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In this article, we study the majorization problem for the general class of functions with bounded radius rotation, which the authors introduced here. Furthermore, the coefficient bound for majorized functions associated with this class is derived. Consequently, we present new results as corollaries and point out relevant connections between the main results obtained from the ones in the literature.

This research explores the optimization of firewall systems within private cloud environments, specifically focusing on a 30-day evaluation of the Omni-Secure Firewall. Employing a multi-metric approach, the study introduces an innovative effectiveness metric (E) that amalgamates precision, recall, and redundancy considerations. The evaluation spans various machine learning models, including random forest, support vector machines, neural networks, k-nearest neighbors, decision tree, stochastic gradient descent, naive Bayes, logistic regression, gradient boosting, and AdaBoost. Benchmarking against service level agreement (SLA) metrics showcases the Omni-Secure Firewall’s commendable performance in meeting predefined targets. Noteworthy metrics include acceptable availability, target response time, efficient incident resolution, robust event detection, a low false-positive rate, and zero data-loss incidents, enhancing the system’s reliability and security, as well as user satisfaction. Performance metrics such as prediction latency, CPU usage, and memory consumption further highlight the system’s functionality, efficiency, and scalability within private cloud environments. The introduction of the effectiveness metric (E) provides a holistic assessment based on organizational priorities, considering precision, recall, F1 score, throughput, mitigation time, rule latency, and redundancy. Evaluation across machine learning models reveals variations, with random forest and support vector machines exhibiting notably high accuracy and balanced precision and recall. In conclusion, while the Omni-Secure Firewall System demonstrates potential, inconsistencies across machine learning models underscore the need for optimization. The dynamic nature of private cloud environments necessitates continuous monitoring and adjustment of security systems to fully realize benefits while safeguarding sensitive data and applications. The significance of this study lies in providing insights into optimizing firewall systems for private cloud environments, offering a framework for holistic security assessment and emphasizing the need for robust, reliable firewall systems in the dynamic landscape of private clouds. Study limitations, including the need for real-world validation and exploration of advanced machine learning models, set the stage for future research directions.

In our current study, we apply differential subordination and quantum calculus to introduce and investigate a new class of analytic functions associated with the q-differential operator and the symmetric balloon-shaped domain. We obtain sharp results concerning the Maclaurin coefficients the second and third-order Hankel determinants, the Zalcman conjecture, and its generalized conjecture for this newly defined class of q-starlike functions with respect to symmetric points.

In the present article, we prove the sharp upper bounds for the second order Hankel determinants |H2(1)|,|H2(2)| and related functionals |a2a3−a4|, |a2a5−a3a4| for q-starlike functions. An upper bound for the third order Hankel determinant |H3(1)| along with the sharp upper bounds for Toeplitz determinant |Tm(n)|, where (m,n)∈{(2,2),(2,3),(3,1),(3,2)} are attained. Many known results are also obtained as corollaries of our main results.

In this article, we define and discuss some new subclasses of bi-univalent functions associated with Fibonacci numbers and shell-like curves. We estimate the first two Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients for functions belonging to these classes. We study the inequalities related with Fekete-Szegö type. Furthermore, we point out some corollaries related to existing result.

In this paper, we first prove the q-version of Schwarz Pick’s lemma. This result improved the one presented earlier in the literature without proof. Using this novel result, we study the majorization problem for the q-general class of functions with bounded radius rotations, which we introduce here. In addition, the coefficient bound for majorized functions related to this class is derived. Relaxing the majorized condition on this general family, we obtain the estimate of coefficient bounds associated with the class. Consequently, we present new results as corollaries and point out relevant connections between the main results obtained from the ones in the literature.

Arsenic, the 20th most common element in Earth’s crust and historically regarded as the King of Poisons, occurs naturally in two oxidation states, Arsenate (V) and Arsenite (III), and is prevalent worldwide through natural and anthropogenic means. The cations of the metalloid exhibit unique chemical behaviour in water and are found to be components of approximately 245 natural minerals, making its occurrence in drinking water a compelling challenge, especially in groundwater. This comprehensive review collates information regarding the prevalence of arsenic contamination in water worldwide and its impact on human health, its chemical behaviour, methods for detection and quantification, and treatment strategies. A comprehensive search was conducted, and the selection of eligible studies was carried out using the PRISMA (the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guidelines. Essential characteristics of eligible research studies were extracted based on geographical areas, origins, concentration levels and the magnitude of populations vulnerable to arsenic contamination in groundwater sources. Arsenic contamination of water affects over 100 countries including Canada, the United States, Pakistan, China, India, Brazil and Bangladesh, where hydrogeological conditions favour prevalence and groundwater is the primary water source for food preparation, irrigation of food crops and drinking water. This leads to human exposure through absorption, ingestion and inhalation, causing numerous health disorders affecting nearly all systems within the human body, with acute and chronic toxicity including cancers. The presence of arsenic in water poses a considerable challenge to humanity, prompting scientists to devise diverse mitigation approaches categorized as (a) oxidation processes, (b) precipitation methods, (c) membrane technologies, (d) adsorption and ion exchange methods, and (e) social interventions. This comprehensive review is expected to be a valuable source for professionals in the water industry, public management, and policymaking, aiding their ongoing and future research and development efforts.

