30 results on '"Sanz, Albert"'
Search Results
2. Generalized tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium caprae in a red fox phylogenetically related to livestock breakdowns
- Author
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Pérez de Val, Bernat, Perea, Claudia, Estruch, Josep, Solano-Manrique, Carlos, Riera, Carles, Sanz, Albert, Vidal, Enric, and Velarde, Roser
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Health status of free-ranging pure and cross-mixed miniature swine population from North East Spain.
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Martorell, Jaume, primary, Soler, Vicente, additional, Casas, Encarna, additional, Closa-Sebastià, Francesc, additional, and Sanz, Albert, additional
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Dropout and compliance to physical exercise in menopausal osteopenic women: the European “happy bones” project
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Grazioli, Elisa, primary, Cerulli, Claudia, additional, Tranchita, Eliana, additional, Moretti, Elisa, additional, Mauri, Caterina, additional, Broccatelli, Marianna, additional, De Bellonia, Simona, additional, Abalașei, Beatrice-Aurelia, additional, Dumitru, Iulian-Marius, additional, Moraru, Cristina-Elena, additional, Iacob, Radu-Mihai, additional, Blancafort-Alias, Sergi, additional, González, Aimar Intxaurrondo, additional, Riau, Àlex Domingo, additional, Giménez i Sanz, Albert, additional, Ramos, Graciela Inness, additional, Pekel, Haci Ahmet, additional, Altunsoy, Mustafa, additional, Ozkan, Secil, additional, Dikmen, Asiye Ugras, additional, Sacchetti, Massimo, additional, and Parisi, Attilio, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Mycobacterium microti Infection in Free-Ranging Wild Boar, Spain, 2017-2019
- Author
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de Val, Bernat Perez, Sanz, Albert, Soler, Merce, Allepuz, Alberto, Michelet, Lorraine, Boschiroli, Maria Laura, and Vidal, Enric
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Infection -- Health aspects ,Tuberculosis -- Health aspects ,Pets ,Beef cattle ,Rodents ,Wildlife ,Health - Abstract
A Mycobacterium microti is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), which also includes M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, the main causes of human and animal tuberculosis (TB), respectively. [...]
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Millora d'un sistema d'excitació configurable d'una matriu de transductors d'ultrasons per insonació transcranial
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Carré Sanz, Albert, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, and Chávez Domínguez, Juan Antonio
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transductores ,Matrius de portes programables per l'usuari ,US ,GUI ,Transducers ,Interfaz ,Field programmable gate arrays ,Enginyeria electrònica::Instrumentació i mesura [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Transductors ,Python (Llenguatge de programació) ,FPGA ,Python (Computer program language) ,Python - Abstract
The UPC Sensor Systems Group has developed a system to generate medium intensity ultrasound waves in order to perform transcranial insonation for medical applications. The system is based on a mechanical system similar to a "crown" that holds the transducers, which are excited by a power board and hardware that generates digital signals based on an FPGA. The configuration of the experiments and the control of the system is done from a computer. In this thesis I have improved the system that generates the electrical signals to excite the array of transducers that generates ultrasound. Furthermore,human interaction with the system has been improved so that more complex experiments can be carried out and the precision of the generated signals is greater. El Grupo de Sistemas de Sensores de la UPC ha desarrollado un sistema para generar ondas de ultrasonido para realizar insonación transcraneal para aplicaciones médicas. El sistema se basa en un sistema mecánico similar a una "corona" que sostiene el transductores, que son excitados por una placa de alimentación y un hardware que genera digital señales basadas en un FPGA. La configuración de los experimentos y el control del sistema se hace desde una ordenador. En esta tesis he mejorado el sistema que genera las señales eléctricas para excitar la matriz de transductores que generan los ultrasonidos. Además, la interacción humana con el sistema se ha mejorado para que se puedan llevar a cabo experimentos más complejos y con mayor precisión. El Grup de Sistemes de Sensors de la UPC ha desenvolupat un sistema per generar ones ultrasòniques per a realitzar insonació transcranial per a aplicacions mèdiques. El sistema es basa en un sistema mecànic similar a una "corona" que subjecta els transductors, que són excitats per una placa d'alimentació i un maquinari que genera digitalment senyals basats en una FPGA. La configuració dels experiments i el control del sistema es fa des d'un ordinador. En aquesta tesi he millorat el sistema que genera les senyals elèctriques que exciten la matriu de transductors que generen ultrasons. A més, s'ha millorat la interacció humana amb el sistema perquè es puguin dur a terme experiments més complexos i precisos.
