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Background: Protocols are currently being studied in preventing postoperative complications after exodontia., Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether the application of intra-alveolar honey reduces inflammatory complications after the extraction of mandibular third molars (CRD 42.023.467.041)., Methods: Searches were carried out in six electronic databases. Clinical trials comparing intra-alveolar honey administration with non-intervention or placebo after mandibular third molar extraction were selected to assess their impact on postoperative inflammatory parameters. The Cochrane ROB 2 tool was used to assess the bias risk in included studies, Stata software to conduct a meta-analysis for quantitative synthesis, and the GRADE system to evaluate the certainty of the evidence., Results: This systematic review included 5 studies with 330 participants, and two studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that postoperative pain on the second day [MD: - 1.05; 95% CI - 2 to - 0.1] and fifth day [MD: - 0.97; 95% CI - 1.97 to - 0.03] was lower in the honey group compared to the control group. Total analgesic consumption [MD: - 4.77; 95% CI - 6.73 to - 2.81] was also lower in patients in the intervention group. The descriptive results indicated that honey appears to be beneficial in controlling edema, reducing trismus, and improving healing after extraction of third molars. Alveolar osteitis showed inconclusive results., Conclusions: The use of intra-alveolar honey after extraction of mandibular third molars seem to be associated with pain reduction. For the other outcomes, the results remain uncertain., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A current clinical challenge in cancer is multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by ABC transporters. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) or ABCG2 transporter is one of the most important ABC transporters implicated in MDR and the use of inhibitors is a promising approach to overcome the resistance in cancer. This study aimed to characterize the molecular mechanism of ABCG2 inhibitors identified by a repurposing drug strategy using antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic agents. Lopinavir and ivermectin can be considered as pan-inhibitors of ABC transporters, since both compounds inhibited ABCG2, P-glycoprotein and MRP1. They inhibited ABCG2 activity showing IC 50 values of 25.5 and 23.4 µM, respectively. These drugs were highly cytotoxic and not transported by ABCG2. Additionally, these drugs increased the 5D3 antibody binding and did not affect the mRNA and protein expression levels. Cell-based analysis of the type of inhibition suggested a non-competitive inhibition, which was further corroborated by in silico approaches of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. These results showed an overlap of the lopinavir and ivermectin binding sites on ABCG2, mainly interacting with E446 residue. However, the substrate mitoxantrone occupies a different site, binding to the F436 region, closer to the L554/L555 plug. In conclusion, these results revealed the mechanistic basis of lopinavir and ivermectin interaction with ABCG2. See also the Graphical abstract(Fig. 1)., (Copyright © 2023 Dutra et al.)

Objective: To compare the level of Fear of Death among students of Nursing and Pedagogy courses., Method: A cross-sectional study of a quantitative approach developed with university students from two courses, one around health sciences and the other around human sciences. A random sampling was adopted, calculations based on the principle of power analysis and the 95% confidence interval, and the cutoff point at 100 in relation to the overall score of the Collett-Lester Death Fear Scale for analysis of variables after the application of the Scale., Results: The data present that the related variables of gender, age, presence of children and loss of a loved one, showed an association with greater Fear of Death in both groups, with statistical significance for most dimensions of the EMMCL. The women presented a higher score in the four dimensions of the EMMCL for both groups. A statistically significant strong negative correlation was identified between age and the level of Fear of Death., Conclusion: It is important to create areas in undergraduate courses, whether around health sciences or humanities, enabling a discussion on Thanatology, so that students have some preparation in dealing with issues associated with the greatest Fear of Death and to view it as a natural process and relevant to everyone. Thus, in their professional practice, it will assist to minimize the emotional suffering of patients and family members., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of mandibular third molar positions according to the Pell & Gregory and Winter classifications, and to verify the association between the two classification methods., Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at dental imaging clinic, from January to March 2019. The inclusion criteria were third molars with complete rhizogenesis and the presence of the mandibular second molar. Patients under 16 years were excluded. Digital orthopantomography (panoramic radiography) radiographs of the mandibular third molars were analyzed and observed according to both Pell & Gregory and the Winter classifications, in addition to verifying if they were impacted. Data were submitted to chi-square test., Results: and StatisticsIn total, 1087 teeth were analyzed, and 1055 teeth were included in the study. The teeth were most commonly found to be in the mesioangulated position (41.8%). Higher frequency was observed for position IIB (26.4%). The prevalence of impacted teeth was 79.6%. There was a statistically significant association between the Winter classification and Pell & Gregory classification ( p  < 0.001)., Conclusion: It was concluded that 79.6% of the mandibular third molars were impacted. The most frequent classification of teeth was position IIB, and the mesioangulated position., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2020.)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the interactions between gentamicin and the ethanol extract of the fern Lygodium venustum SW (EELV). The ethanol extract of L. venustum was obtained, the phytocompounds were identified and the EELV was assayed by the checkerboard method with gentamicin against two bacterial strains multiresistant to antibiotics. The antibiotic activity of gentamicin, when associated with the extract, was enhanced in an additive manner against both strains. The results indicated that L. venustum can be a source of secondary metabolites to be used in association with antibiotics as aminoglycosides in the antibiotic chemotherapy against resistant bacteria.