The research presented in this paper concerns the notion of geometric function theory called fuzzy differential subordination. Using the technique associated with fuzzy differential subordination, a new subclass of analytic functions related with the strongly Janowski-type functions is defined. The class is introduced by using a new operator defined by the convolution of the generalized Sălăgean differential operator and Choi integral linear operator. Certain inclusion relations are proved for this class by using the notion of fuzzy differential subordination. In addition, new fuzzy differential subordinations are obtained that characterize this class.

Abstract The origin of the diffuse gamma-ray background (DGRB), the one that remains after subtracting all individual sources from observed gamma-ray sky, is unknown. The DGRB possibly encompasses contributions from different source populations such as star-forming galaxies, starburst galaxies, active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, or galaxy clusters. Here, we combine cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations of clusters of galaxies with the propagation of cosmic rays (CRs) using Monte Carlo simulations, in the redshift range z ≤ 5.0, and show that the integrated gamma-ray flux from clusters can contribute up to 100% of the DGRB flux observed by Fermi-LAT above 100 GeV, for CRs spectral indices α = 1.5 − 2.5 and energy cutoffs $${E}_{\max }=1{0}^{16}-1{0}^{17}$$ E max = 1 0 16 − 1 0 17 eV. The flux is dominated by clusters with masses 1013 ≲ M/M ⊙ ≲ 1015 and redshift z ≲ 0.3. Our results also predict the potential observation of high-energy gamma rays from clusters by experiments like the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC), the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), and potentially the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA).

Over the last three decades, the environment has become a hotly discussed topic all over the world. The United Nations has set up seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to achieve a standard of sustainable practices in the world including both developed and developing countries. Among these goals, the environment is regarded as a primary concern for all countries. The purpose of this research is to identify potential environmental indicators and challenges in organizational settings. This paper specifically investigates the impact of sustainable leadership on the environment, both directly and indirectly, through environmental practices and sustainable culture. Using a sample of 306 organizational personnel and Partial Least Square (PLS) Structural Equation Model (SEM), the results reveal that Sustainable Leadership (SL) have a significant impact on environmental sustainability. The results also indicate that Environmental Practices (EP) and Sustainable Culture (SC) influence Green Performance (GP). Findings of this study reinforce the organization’s concern for environmental sustainability and suggest how organizations and institutions can improve the environment through sustainable leadership. This is the first research to not only empirically study the interaction of SL and GP, but also to throw light on the existing literature by investigating the mediating function of environmental practices and sustainable culture and the underlying relationship.

Objective: To determine the clinical significance sof Delta Neutrophil Index (DNI) in diagnosing sepsis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Pakistan Navy Ship, Shifa Hospital, Karachi from Jan to Jun 2020. Methodology: The study included one hundred and fifty patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) sadmitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU). Delta Neutrophil Index (DNI) is the difference in leukocyte sub-fractions recognized by myeloperoxidase reactive cells and nuclear lobularity channels. A specific blood cell analyzer measured DNI, and a cut-off of 2.7% was used to diagnose the sepsis. Positive blood culture was considered the gold standard. Results: The Delta Neutrophil Index (DNI) showed a sensitivity of 72.2% and a specificity of 97.6%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) was determined to be 0.82(0.81–0.94). The threshold efficiency was 2.5 per cent for the highest diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: As an early diagnostic measure for evaluating patients with septicemia, the Delta neutrophil index can be a reasonable and effective indicator and should be encouraged in regular screening programs. Keywords: Delta neutrophil index, Immature granulocyte, Infectious disease, Systemic inflammation, Sepsis