- Published
- 2022
7. Improvement of a configurable excitation system of an array of ultrasound transducers for transcranial insonation
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Chávez Domínguez, Juan Antonio, Carré Sanz, Albert, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Chávez Domínguez, Juan Antonio, and Carré Sanz, Albert
- Published
- 2022
8. Health status of free‐ranging pure and cross‐mixed miniature swine population from Northeast Spain
- Author
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Soler, Vicente, primary, Casas, Encarna, additional, Closa‐Sebastià, Francesc, additional, Sanz, Albert, additional, and Martorell, Jaume, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Disseny d'una màquina de musculació inercial
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Urquía Sanz, Albert, Álvarez del Castillo, Javier, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Mecànica
- Published
- 2021
10. The Saint Petersburg paradox
- Author
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Romero Sanz, Albert, Jiménez Fernández, Eduardo, and Universitat Jaume I. Departament d'Economia
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Saint Petersburg paradox ,Grado en Economía ,Bachelor's Degree in Economics ,Grau en Economia - Abstract
Treball Final de Grau en Economia. Codi: EC1049. Curs acadèmic: 2019-2020 This essay is based on the Saint Petersburg paradox, a game where traders have to choose between a risky and a risk-free option, with the risky one to have an higher expected value. In order to recreate this experiment I run a questionnaire answered by one hundred people from different Spanish geographical zones. My sample is composed by people with differents ages, gender and education level. My results show that there are different factors able to explain the selected option. The investigated variables are: genders, age, the level of education and gambling addiction. Gender has not any influence on the election, age influences negatively, lottery influences only the odd elections and university influences positively. As a general aspect, I can affirm that individuals select the action that seems most advantageous without taking the expected value into account. As a general conclusion, we can say that the rationality theory does not apply in this essay. My essay is divided into 3 parts: First, I define what is a game, what is the game theory and why I decided to create this experiment. Second, I explain the questionnaire, define my sample and solve mathematically the model. Finally, there are my conclusions.
- Published
- 2020
11. Disseny d'una màquina de musculació inercial
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Mecànica, Álvarez del Castillo, Javier, Urquía Sanz, Albert, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Mecànica, Álvarez del Castillo, Javier, and Urquía Sanz, Albert
- Published
- 2021
12. Phylogenetic relationships investigation of Mycobacterium caprae strains from sympatric wild boar and goats based on whole genome sequencing
- Author
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Ciaravino, Giovanna, primary, Vidal, Enric, additional, Cortey, Martí, additional, Martín, Maite, additional, Sanz, Albert, additional, Mercader, Irene, additional, Perea, Claudia, additional, Robbe‐Austerman, Suelee, additional, Allepuz, Alberto, additional, and Pérez de Val, Bernat, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Aplicación de la secuenciación masiva en la epidemiología de la tuberculosis animal.
- Author
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de Val, Bernat Pérez, Riera, Carles, and Sanz, Albert
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WHOLE genome sequencing ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,WILD boar ,DRUG resistance ,LABORATORY animals ,TUBERCULOSIS ,AFRICAN swine fever - Abstract
Copyright of Albéitar is the property of Grupo Asis Biomedia, S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
14. Disseny d'un sistema d'adquisició i control de dades per a un hivernacle
- Author
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Carré Sanz, Albert, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, and Roset Juan, Francesc Xavier
- Subjects
Internet of things ,Internet de les coses ,Microcontroladors ,Microcontrollers ,Enginyeria electrònica::Microelectrònica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] - Abstract
En els últims anys, veiem com més varietat de dispositius que utilitzem en el nostre dia a dia, són connectats a la xarxa per tal d'obtenir alguna utilitat d'aquesta. Aquest TFG pretén mostrar un exemple pràctic d'utilització del anomenat "Internet de les coses", on s'enginyarà un mètode de baix cost per poder connectar a la xarxa sistemes electrònics. Com a exemple, es dissenyarà i s'implementarà físicament un sistema d'adquisició i control de dades per a un hivernacle. El prototip dissenyat, constarà dels components, dispositius i algorismes, que permeten fer treballar un sistema electrònic clàssic, format per dispositius com un PIC, un LCD i una sèrie d'actuadors, amb una pàgina web com a eina de monitoratge i control de dades. Mitjançant un sistema Raspduino (una Arduino i una Raspberri) que utilitzarem com a servidor de la pàgina web i sistema de transmissió de dades, aquest sistema podrà fer dues accions típiques del "Internet de les coses", enviar dades al núvol i rebre dades del núvol, tot enfocat a una aplicació pràctica, un hivernacle intel·ligent.
