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In this work, a sensing unit on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) has been designed to house hall sensors. Hall sensors are used to capture leakage flux signals from magnetized wire ropes for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) of wire ropes. Various parameters are optimized before designing PCB, such as: Lift-off, orientation of sensor, number of hall sensors. Hall sensor signals are captured using DAQ card of NI® and program is written in LABVIEW® software. System is designed for: reducing noise in acquired signal (using RC filter), decreasing the number of channels for data acquisition system, reducing system cost and maintain signal fidelity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TriboelectricNanogenerators (TENGs) is a new era energy source to power portable small electronic devices. This paper presents the fabrication of vertical contact separation mode TENGs. Three different TENGs device prototypes are fabricated: (1) Kapton-Aluminium; (2) Teflon-Aluminium and (3) Room Temperature Vulcanizing (RTV)-Aluminium. To optimize the performance of TENGs the effect of various parameters such as thickness of dielectric layer, contact time between two layers and contact separation movement of layers have been observed. Experimental result demonstrates that the output voltage increases initially and then decreases with the increase in thickness of dielectric layer. It is also reported that output voltage of TENGs decreases and increases with the increase in contact time and contact separation movement respectively. In this work, an output voltage obtained from TENGs is suitable to drive applications based on small power electronics.

Background: Cell adhesion molecules are essential to maintain the integrity of stratified squamous epithelium but their expression has to be dynamic to aid the mobility and turnover of cells. Paxillin is one such multi-domain protein which integrates numerous signals from cell surface receptors, integrins and growth factors. It thus functions as a regulator of various physiological and pathological processes including tissue remodeling, cell motility, gene expression, matrix organization, cell proliferation, metastasis and survival. Hence, the assessment of paxillin expression in normal control, potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients was carried out. Material and Methods: The present retrospective study comprised of 20 each clinically and histologically confirmed case of normal control, potentially malignant disorders, and oral squamous cell carcinomas. All the slides were stained immunohistochemically using Paxillin antibody. Results: The localization, staining intensity and percentage of positivity for paxillin expression was statistically significant among normal control and potentially malignant disorders, whereas oral squamous cell carcinoma showed a non-significant difference. Upon comparison of histopathological grading of potentially malignant disorders, mild versus severe and moderate versus severe epithelial dysplasia showed a statistical significant difference among all the parameters of paxillin expression. However, WDSCC & MDSCC a statistically significant difference among localization and staining intensity of paxillin. Conclusion: Paxillin may play an important role in pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by altering the adhesive properties of the tumor cells interacting with the extracellular matrix which in turn affects their invasive behavior and histologic differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Focal fibrous hyperplasia, peripheral ossifying fibroma, pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, giant cell fibroma and focal reactive overgrowth (FROGs) are one of the foremost numerous benign soft-tissue growths in the oral cavity. Chronic irritation or trauma is with identified as the causative aspect. It may develop up to few centimeters in diameter, pedunculated or sessile and may arise on the gingiva or buccal mucosa. Treatment involves surgical excision, and recurrences are infrequent. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of FROGs of oral mucosa in an institutional setup. Subjects and Methods: All the histopathologically diagnosed cases of FROGs within a period of 10 years (January 2008–December 2017) were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Oral Pathology. The information such as age, sex, site, anatomical side and its prevalence were recorded on customized case history performa. Statistical Analysis Used: The significance of difference was assessed using the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: A total of 2849 cases were identified, of which 449 (15%) were FROGs. The most prevalent lesion amid them were focal fibrous hyperplasia (277, 62%), followed by pyogenic granuloma (92, 20%), whereas the least common was giant cell fibroma with 2 (0.5%) cases. All the FROGs were distributed among 21–40 years of age showing female predominance. The commonly affected site was the right buccal mucosa. Conclusions: Nevertheless, information of the frequency and distribution of these lesions is favorable when establishing a diagnosis and treatment plan in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a major contributor to disability and death caused by malignant tumors. Variations in social, cultural, and geographic factors affect the tumor behavior and response to treatment. In this study, we undertake a seven years institutional review and analysis of Oral squamous cell carcinoma cases in Bareilly. Materials and Methods: A total of 1938 histologically diagnosed cases during the period of seven years i.e. from 2010 to 2016 were extracted from the archives of Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly and evaluated to know the prevalence of Oral squamous cell carcinoma. The details like age, sex, habits and anatomical site were also recorded from the archived patient's case sheets. Results: Out of the total 1938 cases, 318 were found to be Oral squamous cell carcinoma of which 232 were males and 86 were females. Incidence was highest in 40-49 year age group. The most common site was buccal mucosa (190 cases), followed by tongue (68 cases). Most lesions were well differentiated Oral squamous cell carcinoma (230 cases). Patients with poorly differentiated lesions had a comparatively lower mean age than their counterparts with other histological varieties. Conclusion: The pattern of Oral squamous cell carcinoma differs from that of previous studies in relation to incidence and age correlation with the grade of carcinoma. The majority of the lesions were well differentiated. There is a need for intensive oral health awareness to encourage early presentation to cancer center as early detection will further enhance prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Surgical resection has been the principle treatment approach for early lesions as well as advanced stage carcinomas of upper aero digestive tract. Neck dissection is the primary treatment given to nodal metastasis of oral carcinomas. Choice of irradiation and chemotherapy post surgery relies heavily on the histopathological assessment of surgical margins of resected tumor, dissected lymph nodes and accessory tissues. Materials and Methods: A total of ten cases of head and neck carcinomas reported in two years period were analyzed. The tissues were assessed histopathologically for tumor grade, margin status, nodal metastasis and vascular invasion. Results: Out of the total 10 neck dissection specimens, eight cases were of Well Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma, one each of ameloblastic carcinoma and occult cancer with metastasis in cervical lymph nodes. In case of marginal clearance, two cases were negative, one case was of occult primary and seven cases had positive involvement at the margin, of which five cases demonstrated tumor component at <5mm from the surgical cut margin and two cases at >5mm. Concerning the nodal involvement, four cases were positive, five were negative, while in one case no lymph node was available for assessment. Among the accessory tissues received, submandibular gland and perinodal tissue involvement was seen in one case each whereas skin and muscle involvement was negative for tumor cells in all the cases. Conclusion: The emphasis is on the role of oral pathologists in assessment of such neck dissection specimens. The information provided would maximize treatment outcome and minimize recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]