Clusters of galaxies possess the capability to accelerate cosmic rays (CRs) to very high energy up to ∼10 ^18 eV due to their large size and magnetic field strength, which favor CR confinement for cosmological times. During their confinement, they can produce neutrinos and γ- rays out of interactions with the background gas and photon fields. In recent work, Hussain et al. have conducted three-dimensional cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the turbulent intracluster medium combined with multidimensional Monte Carlo simulations of CR propagation for redshifts ranging from z ∼ 5 to z = 0 to study the multimessenger emission from these sources. They found that when CRs with a spectral index in the range 1.5–2.5 and cutoff energy ${E}_{\max }={10}^{16}\mbox{--}{10}^{17}$ eV are injected into the system, they make significant contributions to the diffuse background emission of both neutrinos and γ- rays. In this work, we have revisited this model and undertaken further constraints on the parametric space. This was achieved by incorporating the recently established upper limits on neutrino emission from galaxy clusters, as obtained by the IceCube experiment. We find that for CRs injected with spectral indices in the range 2.0–2.5, cutoff energy ${E}_{\max }={10}^{16}\mbox{--}{10}^{17}$ eV, and power corresponding to (0.1–1)% of the cluster luminosity, our neutrino flux aligns with the upper limits estimated by IceCube. Additionally, the resulting contribution from clusters to the diffuse γ -ray background remains significant with values of the order of ∼10 ^−5 MeV cm ^−2 s ^−1 sr ^−1 at energies above 500 GeV.

One of the fundamental parts of Geometric Function Theory is the study of analytic functions in different domains with critical geometrical interpretations. This article defines a new generalized domain obtained based on the quotient of two analytic functions. We derive various properties of the new class of normalized analytic functions X defined in the new domain, including the sharp estimates for the coefficients a2,a3, and a4, and for three second-order and third-order Hankel determinants, H2,1X,H2,2X, and H3,1X. The optimality of each obtained estimate is given as well.

In this paper, we will discuss some generalized classes of analytic functions related with conic domains in the context of q-calculus. In this work, we define and explore Janowski type q-starlike functions in q -conic domains. We investigate some important properties such as necessary and sufficient conditions, coefficient estimates, convolution results, linear combination, weighted mean, arithmetic mean, radii of starlikeness, growth and distortion results for these classes. It is important to mention that our results are generalization of number of existing results.

In the current article, we utilize the concept of subordination to establish a new subclass of analytic functions associated with a bounded domain that is symmetric about the real axis. By applying the convolution technique, we derive the necessary and sufficient condition, the radius of convexity for this recently introduced class. Furthermore, we prove the sharp upper bounds for the second-order Hankel determinants |H2,1ξ|,|H2,2ξ| and third-order Hankel determinant |H3,1ξ| for the functions ξ belonging to the newly defined class.

In this article, we use the q-derivative operator and the principle of subordination to define a new subclass of analytic functions related to the q-Ruscheweyh operator. Sufficient conditions, sharp bounds for the initial coefficients, a Fekete–Szegö functional and a Toeplitz determinant are investigated for this new class of functions. Additionally, we also present several established consequences derived from our primary findings.

Inspired essentially by the excellence of the implementations of the Mittag-Leffler functions in numerous areas of science and engineering, the authors present, in a unified manner, a detailed account of the Mittag-Leffler function and generalized Mittag-Leffler functions and their interesting and useful characteristics. Besides that, we have used generalized Mittag-Leffler functions to define some novel classes associated with bounded boundary and bounded radius rotations. Moreover, several inclusion relations and radius results, along with some integral preserving properties of these newly constructed classes have been investigated. Our derived results are analogous to some of those already present in the literature. The results showed that the proposed findings procedure is dependable and meticulous in presenting the tendencies of subordination, super-ordination and fractional operators techniques.

In this work, we aimed to establish subgroups of clinical severity in a global cohort of β-thalassemia through unsupervised random forest (RF) clustering. We used a large global dataset of 7910 β-thalassemia patients and evaluated 19 indicators of phenotype severity (IPhS) to determine their contribution and relatedness in grouping β-thalassemia patients into clusters using RF analysis. RF clustering suggested that three clusters with minimal overlapping exist (classification error rate: 4.3%), and six important IPhS were identified: the current age of the patient, the mean serum ferritin level, the age at diagnosis, the age at first transfusion, the age at first iron chelation, and the number of complications. Cluster 3 represented patients with early initiation of transfusion and iron chelation, considerable iron overload, and early mortality from heart failure. Patients in Cluster 2 had lower serum ferritin levels, although they had a higher number of complications manifesting overtime. Patients in Cluster 1 represented a subgroup with delayed or absent transfusion and iron chelation, but with a high morbidity rate. Hepatic disease and cancer were dominant causes of death in patients in Cluster 1 and 2. Our findings established that patients with β-thalassemia can be clustered into three groups based on six parameters of phenotype severity.