- Published
- 2019
15. Phylogenetic relationships investigation of Mycobacterium caprae strains from sympatric wild boar and goats based on whole genome sequencing
- Author
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Ciaravino, Giovanna, Vidal Barba, Enric, Cortey, Martí, Martín, Maite, Sanz, Albert, Mercader, Irene, Perea, Claudia, Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, Allepuz Palau, Alberto, Pérez de Val, Bernat, Ciaravino, Giovanna, Vidal Barba, Enric, Cortey, Martí, Martín, Maite, Sanz, Albert, Mercader, Irene, Perea, Claudia, Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, Allepuz Palau, Alberto, and Pérez de Val, Bernat
- Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in wildlife challenges epidemiological surveillance and disease control. An outbreak of TB was detected in a free-ranging wild boar population of a Natural Park in Catalonia (Spain) and the outbreak investigation was conducted in the area. During the study period (2015-2020), 278 wild boars were analysed by gross pathology, histopathology, mycobacterial culture and DVR-spoligotyping. In addition, all cattle (49) and goat (47) herds of the area were tested with tuberculin skin test. TB compatible lesions were detected in 21 wild boars, and Mycobacterium caprae was isolated in 17 of them with two different spoligotypes: SB0415 (13) and SB1908 (4). Only two goat herds showed TB positive animals that were subsequently slaughtered. M. caprae with the spoligotypes SB0416 and SB0415 were isolated from these animals. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships and the transmission chain of the outbreak, nine strains isolated from six wild boars and three goats of the study area were analysed by whole genome sequencing (WGS) followed by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis by maximum likelihood and median-joining network inference methods. Results indicated that infected wild boars maintained M. caprae strains circulation in their own population and have likely transmitted the infection to goats, thus acting as TB reservoirs, compromising the success of livestock TB eradication campaigns and posing a risk for public health. The results also highlighted the usefulness of WGS followed by SNP analysis in providing relevant epidemiological information when detailed contact data are missing.
- Published
- 2020
16. Health status of free‐ranging pure and cross‐mixed miniature swine population from Northeast Spain.
- Author
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Soler, Vicente, Casas, Encarna, Closa‐Sebastià, Francesc, Sanz, Albert, and Martorell, Jaume
- Subjects
CLASSICAL swine fever ,WILD boar ,SWINE ,AFRICAN swine fever ,HEPATITIS E virus ,ANIMAL health - Abstract
Background: Miniature pigs have gained popularity as companion animals in the recent years in Spain. Due to the fact that their abandonment and crossing breeds with wild boars can cause severe problems, investigation about the health status is needed. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine their health status according to the clinical findings during physical examination and the results of antibody serology tests against selected infectious diseases. Methods: Two‐hundred and eleven miniature pigs (Sus scrofa) were included in the study. Their origin, age, sex, housing conditions and diet were recorded. Results: The housing of the animals ranged from wild animals to ones living in animal sanctuaries. The diet varied from a natural one in the wild to commercial and homemade food. Thirty animals out of two‐hundred and eleven were hybrids between miniature pigs and wild boars according to morphological characteristics. Antibody serology techniques of Influenza A virus, Hepatitis E virus, brucellosis, tuberculosis, African swine fever, Classical swine fever and Aujeszky's disease was performed. The prevalence for Influenza A was 5.30%, for Hepatitis E was 5.35% and the rest tested negative. It is important to control and monitor these zoonotic infections to prevent Public Health problems. Conclusions: The results obtained from this investigation demonstrated that the animals' health status in this study is optimal and the diseases prevalence is similar or minor when compared to previous studies. This study confirms the hybridization of miniature pig and wild boar in Catalonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Radiological Case of the Month
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Jalou, Hasnaa, Hutcheon, R. Gordon, and Sanz, Albert
- Published
- 2001
18. Mycobacterium microtiInfection in Free-Ranging Wild Boar, Spain, 2017–2019
- Author
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Pérez de Val, Bernat, primary, Sanz, Albert, additional, Soler, Mercè, additional, Allepuz, Alberto, additional, Michelet, Lorraine, additional, Boschiroli, María Laura, additional, and Vidal, Enric, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Phylogenetic relationships investigation of Mycobacterium caprae strains from sympatric wild boar and goats based on whole genome sequencing.
