoting early psychosocial stimulation and preschool experience, together with efforts to prevent low birth weight and promote adequate nutritional status.

Texto completo: acesso restrito. p. 957-963 Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2014-01-13T13:09:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 j.1600-051X.2007.01141.x.pdf: 102609 bytes, checksum: cf867837b3b599722696616bff3f034e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Flávia Ferreira (flaviaccf@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-02-19T18:55:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 j.1600-051X.2007.01141.x.pdf: 102609 bytes, checksum: cf867837b3b599722696616bff3f034e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-19T18:55:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 j.1600-051X.2007.01141.x.pdf: 102609 bytes, checksum: cf867837b3b599722696616bff3f034e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 Aim: To compare the use of different definitions for exposure measurement in cases of association between periodontal disease (PD) and prematurity and/or low birth weight (PLBW). Material and Methods: A database from a previous case–control study was used to compare four different definitions for periodontitis: at least one site with probing depth geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted4 mm (1); at least one site with clinical attachment loss (CAL)geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted3 mm (2); at least four teeth with one or more sites presenting probing depth geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted4 mm, with CALgeqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted3 mm at the same site (3); and at least four teeth with one or more sites with probing depth geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted4 mm, with CALgeqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted3 mm at the same site and presence of bleeding on probing (4). The PD frequency, diagnostic values and adjusted association measurements were calculated. Results: PD frequency ranged from 33.1% to 94.7%. Odds ratioadjusted varied slightly according to the exposure measurement used. Conclusions: The association between PD and PLBW weight was consistent, except for exposure measurement 1, i.e. using at least one site with CALgeqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted3 mm for periodontitis diagnosis, while the magnitude of this varied according to the definition established.

p.257-262 Submitted by Texeira Ana (atanateixeira@gmail.com) on 2012-10-09T17:59:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Macêdo, Taíze Cassia Nascimento de.pdf: 118676 bytes, checksum: 49e5e799d75fe8d3fee1795fb984204a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-09T17:59:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Macêdo, Taíze Cassia Nascimento de.pdf: 118676 bytes, checksum: 49e5e799d75fe8d3fee1795fb984204a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07 To estimate the prevalence and related aspects of periodontitis in a rural area of the State of Bahia, Brazil, this cross-sectional study was carried out in the village of Matinha dos Pretos, Feira de Santana County, Bahia, among 172 subjects ranging from 20 to 60 years of age. During household visits, a full-mouth periodontal exam was performed on each subject, who also answered a questionnaire about socio-demographic, economic and health-related issues. The factors assessed were plaque index, bleeding on probing index, probing depth, gingival recession or hyperplasia measurements. Clinical attachment loss was also calculated. The multivariate logistic regression method was used to evaluate the relative contribution of these factors to the periodontitis condition. The prevalence of periodontitis was 24.4%. The following factors were all positively associated with the presence of periodontitis: being male (OR = 1.58; 1.00 – 2.53), being 30 years of age or older (OR = 2.80; 1.00 – 7.39), living in a house where there was more than one person per room (OR = 1.53; 0.96 – 2.45), being a cigarette or pipe smoker or ex-smoker (OR = 1.49; 0.92 – 2.39), having a plaque index of over 65% (OR = 2.97; 2.72 – 7.39) and more than four missing teeth (OR = 1.51; 0.82 – 2.78). The authors concluded that socioeconomic and biological factors, especially poor oral hygiene and older age, are positively associated with periodontitis in the rural population of a small village in the county of Feira de Santana, State of Bahia, Brazil. São Paulo

p. 268-277 Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2011-11-25T12:39:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 v5n4a6.pdf: 93683 bytes, checksum: 4f40b4415bc46d37da330105b5bfe41a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2011-11-25T12:39:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 v5n4a6.pdf: 93683 bytes, checksum: 4f40b4415bc46d37da330105b5bfe41a (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a distribuição das distintas modalidades de violência — estrutural, institucional, interpessoal e derivada da delinqüência — nos três grupos de cor mais representativos da sociedade baiana: brancos, mulatos e negros. O estudo compara os níveis de vitimação de indivíduos brancos, negros e mulatos com suas próprias avaliações da eficiência das instituições de controle do crime, procurando identificar como isso se relaciona com a adoção de atitudes e normas autoritárias pelos mesmos sujeitos. Os dados analisados são provenientes do Estudo Multicêntrico sobre Atitudes e Normas Culturais face à Violência (projeto ACTIVA) e compreendem uma amostra de 1 384 pessoas residentes na região metropolitana de Salvador. A investigação foi desenhada como um estudo de corte transversal, com entrevistas realizadas nos domicílios, no período de setembro a dezembro de 1996. A seleção da amostra se processou em três etapas: primeiro foram selecionadas, de modo aleatório, as áreas residenciais, seguindo uma amostragem sistemática dos domicílios em cada área do sorteio; por fim, o sujeito a ser entrevistado foi escolhido, também por sorteio. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado o questionário desenhado para o estudo ACTIVA e testado em estudo piloto. Os resultados indicam uma distribuição desigual da violência estrutural que recai, principalmente, sobre indivíduos de pele negra; o perfil por grupos de cor para a violência interpessoal e institucional revelou-se indistinto. A violência da delinqüência atinge os brancos e os negros na mesma intensidade. O descrédito na eficiência das polícias civil e militar, da justiça e do sistema carcerário é muito alto e é generalizado para os três grupos de cor. Além disso, poucas diferenças foram encontradas entre os grupos com relação a atitudes e normas autoritárias. Com base nos resultados, é possível concluir que existe risco para a manutenção da ordem pública se os altos níveis de descontentamento com as instituições de prevenção e repressão dos crimes persistirem juntamente com a predisposição dos indivíduos para apoiar a utilização da violência como solução para os conflitos.