In this paper, for the first time, we apply symmetric $ q $ -calculus operator theory to define symmetric Salagean $ q $-differential operator. We introduce a new class $ \widetilde{\mathcal{H}}_{q}^{m}\left(\alpha \right) $ of harmonic univalent functions $ f $ associated with newly defined symmetric Salagean $ q $-differential operator for complex harmonic functions. A sufficient coefficient condition for the functions $ f $ to be sense preserving and univalent and in the same class is obtained. It is proved that this coefficient condition is necessary for the functions in its subclass $ \overline{\widetilde{\mathcal{H}}_{q}^{m}\left(\alpha \right) } $ and obtain sharp coefficient bounds, distortion theorems and covering results. Furthermore, we also highlight some known consequence of our main results.

The early effects of the global climate change have been extensively studied but future effects on ecological health, human, domestic animal, and wildlife health, however, are significantly less well understood. Due to climate change, ancient bacteria and viruses that have laid asleep for thousands of years are reawakening as permafrost soils that have frozen for several thousands of years, melt. 218 of the 375 infectious diseases that humanity has faced over the planet have at some point been made worse by climatic dangers. Empirical cases showed 1,006 distinct ways that climatic risks, through various modes of transmission, led to deadly diseases. For complete societal adaptations to be effective there are too many human pathogenic diseases and modes of transmission that are exacerbated by climate hazards. This underscores the urgent need to address the root cause of the issue, which is reducing Green House Gas emissions. In addition to releasing these toxic chemicals, thawing permafrost also poses a health risk because it could release a variety of hibernating diseases, including novel and previously unidentified antibiotic-resistant bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Our immune system is underdeveloped and will need to undergo major adaptation, known as allostasis, which is also referred to as permafrost immunity. Climate change, for instance, may result in a wide range of microbiological, vector, and host reactions, while not all organisms may react in the same way or over the same amount of time. Unfortunately, our scientific community has a fairly limited grasp of the current effectors and balances for many creatures and ecosystems, making it difficult to characterize the current condition, let alone to verify predictions for the future. It is clear that improved basic systematic surveillance and research programs are required, but implementing such programs is challenging and what is done during the coming years could be crucial.

Pakistan is the fifth most populous country with a population of 225 million and has health expenditure accounting for only 2.8 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). Accordingly, there are a limited number of haematology-oncology and transplant centers in the country. The Pakistan Blood and Marrow Transplant (PBMT) group was established in 2020, and this report is the first activity survey from January 2021 to December 2022 focusing on the trends of matched-related donor, haploidentical, and autologous transplants in a developing country. A total of 12 transplant centers contributed data on the modified PBMT survey form retrospectively and 806 haematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs) were carried out during the study duration. Allogeneic HSCT constituted 595 (73.8%) of all the transplants; this is in stark contrast to Western data, where autologous HSCT accounts for the majority of transplants. ß-thalassemia major and aplastic anemia were the commonest indications for allogeneic HSCT, in contrast to Western data, where acute leukemia is the leading transplant indication. Autologous transplants were more frequently performed for Hodgkin’s lymphoma as compared to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and multiple myeloma. The use of peripheral and bone marrow stem cells was comparable. A myeloablative conditioning regimen was routinely used in patients with acute leukemia. This report provides an insight of HSCT trends in Pakistan which are different from those of Western centers contributing to transplant data from South Asia.

In this work, we provide a phenomenological description of the population of galactic TeV pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) based on suitable assumptions for their space and luminosity distribution. We constrain the general features of this population by assuming that it accounts for the majority of bright sources observed by H.E.S.S. Namely, we determine the maximal luminosity and fading time of PWNe (or, equivalently, the initial period and magnetic field of the pulsar powering the observed emission) by performing a statistical analysis of bright sources in the H.E.S.S. galactic plane survey. This allows us to estimate the total luminosity and flux produced by galactic TeV PWNe. We also evaluate the cumulative emission from PWNe that cannot be resolved by H.E.S.S., showing that this contribution can be as large as ∼40% of the total flux from resolved sources. We argue that also in the GeV domain, a relevant fraction of this population cannot be resolved by Fermi-LAT, providing a non-negligible contribution to the large-scale diffuse emission in the inner galaxy. This additional component could naturally account for a large part of the spectral index variation observed by Fermi-LAT, weakening the evidence of cosmic ray spectral hardening in the inner galaxy. Finally, the same result is obtained for PeV energy, for which the sum of the diffuse component, due to unresolved PWNe, and the truly diffuse emission well saturates the recent Tibet AS-γ data, without the need to introduce a progressive hardening of the cosmic-ray spectrum toward the galactic centre.