- Author
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Ciaravino, Giovanna, Vidal, Enric, Cortey, Martí, Martín, Maite, Sanz, Albert, Mercader, Irene, Perea, Claudia, Robbe‐Austerman, Suelee, Allepuz, Alberto, and Pérez de Val, Bernat
- Subjects
WILD boar ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing ,GOATS ,MYCOBACTERIUM ,TUBERCULIN test - Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in wildlife challenges epidemiological surveillance and disease control. An outbreak of TB was detected in a free‐ranging wild boar population of a Natural Park in Catalonia (Spain) and the outbreak investigation was conducted in the area. During the study period (2015–2020), 278 wild boars were analysed by gross pathology, histopathology, mycobacterial culture and DVR‐spoligotyping. In addition, all cattle (49) and goat (47) herds of the area were tested with tuberculin skin test. TB compatible lesions were detected in 21 wild boars, and Mycobacterium caprae was isolated in 17 of them with two different spoligotypes: SB0415 (13) and SB1908 (4). Only two goat herds showed TB positive animals that were subsequently slaughtered. M. caprae with the spoligotypes SB0416 and SB0415 were isolated from these animals. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships and the transmission chain of the outbreak, nine strains isolated from six wild boars and three goats of the study area were analysed by whole genome sequencing (WGS) followed by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis by maximum likelihood and median‐joining network inference methods. Results indicated that infected wild boars maintained M. caprae strains circulation in their own population and have likely transmitted the infection to goats, thus acting as TB reservoirs, compromising the success of livestock TB eradication campaigns and posing a risk for public health. The results also highlighted the usefulness of WGS followed by SNP analysis in providing relevant epidemiological information when detailed contact data are missing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Disseny d'un sistema d'adquisició i control de dades per a un hivernacle
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Roset Juan, Francesc Xavier, Carré Sanz, Albert, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Roset Juan, Francesc Xavier, and Carré Sanz, Albert
- Abstract
En els últims anys, veiem com més varietat de dispositius que utilitzem en el nostre dia a dia, són connectats a la xarxa per tal d'obtenir alguna utilitat d'aquesta. Aquest TFG pretén mostrar un exemple pràctic d'utilització del anomenat "Internet de les coses", on s'enginyarà un mètode de baix cost per poder connectar a la xarxa sistemes electrònics. Com a exemple, es dissenyarà i s'implementarà físicament un sistema d'adquisició i control de dades per a un hivernacle. El prototip dissenyat, constarà dels components, dispositius i algorismes, que permeten fer treballar un sistema electrònic clàssic, format per dispositius com un PIC, un LCD i una sèrie d'actuadors, amb una pàgina web com a eina de monitoratge i control de dades. Mitjançant un sistema Raspduino (una Arduino i una Raspberri) que utilitzarem com a servidor de la pàgina web i sistema de transmissió de dades, aquest sistema podrà fer dues accions típiques del "Internet de les coses", enviar dades al núvol i rebre dades del núvol, tot enfocat a una aplicació pràctica, un hivernacle intel·ligent.
- Published
- 2019
21. Diseñode las instalaciones deuna estaciónsubterráneainteligente de metro.SMART UNDERGROUND STATION
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria de Projectes i de la Construcció, Cot Sanz, Albert, Cuerva Contreras, Eva, Ruiz Cortegoso, Alfonso, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria de Projectes i de la Construcció, Cot Sanz, Albert, Cuerva Contreras, Eva, and Ruiz Cortegoso, Alfonso
- Published
- 2018
22. Quantification of dopaminergic neurotransmission SPECT studies with 123 l-labelled radioligands
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Institut de Tècniques Energètiques, Cot Sanz, Albert, Ros Puig, Domènec, Gallego Blanco, Judith, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Institut de Tècniques Energètiques, Cot Sanz, Albert, Ros Puig, Domènec, and Gallego Blanco, Judith
- Abstract