Candidiasis is the most frequent infection by opportunistic fungi such as Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei. Ethanol extract from Eugenia uniflora was assayed, for its antifungal activity, either alone or combined with four selected chemotherapeutic antimicrobial agents, including anphotericin B, mebendazole, nistatin, and metronidazole against these strains. The obtained results indicated that the association of the extract of E. uniflora to metronidazole showed a potential antifungal activity against C. tropicalis. However, no synergistic activity against the other strains was observed, as observed when the extract was associated with the other, not enhancing their antifungal activity.

The search for new therapeutic agents has been a constant for the treatment of diseases such as leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Most drugs used have side effects, justifying the need to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the tested products for candidates to new drugs. In this study, the bioactivity of Lygodium venustum, a cosmopolitan fern of Lygodiaceae, was assessed about their leishmanicidal and trypanocidal potential. The better activity was observed using methanol fraction, with inhibition percentage of 63% and 68% for promastigotes and epimastigotes, respectively, at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. The ethyl acetate and methanol fractions demonstrated a higher cytotoxic potential. This was the first report of leishmanicidal, trypanocidal and cytotoxic activities to L. venustum., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background & Objectives: Several chemical compounds isolated from natural sources have antibacterial activity and some enhance the antibacterial activity of antibiotics reversing the natural resistance of bacteria to certain antibiotics. In this study, the hexane and methanol extract of Cordia verbenaceae were assessed for antibacterial activity alone and combinated with norfloxacin against the Staphylococcus aureus strain SA1199B., Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts was assayed using microdilution assay and the modulatory activity was evaluated using plate diffusion assay., Results: The MIC observed varied between 256 to >1024 μg/ml. However, the antibiotic activity of norfloxacin was enhanced in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of hexane extract of C. verbenaceae (HECV). INTERPRETATIONS & CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that Cordia verbenaceae DC. can be a source of plant derived products with antibiotic modifying activity.

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, being considered a public health problem. An alternative to combat this pathogen is the use of natural products isolated from fruits such as Eugenia uniflora, a plant used by traditional communities as food and medicine due to its antimicrobial and biological activities. Ethanolic extract from E. uniflora was used to evaluate in vitro anti-epimastigote and cytotoxic activity. This is the first record of anti-Trypanosoma activity of E. uniflora, demonstrating that a concentration presenting 50% of activity (EC(50)) was 62.76 μg/mL. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was ≤ 1024 μg/mL. Our results indicate that E. uniflora could be a source of plant-derived natural products with anti-epimastigote activity with low toxicity., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Candidiasis is the most frequent infection by opportunistic fungi, frequently caused by Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei. Mentha arvensis L. is a herbaceous plant that occurs throughout South America and is used as a tea and in the folk medicine. Turnera ulmifolia L. is already known to be of medicinal value. Ethanol extracts from M. arvensis and T. ulmifolia were assayed for antifungal activity against strains of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei. No clinically relevant antifungal activity was demonstrated by the extracts; however, a potentiation effect was observed when the extracts were applied with metronidazole against C. tropicalis. M. arvensis and T. ulmifolia could represent a source of natural products with modifying antifungal activity.