Objective: To determine the frequency of Del 13q14 in Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, to compare its association with clinicpathologic features and to define the contribution of this abnormality to the prognosis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre and Oncology department, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Apr 2017 to Jul 2018. Methodology: A total of 56 newly diagnosed cases of CLL were included in the study. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of National Cancer Institute Working Group guidelines for diagnosis of CLL. After detailed history and thorough clinical examination; complete blood counts, biochemical profile, bone marrow examination, immunophenotyping on bone marrow or peripheral blood samples were done and Interphase FISH studies on blood or bone marrow specimens for detection of Del 13q14 were performed. Clinico-pathological features of CLL patients with Del 13q14 were compared with other cytogenetic abnormalities. Results: The frequency of Trisomy 12 was found to be 37.5%. Most of CLL patients with Del 13q14 were aymptomatic and were diagnosed on routine workup. The WBC count and Absolute lymphocyte count was slightly lower in patients with Del13 q14 lower when compared with the CLL patients without 13q14 Deletion. Most of the patients with this aberration presented in early stage (Binet stage A) and this association of Del 13q14 with Binet stage was statistically significant (p

In this paper our aim is to study some valuable problems dealing with newly defined subclass of multivalent $q$-starlike functions. These problems include the initial coefficient estimates, Toeplitz matrices, Hankel determinant, Fekete-Szego problem, upper bounds of the functional $\left \vert a_{p+1}-\mu a_{p+1}^{2}\right \vert $ for the subclass of multivalent $q$-starlike functions. As applications we study a $% q $-Bernardi integral operator for a subclass of multivalent $q$-starlike functions. Furthermore, we also highlight some known consequence of our main results.

Ice accumulation on brass surfaces can lead to heat transfer inefficiency, equipment degradation, and potential accidents. To address this issue, superhydrophobic surface technology is utilized. This work aims to develop superhydrophobic nanostructured brass surfaces using the combination of nanolaser ablation and the deposition of silica nanoparticles to achieve the anti-icing property. Four distinct types of brass surfaces namely, the bare surface (BS), the lasered surface (LS), the coated surface (CS), and the coated-lasered surface (CLS) were prepared. The anti-icing performances of the fabricated samples including the effects of the surface structure, the droplet size, and the surface temperature were investigated and evaluated. The results showed that the delayed icing time increased with the increases in the apparent contact angle, the droplet size, and the surface temperature. When the apparent contact angle increased, the contact area between the droplet and the cooling substrate reduced, leading to the longer delayed icing time. With the deposition of silica nanoparticles and nanolaser treatment, CLS achieved the greatest apparent contact angle of 164.5°, resulting in the longest delayed icing time under all experimental conditions. The longest delayed icing time on CLS recorded in this study was 2584 s, which was 575%, 356%, and 27% greater than those on BS, LS, and CS, respectively. The study also revealed that the surface structure played a more crucial role in achieving the anti-icing property when compared to the surface temperature or the droplet size. The shortest delayed icing time on CLS at the lowest surface temperature and at the smallest droplet size was longer than those on BS and LS at all conditions. The results were also discussed in relation to a heat transfer model. The findings of this research can serve as an avenue for advancing knowledge on heat transfer enhancement and energy efficiency.

The main objective of this paper is to study a new family of analytic functions that are q-starlike with respect to m-symmetrical points and subordinate to the q-Janowski function. We investigate inclusion results, sufficient conditions, coefficients estimates, bounds for Fekete–Szego functional |a3−μa22| and convolution properties for the functions belonging to this new class. Several consequences of main results are also obtained.

In this article, we use the concept of symmetric q-calculus and convolution in order to define a symmetric q-differential operator for multivalent functions. This operator is an extension of the classical Ruscheweyh differential operator. By using the technique of differential subordination, we derive several interesting applications of the newly defined operator for multivalent functions.

In this paper, we investigate the geometric properties of Jackson and Hahn-Exton q-Bessel functions and perform their normalization for the analyticity in open unit disk E. By applying normalized Jackson and Hahn-Exton q-Bessel functions and idea of convolution we introduce a new operator and define new family of subclasses of analytic functions related with generalized conic domain. For these subclasses of analytic functions, we investigate inclusion relations and integral preserving properties. Also we will use q-Bernardi integral operator to discuss some applications of our main results.