Dopaminergic neurotransmission SPECT studies with 123I-labelled radioligands can help in the diagnosis of neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Parkinson¿s disease and schizophrenia. Nowadays, interpretation of SPECT images is based mainly on visual assessment by experienced observers. However, a quantitative evaluation of the images is recommended in current clinical guidelines. Quantitative information can help diagnose the disease at the early pre-clinical stages, follow its progression and assess the effects of treatment strategies. SPECT images are affected by a number of effects that are inherent in the image formation: attenuation and scattering of photons, system response and partial volume effect. These effects degrade the contrast and resolution of the images and, as a consequence, the real activity distribution of the radiotracer is distorted. Whilst the photon emission of 123I is dominated by a low-energy line of 159 keV, it also emits several high-energy lines. When 123I-labelled radioligands are used, a non-negligible fraction of high-energy photons undergoes backscattering in the detector and the gantry and reaches the detector within the energy window. In this work, a complete methodology for the compensation of all the degrading effects involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission SPECT imaging with 123I is presented. The proposed method uses Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the scattered photons detected in the projections. For this purpose, the SimSET Monte Carlo code was modified so as to adapt it to the more complex simulation of high-energy photons emitted by 123I. Once validated, the modified SimSET code was used to simulate 123I SPECT studies of an anthropomorphic striatal phantom using different imaging systems. The projections obtained showed that scatter is strongly dependent on the imaging system and comprises at least 40% of the detected photons. Applying the new methodology demonstrated that absolute quantification can be achie, Postprint (published version)
- Published
- 2016
23. Tuberous Sclerosis
- Author
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Jalou, Hasnaa, Hutcheon, R. Gordon, and Sanz, Albert
- Subjects
Tuberous sclerosis -- Case studies ,Health - Published
- 2001
24. Pràcticum a l’empresa CROMSA
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Construccions Arquitectòniques II, Segués Aguasca, Edgar, Romero Sanz, Albert, Sotil Gallego, Samuel, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Construccions Arquitectòniques II, Segués Aguasca, Edgar, Romero Sanz, Albert, and Sotil Gallego, Samuel
- Abstract
El treball que a continuació es presenta és un TFG en modalitat de Pràcticum, realitzat a l’empresa Cromsa Construcción y medioambiente S.A.U. (Cromsa) entre el 4 de març i el 31 de juliol. Primerament es descriu l’empresa i el seu funcionament intern, així com les tasques desenvolupades en la gestió dels encàrrecs. Seguidament es realitza una explicació de la participació a l’empresa durant el Pràcticum, emmarcada en els departaments d’Oficina tècnica i estudis i del de Producció. En una segona part, es realitza una anàlisi de 4 dels encàrrecs en els que s’ha intervingut durant les pràctiques. S’han analitzat 3 projectes de rehabilitació i 1 de reurbanització de carrers. Finalment s’exposen les conclusions extretes relatives a aquests encàrrecs i als diferents agents que intervenen en el sector de la construcció.
- Published
- 2014
25. Absolute quantification in brain SPECT imaging
- Author
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Cot Sanz, Albert, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Calviño, F. (Francisco), Sempau Roma, Josep, and Ros Puig, Domènec
- Subjects
3204. Medicina del treball - 3320. Tecnologia nuclear - 2207. Física atòmica i nuclear ,616.8 ,fan-beam collimator ,Tomografia ,neuroreceptors ,Medicina nuclear ,Montecarlo, Mètode de ,SPECT ,Parkinson ,Ciències de la salut [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,quantificació - Abstract
Certes malalties neurològiques estan associades amb problemes en els sistemes de neurotransmissió. Una aproximació a l'estudi d'aquests sistemes és la tomografia d'emissió SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) com a tècnicano-invasiva que proporciona imatges funcionals representatives de l'activitat neuronal. Aquesta tècnica permet la visualització i l'anàlisi de diferents òrgans i teixits dins l'àmbit de la Medicina Nuclear.Malgrat que la inspecció visual de la imatge a vegades és suficient per establir el diagnòstic, la quantificació dels paràmetres de la imatge reconstruida poden millorar la fiabilitat i exactitud del diagnòstic precoç de la malaltia. En particular, la quantificació d'estudis de neurotransmissors de dopamina pot ajudar a detectar els estadis inicials de malalties com el Parkinson. Així mateix, la quantificació permet un seguiment més acurat de l'evolució de la malaltia i una evaluació dels efectes de la terapèutica aplicada.La quantificació es veu afectada pels efectes degradants de la imatge com són el soroll estadístic, la resposta del sistema col.limador/detector i l'efecte de dispersió i/o atenuació dels fotons en la seva interacció amb la matèria. Alguns d'aquests efectes poden ser corregits mitjançant l'ús d'algoritmes de reconstrucció iteratius.L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és aconseguir una quantificació tant absoluta com relativa dels valors numèrics de la imatge reconstruida de manera que reprodueixin la distribució d'activitat real del pacient en el moment de l'adquisició de l'estudi