Context: Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a public health problem. Currently, chemotherapy is the only available treatment for this disease, and the drugs used, nifurtimox and benzonidazol, present high toxicity levels. An alternative for replacing these drugs are natural extracts from Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) used in traditional medicine because of their antimicrobial and biological activities., Objective: In this study, we evaluated the extract of M. charantia for its antiepimastigote, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities., Materials and Methods: An ethanol extract of leaves from M. charantia was prepared. To research in vitro antiepimastigote activity, T. cruzi CL-B5 clone was used. Epimastigotes were inoculated at a concentration of 1 × 10(5) cells/mL in 200 µl tryptose-liver infusion. For the cytotoxicity assay, J774 macrophages were used. The antifungal activity was evaluated by microdilution using strains of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei., Results: The effective concentration capable of killing 50% of parasites (IC(50)) was 46.06 µg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was ≤ 1024 µg/mL. Metronidazole showed a potentiation of its antifungal effect when combined with an extract of M. charantia., Conclusions: Our results indicate that M. charantia could be a source of plant-derived natural products with antiepimastigote and antifungal-modifying activity with moderate toxicity.

Background: The aim of this work was to evaluate the interactions between aminoglycosides and the ethyl-acetate fraction of the fern Lygodium venustum SW (EAFLV) METHODS: The ethyl-acetate fraction was obtained from the ethanol extract of L. venustum and was assayed via the checkerboard method associated with aminoglycosides against two bacterial strains multiresistant to antibiotics., Results: The antibiotic activity of all drugs, when associated with the ethyl-acetate fraction, was enhanced in an additive manner, except for the association between EAFLV and amikacin, which showed a synergistic interaction against the Escherichia coli strain., Conclusions: The results indicated that L. venustum can be a source of secondary metabolites to be used in association with antibiotics like aminoglycosides in antibiotic chemotherapy against resistant bacteria., (Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Chagas' disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is considered a public health problem. Nowadays, chemotherapy is the only available treatment for this disease, and the drugs currently used, nifurtimox and benzonidazole, present high toxicity levels. Alternatives for replacing these drugs are natural extracts from Eugenia jambolana, a plant used in traditional medicine because of its antimicrobial and biological activities. An ethanol extract from E. jambolana was prepared. To research in vitro anti-epimastigote activity, T. cruzi CL-B5 clone was used. Epimastigotes were inoculated at a concentration of 1×10(5)/mL in 200 μL of tryptose-liver infusion. For the cytotoxicity assay J774 macrophages were used. To examine antifungal activity, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei were used. This is the first record of trypanocide activity for E. jambolana. The effective concentration capable of killing 50% of the parasites was 56.42 μg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration was ≤1,024 μg/mL. Metronidazole showed a potentiation of its antifungal effect when combined with the ethanol extract of E. jambolana. Thus our results indicate that E. jambolana could be a source of plant-derived natural products with anti-epimastigote and antifungal modifying activity with moderate toxicity.

Tropidurus hispidus and Tropidurus semitaeniatus are two lizard species utilized in traditional medicine in Northeast Brazil. Their medicinal use includes diseases related with bacterial infections such as tonsillitis and pharyngitis. They are used in the form of teas (decoctions) for the treatment of illnesses. In this work, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the decoctions of T. hispidus (DTH) and T. semitaeniatus (DTS) against bacterial strains, namely, standard and multiresistant Escherichia coli, Staphylococus aureus, and Pseudomonas aureuginosa, alone and in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics. The decoctions were prepared using the whole body of the dried lizards, and the filtrate was frozen and lyophilized. When tested alone, the samples did not demonstrate any substantial inhibition of bacterial growth. However, in combination with antibiotics as aminoglycosides, decoctions reduced the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the assayed antibiotics against multiresistant strains of S. aureus and P. aureuginosa. Chemical prospecting tests revealed the presence of alkaloids in DTS. This is the first study evaluating the medicinal efficacy of T. hispidus and T. semitaeniatus and contributes to the list of new sources of medicines from natural products of animal origin.