The investigation of univalent functions is one of the fundamental ideas of Geometric function theory (GFT). However, the class of these functions cannot be investigated as a whole for some particular kind of problems. As a result, the study of its subclasses has been receiving numerous attentions. In this direction, subfamilies of the class of univalent functions that map the open unit disc onto the domain bounded by limaçon of Pascal were recently introduced in the literature. Due to the several applications of this domain in Mathematics, Statistics (hypothesis testing problem) and Engineering (rotary fluid processing machines such as pumps, compressors, motors and engines.), continuous investigation of these classes are of interest in this article. To this end, the family of functions for which $ \frac{\varsigma f^{\prime}(\varsigma)}{f(\varsigma)} $ and $ \frac{(\varsigma f^{\prime}(\varsigma))^{\prime}}{f^{\prime}(\varsigma)} $ map open unit disc onto region bounded by limaçon are studied. Coefficients bounds, Fekete Szeg $ \ddot{ \rm{o}} $ inequalities and the bounds of the third Hankel determinants are derived. Furthermore, the sharp radius for which the classes are linked to each other and to the notable subclasses of univalent functions are found. Finally, the idea of subordination is utilized to obtain some results for functions belonging to these classes.

In China Hubei province, Wuhan was recognized as the focus of an epidemic of pneumonia of unidentified origin in December 2019. Ultimately, intense focus on the disease was raised worldwide and in China. as a result, on January 7, 2020, Chinese research scientists identified the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in an affected patient in Wuhan. Beta thalassemia is a congenital hereditary disorder of inefficient erythropoiesis that leads to peripheral red cell breakdown due to defective β-globin series. The severity of the disease depends on multiple genetic and environmental factors. Individuals with beta-thalassemia are classified based on their transfusion demands as having transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) or non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT). Routine transfusion remains the recommended standard management for beta-thalassemia, as it efficiently controls the thalassemia symptoms. If left untreated, Beta thalassemia major (BTM) can eventually induce spleen enlargement, deformation of bone because of bone marrow growth, and heart failure as a result of severe anemia.3, 4, 5, 6

In this work, we introduce and explore certain new subclasses of meromorphic functions. We aim to study some important properties such as coefficient estimates, growth rate and partial sums for these newly defined subclasses. It is important to mentioned that our results are generalization of number of existing results.

Abstract In this paper, geodesic motion of the charged particles in the vicinity of event horizon of Schwarzschild anti-de-Sitter black hole (BH) with topological defects has been investigated. Weakly magnetized environment is considered in the surrounding of BH which only effects the motion of the particles and doesn’t effect the geometry of the BH. Hence, particles are under the influence of gravity and electromagnetic forces. We have explored the effect of magnetic field on the trajectories of the particles and more importantly on the position of the innermost stable circular orbit. It is observed that the trajectories of the particles in the surrounding of BH are chaotic. Escape conditions of the particles under the influence of gravitomagnetic force are also discussed. Moreover, the escape velocity of particles and its different features have been investigated in the presence and absence of magnetic field. Effect of dark energy on the size of event horizon, mass of the BH and stability of the orbits of the particles have also been explored in detail. These studies can be used to estimate the power of relativistic jets originated from the vicinity of BH.

In the present paper, we investigate a majorization problem for the class $% M_{\alpha ,\beta }^{\nu ,j}(\eta ,\varkappa ;A,B)$ of meromorphic functions and the class $N_{\alpha ,\beta }^{\nu ,j}(\theta,b;A,B)$ of meromorphic spirllike functions related with a convolution operator. We extend the results existing in literature for higher order derivative. Several consequences of the main results in the form of corollaries are also pointed out.

In this paper, the concepts of quantum (or q-) calculus and conic regions are combined to define a new domain Ωk,q,γ which represents the generalized conic regions. Then by using a certain generalized conic domain Ωk,q,γ we define and investigate a new subclass of normalized analytic functions in open unit disk E. We also investigate a number of useful properties and characteristics of this subclass such as, structural formula, necessary and sufficient condition, coefficient estimates, Feketo-Szego problem, distortion inequalities, closure theorem, and subordination result. We also highlight some known consequences of our main results as corollaries.

The quantum (or q-) calculus is widely applied in various operators which include the q-difference (q-derivative) operator, and this operator plays an important role in geometric function theory (GFT) as well as in the theory of hypergeometric series. In our present investigation, we introduce and study q-differential operator associated with q-Mittag–Leffler function which is an extension of the Salagean q-differential operator. By using this newly defined operator, we define a new subclass of analytic function and studied certain subclass of analytic function in generalized conic domain Ωk,q,γ. For this class, we investigate structural formula, coefficient estimates, sufficient condition, Fekete–Szegö problem, and also some subordination results.