de SPECT. Per aconseguir-ho s'han desenvolupat diferents codis i algoritmes per millorar els mètodes de reconstrucció existents i validar-ne els seus resultats.La validació i millora dels algoritmes s'ha basat en l'ús de tècniques de simulació Monte Carlo. S'han analitzat els diferents codis Monte Carlo disponibles en l'àmbit de la Medicina Nuclear i s'ha escollit SimSET. La interpretació dels resultats obtinguts i la comparació amb els resultats experimentals ens van dur a incorporar modificacions en el codi original. D'aquesta manera vam obtenir i validar SimSET com a generador d'estudis de SPECT a partir de pacients i objectes virtuals.La millora dels algoritmes es va basar en la incorporació de models analítics de la resposta del sistema col.limador/detector. La modelització del sistema es va implementar per diferents configuracions i energies de la font amb la utilització del codi Monte Carlo PENELOPE. Així mateix es va dissenyar un nou algoritme iteratiu que incorporés l'efecte 3D del sistema i es va tenir en compte la valoració de la imatge en tot el seu volum.Finalment, es va proposar una correcció de l'scattering utilitzant el simulador SimSET modificat per tal d'accelerar el procés de reconstrucció. Els valors reconstruits de la imatge ens han permès recuperar més d'un 95\% dels valors originals, permetent per tant la quantificació absoluta de les imatges de SPECT., Many forms of brain diseases are associated with problems in the neurotransmission systems. One approach to the assessment of such systems is the use of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) brain imaging. Neurotransmission SPECT has become an important tool in neuroimaging and is today regarded as a useful method in both clinical and basic research. SPECT is able to non-invasively visualize and analyze different organs and tissues functions or properties in Nuclear Medicine.Although visual inspection is often sufficient to assess neurotransmission imaging, quantification might improve the diagnostic accuracy of SPECT studies of the dopaminergic system. In particular, quantification of neurotransmission SPECT studies in Parkinson Disease could help us to diagnose this illness in the early pre-clinical stages. One of the main research topics in SPECT is to achieve early diagnosis, indeed preclinical diagnosis in neurodegenerative illnesses. In this field detailed analysis of shapes and values of the region of interest (ROIs) of the image is important, thus quantification is needed. Moreover, quantification allows a follow-up of the progression of disease and to assess the effects of potential neuroprotective treatment strategies. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to achieve quantification of both the absolute activity values and the relative values of the reconstructed SPECT images.Quantification is affected by the degradation of the image introduced by statistical noise, attenuation, collimator/detector response and scattering effects. Some of these degradations may be corrected by using iterative reconstruction algorithms, which thus enable a more reliable quantification. The importance of correcting degradations in reconstruction algorithms to improve quantification accuracy of brain SPECT studies has been proved.Monte Carlo simulations are the --gold standard' for testing reconstruction algorithms in Nuclear Medicine. We analyzed the available Monte Carlo codes and we chose SimSET as a virtual phantom simulator. A new stopping criteria in SimSET was established in order to reduce the simulation time. The modified SimSET version was validated as a virtual phantom simulator which reproduces realistic projection data sets in SPECT studies.Iterative algorithms permit modelling of the projection process, allowing for correction of spatially variant collimator response and the photon crosstalk effect between transaxial slices. Thus, our work was focused on the modelling of the collimator/detector response for the parallel and fan beam configurations using the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE. Moreover, a full 3D reconstruction with OS-EM algorithms was developed.Finally, scattering has recognized to be one of the most significant degradation effects in SPECT quantification. Nowadays this subject is an intensive field of research in SPECT techniques. Monte Carlo techniques appear to be the most reliable way to include this correction. The use of the modified SimSET simulator accelerates the forward projection process although the computational burden is already a challenge for this technique.Full 3D reconstruction simultaneously applied with Monte Carlo-based scattering correction and the 3D evaluation procedure is a major upgrade technique in order to obtain valuable, absolute quantitative estimates of the reconstructed images. Once all the degrading effects were corrected, the obtained values were 95\% of the theoretical values. Thus, the absolute quantification was achieved.