Introduction: Some species of Staphylococcus are often recognized as etiological agents of many animal and human opportunistic infections. This study is the first test of change in resistance of antibiotic activity by Croton campestris A. and Ocimum gratissimum L. against multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus., Objective: In this study, the hexane and methanol extract of Croton campestris A. and Ocimum gratissimum L. was tested for antibacterial activity alone and in combination with norfloxacin against the strain SA1199B., Materials and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the modulatory effect of extracts was assayed using microtitre assay., Results: By the fact of the MIC observed was not clinically relevant (MIC= 512 to ≥1.024 µg/ml), the antibiotic activity of norfloxacin was enhanced when this antibiotic was combined with sub-inhibitory concentrations of extracts, mainly the hexane extracts., Conclusions: These results indicate that the assayed extracts present compounds that can be used as a putative efflux pump inhibitor, indicating that Croton campestris A. and Ocimum gratissimum L. can be a source of plant derived products with antibiotic modifier activity.

Background: Escherichia coli is known to produce enterotoxins whose properties and role in diarrheal disease have been extensively investigated; besides, this bacterium is related to several extra-intestinal problems in the intensive care unit and in surgical wound infections. Some species of Staphylococcus are recognized as etiological agents of opportunistic infections in animals and humans. This study is the first test on the modulation of antibiotic activity by Croton campestris A. against multiresistant strains of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus., Methods: In this study, the hexane and methanol extract of C. campestris A. was tested for antibacterial activity alone and in combination with aminoglycosides against bacterial strains. The synergy of the methanol and hexane extract was verified by microdilution method., Results: A synergistic effect of both extracts combined with the aminoglycosides was demonstrated., Conclusions: It is suggested that the extracts from C. campestris A. could be used as a source of natural product derived from this plant with resistance-modifying antibacterial activity, providing a new weapon against the problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics., (Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bionut.2010.09.007. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn., (Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Background: This study evaluates the radical-scavenging activity of five plants used as food and medicines in the northeastern region of Brazil., Materials and Methods: Spectrophotometric analysis of the plants' ethanol extracts was carried out. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl) test. The antioxidant capacity was measured using ascorbic acid as a positive control., Results: All tested plant extracts showed an antioxidant activity, but the highest activity was observed with the extracts of Momordica charantia and Eugenia jambolana., Conclusions: Therefore, these species must be studied as a putative source of products for use in the prevention and treatment of diseases in which oxidants or free radicals are implicated.

The insecticidal activities of extracts and oils of seventeen medicinal plants of Brazil have been determined using an Aedes aegypti larvicidal bioassay. Oils from Anacardium occidentalis, Copaifera langsdorffii, Carapa guianensis, Cymbopogon winterianus and Ageratum conyzoides showed high activities with LC50 values of 14.5, 41, 57, 98 and 148 microg/l, respectively. The most active ethanolic extract tested was that from the stem of Annona glabra which presented an LC50 value of 27 microg/l. The potential application of cashew nut oil, an industrial by-product with low commercial value, in the control of the vector of dengue and yellow fever, may be proposed.

Research with the purpose of understanding the limits/possibilities of the implementation of mental health actions in the services of the basic health system of the municipal district of Cabedelo-PB, in the perspective of the Psychiatric Reform proposed in the country. It has theoretical-methodological reference in the Historical Materialism and Dialectics. The empiric material was analyzed by the technique of speech analysis. The results indicated that the work process of the nurses identifies with the work process to Attend (Care/Making). It preserves aspects of the traditional model, but it incorporates other focuses of the Collective Health, in a movement that requests the understanding of the presuppositions of the movement for the Psychiatric Reform for the transformation of the work process of nursing, in the sense of the social inclusion and of the integrality of the assistance.