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a new subclass of bi-univalent functions related with generating function of Gegenbauer polynomials. We will mainly find bounds on Maclaurin series coefficients for functions belonging to this class. We also study the famous Fekete-Szegö type problem for this subclass which is obtained. We will also point out many special cases as corollaries.

In the recent past, various new subclasses of normalized harmonic functions have been defined in open unit disk U which satisfy second-order and third-order differential inequalities. Here, in this study, we define a new class of normalized harmonic functions in open unit disk U which is satisfying a fourth-order differential inequality. We investigate some useful results such as close-to-convexity, coefficient bounds, growth estimates, sufficient coefficient condition, and convolution for the functions belonging to this new class of harmonic functions. In addition, under convex combination and convolution of its members, we prove that this new class is closed, and we also give some lemmas to prove our main results.

Geometric function theory combines geometric tools and their applications for information and communication analysis. It is also successfully used in the field of advanced signals, image processing, machine learning, speech and sound recognition. Various new subclasses of analytic functions have been defined using quantum calculus to investigate many interesting properties of these subclasses. This article defines a new class of q-starlike functions in the open symmetric unit disc ∇ using symmetric quantum calculus. Extreme points for this class as well as coefficient estimates and closure theorems have been investigated. By fixing several coefficients finitely, all results were generalized into families of analytic functions.

Fractional calculus has a number of applications in the field of science, specially in mathematics. In this paper, we discuss some applications of fractional differential operators in the field of geometric function theory. Here, we combine the fractional differential operator and the Mittag-Leffler functions to formulate and arrange a new operator of fractional calculus. We define a new class of normalized analytic functions by means of a newly defined fractional operator and discuss some of its interesting geometric properties in open unit disk.

Business organizations experience cut-throat competition in the e-commerce era, where a smart organization needs to come up with faster innovative ideas to enjoy competitive advantages. A smart user decides from the review information of an online product. Data-driven smart machine learning applications use real data to support immediate decision making. Web scraping technologies support supplying sufficient relevant and up-to-date well-structured data from unstructured data sources like websites. Machine learning applications generate models for in-depth data analysis and decision making. The Internet Movie Database (IMDB) is one of the largest movie databases on the internet. IMDB movie information is applied for statistical analysis, sentiment classification, genre-based clustering, and rating-based clustering with respect to movie release year, budget, etc., for repository dataset. This paper presents a novel clustering model with respect to two different rating systems of IMDB movie data. This work contributes to the three areas: (i) the “grey area” of web scraping to extract data for research purposes; (ii) statistical analysis to correlate required data fields and understanding purposes of implementation machine learning, (iii) k-means clustering is applied for movie critics rank (Metascore) and users’ star rank (Rating). Different python libraries are used for web data scraping, data analysis, data visualization, and k-means clustering application. Only 42.4% of records were accepted from the extracted dataset for research purposes after cleaning. Statistical analysis showed that votes, ratings, Metascore have a linear relationship, while random characteristics are observed for income of the movie. On the other hand, experts’ feedback (Metascore) and customers’ feedback (Rating) are negatively correlated (−0.0384) due to the biasness of additional features like genre, actors, budget, etc. Both rankings have a nonlinear relationship with the income of the movies. Six optimal clusters were selected by elbow technique and the calculated silhouette score is 0.4926 for the proposed k-means clustering model and we found that only one cluster is in the logical relationship of two rankings systems.

Objective: To assess the problem of unlicensed practitioners and quacks in Sindh, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 29 districts of Sindh province in Pakistan from December 2019 to January 2020. Initial data available with Sindh Health Department about locations where quacks were practicing was used to identify unlicensed practitioners. A structured questionnaire was developed which contained information about certification of practitioners and an observational checklist was developed to assess infection prevention and control practices (IPC) and injection safety. Results: A total of 4315 private practitioners were inspected out of which 3022 (70%) were unlicensed health practitioners belonging to different categories. Within the six surveyed divisions of Sindh, the highest proportion of unlicensed practitioners were documented in Shaheed Benazirabad division (n=739; 24.5%) followed by Hyderabad (n=599; 19.8%). In Mirpur Khas, there were 510 (16.9%), in Karachi 310 (10.3%), in Sukkur 484 (16%) and in Larkana there were 380 (12.6%) unlicensed practitioners. Poor IPC was observed in 89.4% (3861/4315) of all health providers. Reuse of syringes and intravenous drip sets was observed among 78.7% (1916/2432) of the untrained providers across the province. It was also found that 155 MBBS doctors had given their names on rent to be used as a signboard outside the clinics of some of the unlicensed practitioners. Continuous...