- Published
- 2003
26. Absolute quantification in brain SPECT imaging
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Calviño, F. (Francisco), Sempau Roma, Josep, Ros Puig, Domènec, Cot Sanz, Albert, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Calviño, F. (Francisco), Sempau Roma, Josep, Ros Puig, Domènec, and Cot Sanz, Albert
- Abstract
Certes malalties neurològiques estan associades amb problemes en els sistemes de neurotransmissió. Una aproximació a l'estudi d'aquests sistemes és la tomografia d'emissió SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) com a tècnica no-invasiva que proporciona imatges funcionals representatives de l'activitat neuronal. Aquesta tècnica permet la visualització i l'anàlisi de diferents òrgans i teixits dins l'àmbit de la Medicina Nuclear. Malgrat que la inspecció visual de la imatge a vegades és suficient per establir el diagnòstic, la quantificació dels paràmetres de la imatge reconstruida poden millorar la fiabilitat i exactitud del diagnòstic precoç de la malaltia. En particular, la quantificació d'estudis de neurotransmissors de dopamina pot ajudar a detectar els estadis inicials de malalties com el Parkinson. Així mateix, la quantificació permet un seguiment més acurat de l'evolució de la malaltia i una evaluació dels efectes de la terapèutica aplicada. La quantificació es veu afectada pels efectes degradants de la imatge com són el soroll estadístic, la resposta del sistema col.limador/detector i l'efecte de dispersió i/o atenuació dels fotons en la seva interacció amb la matèria. Alguns d'aquests efectes poden ser corregits mitjançant l'ús d'algoritmes de reconstrucció iteratius. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és aconseguir una quantificació tant absoluta com relativa dels valors numèrics de la imatge reconstruida de manera que reprodueixin la distribució d'activitat real del pacient en el moment de l'adquisició de l'estudi de SPECT. Per aconseguir-ho s'han desenvolupat diferents codis i algoritmes per millorar els mètodes de reconstrucció existents i validar-ne els seus resultats. La validació i millora dels algoritmes s'ha basat en l'ús de tècniques de simulació Monte Carlo. S'han analitzat els diferents codis Monte Carlo disponibles en l'àmbit de la Medicina Nuclear i s'ha escollit SimSET. La interpretació dels resultats, Many forms of brain diseases are associated with problems in the neurotransmission systems. One approach to the assessment of such systems is the use of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) brain imaging. Neurotransmission SPECT has become an important tool in neuroimaging and is today regarded as a useful method in both clinical and basic research. SPECT is able to non-invasively visualize and analyze different organs and tissues functions or properties in Nuclear Medicine. Although visual inspection is often sufficient to assess neurotransmission imaging, quantification might improve the diagnostic accuracy of SPECT studies of the dopaminergic system. In particular, quantification of neurotransmission SPECT studies in Parkinson Disease could help us to diagnose this illness in the early pre-clinical stages. One of the main research topics in SPECT is to achieve early diagnosis, indeed preclinical diagnosis in neurodegenerative illnesses. In this field detailed analysis of shapes and values of the region of interest (ROIs) of the image is important, thus quantification is needed. Moreover, quantification allows a follow-up of the progression of disease and to assess the effects of potential neuroprotective treatment strategies. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to achieve quantification of both the absolute activity values and the relative values of the reconstructed SPECT images. Quantification is affected by the degradation of the image introduced by statistical noise, attenuation, collimator/detector response and scattering effects. Some of these degradations may be corrected by using iterative reconstruction algorithms, which thus enable a more reliable quantification. The importance of correcting degradations in reconstruction algorithms to improve quantification accuracy of brain SPECT studies has been proved. Monte Carlo simulations are the --gold standard' for testing reconstruction algorithms in Nuclear Medicine., Postprint (published version)
- Published
- 2003
27. Quantification of dopaminergic neurotransmission SPECT studies with 123 l-labelled radioligands
- Author
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Gallego Blanco, Judith, Cot Sanz, Albert, Ros Puig, Domènec, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Institut de Tècniques Energètiques
- Subjects
Absolute quantification ,123I SPECT ,Enginyeria biomèdica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Standardisation ,Image degrading effects ,Monte Carlo simulation ,Dopaminergic neurotransmission - Abstract
Dopaminergic neurotransmission SPECT studies with 123I-labelled radioligands can help in the diagnosis of neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Parkinson¿s disease and schizophrenia. Nowadays, interpretation of SPECT images is based mainly on visual assessment by experienced observers. However, a quantitative evaluation of the images is recommended in current clinical guidelines. Quantitative information can help diagnose the disease at the early pre-clinical stages, follow its progression and assess the effects of treatment strategies. SPECT images are affected by a number of effects that are inherent in the image formation: attenuation and scattering of photons, system response and partial volume effect. These effects degrade the contrast and resolution of the images and, as a consequence, the real activity distribution of the radiotracer is distorted. Whilst the photon emission of 123I is dominated by a low-energy line of 159 keV, it also emits several high-energy lines. When 123I-labelled radioligands are used, a non-negligible fraction of high-energy photons undergoes backscattering in the detector and the gantry and reaches the detector within the energy window. In this work, a complete methodology for the compensation of all the degrading effects involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission SPECT imaging with 123I is presented. The proposed method uses Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the scattered photons detected in the projections. For this purpose, the SimSET Monte Carlo code was modified so as to adapt it to the more complex simulation of high-energy photons emitted by 123I. Once validated, the modified SimSET code was used to simulate 123I SPECT studies of an anthropomorphic striatal phantom using different imaging systems. The projections obtained showed that scatter is strongly dependent on the imaging system and comprises at least 40% of the detected photons. Applying the new methodology demonstrated that absolute quantification can be achieved when the method includes accurate compensations for all the degrading effects. When the method did not include correction for all degradations, calculated values depended on the imaging system, although a linear relationship was found between calculated and true values. It was also found that partial volume effect and scatter corrections play a major role in the recovery of nominal values. Despite the advantages of absolute quantification, the computational and methodological requirements needed severely limit the possibility of application in clinical routine. Thus, for the time being, absolute quantification is limited to academic studies and research trials. In a clinical context, reliable, simple and rapid methods are needed, thus, semi-quantitative methods are used. Diagnosis also requires the establishment of robust reference values for healthy controls. These values are usually derived from a large data pool obtained in multicentre clinical trials. The comparison between the semi-quantitative values obtained from a patient and the reference is only feasible if the quantitative values have been previously standardised, i.e. they are independent of the gamma camera, acquisition protocol, reconstruction parameters and quantification procedure applied. Thus, standardisation requires that the calculated values are compensated somehow for all the image-degrading phenomena. In this thesis dissertation, a methodology for the standardisation of the quantitative values extracted from dopaminergic neurotransmission SPECT studies with 123I is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. This methodology is based on the linear relationship found between calculated and true values for a group of studies corresponding to different subjects with non-negligible anatomical and tracer uptake differences. Reconstruction and quantification methods were found to have a high impact on the linearity of the relationship and on the accuracy of the standardised results.
- Published
- 2016
28. Pràcticum a l’empresa CROMSA
- Author
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Sotil Gallego, Samuel, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Construccions Arquitectòniques II, Segués Aguasca, Edgar, and Romero Sanz, Albert
- Subjects
Façanes -- Manteniment i reparació -- Catalunya -- Barcelona ,Rehabilitació de l'habitatge -- Catalunya -- Barcelona ,Housing rehabilitation ,Edificació::Rehabilitació d’edificis [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] - Abstract
El treball que a continuació es presenta és un TFG en modalitat de Pràcticum , realitzat a l’empresa CROMSA CONSTRUCCIÓN Y MEDIOAMBIENTE S.A.U. (CROMSA) entre el 4 de març i el 31 de juliol. Primerament es descriu l’empresa i el seu funcionament intern, així com les tasques desenvolupades en la gestió dels encàrrecs. Seguidament es realitza una explicació de la participació a l’empresa durant el Pràcticum, emmarcada en els departaments d’Oficina tècnica i estudis i del de Producció. En una segona part, es realitza una anàlisi de 4 dels encàrrecs en els que s’ha intervingut durant les pràctiques. S’han analitzat 3 projectes de rehabilitació i 1 de reurbanització de carrers. Finalment s’exposen les conclusions extretes relatives a aquests encàrrecs i als diferents agents que intervenen en el sector de la construcció.
29. Diseñode las instalaciones deuna estaciónsubterráneainteligente de metro.SMART UNDERGROUND STATION
- Author
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Ruiz Cortegoso, Alfonso, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria de Projectes i de la Construcció, Cot Sanz, Albert, and Cuerva Contreras, Eva
- Subjects
Sistemes de transport intel·ligent ,Informàtica::Aplicacions de la informàtica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Intelligent transportation systems
30. Mycobacterium microti Infection in Free-Ranging Wild Boar, Spain, 2017-2019.
- Author
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Pérez de Val B, Sanz A, Soler M, Allepuz A, Michelet L, Boschiroli ML, and Vidal E
- Subjects
- Animals, Disease Outbreaks, Geography, Medical, History, 21st Century, Public Health Surveillance, Spain epidemiology, Swine, Swine Diseases history, Mycobacterium tuberculosis classification, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Sus scrofa microbiology, Swine Diseases epidemiology, Swine Diseases microbiology, Tuberculosis veterinary
- Abstract
Mycobacterium microti is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that causes pathology in many mammals. M. microti infections have been found in some countries in Europe. We report an outbreak of tuberculosis caused by M. microti in wild boars in Spain.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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