Objective: To determine the frequency of hyperdiploidy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its association with remission status after induction therapy. Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) and Pediatric Oncology Department Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Rawalpindi, from Apr 2017 to Apr 2018. Patients and Methods: All diagnosed cases of ALL between 1-12 years of age were selected by convenient nonprobability sampling. All other cases of leukemias including patients of acute undifferentiated leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia and patients of ALL who did not yield successful cytogenetic culture or those who died during the induction therapy were excluded from the study. Diagnosis of ALL was done on the basis of morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping and cytogenetics. Cytogenetic analysis was done by using conventional Giemsa banding. Karyotypes were interpreted using the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN). On the basis of cytogenetics two groups were made one with hyperdiploidy and another without hyperdiploidy. Hyperdiploidy was defined as chromosomes >46. All patients of childhood ALL were treated with ‘UK ALL 2011’ protocol and their remission status was assessed after 1 month of induction therapy by bone marrow examination. Remission status of 2 groups of ALL with and without hyperdiploidy were compared by using chi square test Results: Out of total 80 patients of ALL, 62 (77.5%) yielding successful cytogenetic culture were included in the study. Mean age at diagnosis was 5.6 ± 2.9 years and male to female ratio was 2.4:1. Analytical immunocytometry revealed 58 (93.5%) as B-ALL while 4 (6.55%) were T-ALL. Hyperdiploidy was detected in 19 (30.6%) and t (9:22) (q34:31) in 1 (1.6%). In all other patients no cytogenetic abnormality was detected. Out of 62 patients, Overall complete haematological remission (CHR) was achieved in 47 (75.8%). Out of 19, patients with hyperdiploidy 18 (94.7%) achieved CHR, as compared to other group without hyperdiploidy in which 29 (67.4%) achieved CHR. The difference was statistically significant (p-value 0.021). Conclusion: Remission rate was 94.7% in patients of childhood ALL with hyperdiploidy. Patients with hyperdiploidy achieve higher CHR rate as compared to patients without hyperdiploidy.

In the present investigation, subclasses of analytic functions with respect to symmetrical points which are defined by the generalized Bessel functions of the first kind of order μ are introduced. Furthermore, some alluring geometric properties of these classes, which include inclusion property, integral-preserving properties, coefficients, and distortion results are studied. Moreover, some consequences of our results are also given.

Most subclasses of univalent functions are characterized with functions that map open unit disc ∇ onto the right-half plane. This concept was later modified in the literature with those mappings that conformally map ∇ onto a circular domain. Many researchers were inspired with this modification, and as such, several articles were written in this direction. On this note, we further modify this idea by relating certain subclasses of univalent functions with those that map ∇ onto a sector in the circular domain. As a result, conditions for univalence, radius results, growth rate, and several inclusion relations are obtained for these novel classes. Overall, many consequences of findings show the validity of our investigation.

In this present paper, we introduce and explore certain new classes of uniformly convex and starlike functions related to the Liu–Owa integral operator. We explore various properties and characteristics, such as coefficient estimates, rate of growth, distortion result, radii of close-to-convexity, starlikeness, convexity, and Hadamard product. It is important to mention that our results are a generalization of the number of existing results in the literature.

The present study is to explore the factors and reasons behind public proneness towards quacks in the rural areas of Sindh, Pakistan and to manifest the public on how these quacks are duping vulnerable and quackery-prone peoples for financial gain which may induce human lives in life-threatening health conditions. The study also interprets a better understanding of the public needs, especially in the rural areas of the Sindh that may give a hope for deliverance from quacks.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the predictive potential of XN-HPC for CD34+ cell count as obtained through Sysmex automated hematology analyzers (XN-1000). METHODS: This study was conducted at the National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation in 84 donors between December 2012 and December 2017 in the first phase and later validated in 112 donors between December 2017 and December 2018. Sysmex XN-1000 and BD FACS Calibur estimated XN-HPC and CD34+ cells of peripheral blood apheresis product, respectively. Spearman's correlation was assessed between XN-HPC and CD34+ cell count followed by receiver operating characteristic curve calculation to determine the XN-HPC cutoff for a CD34+ count of ≥2 million cells/kg of recipient's body weight RESULTS: There is a moderately positive correlation (P value = .003) between XN-HPC and CD34+ count. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated that a cutoff value for XN-HPC of ≥1·845×106cells/kg of recipient's body weight has a specificity and sensitivity of 100% and 78·2%, respectively, for predicting the CD34+ count of ≥2 million cells/kg of recipient's body weight. This cutoff value of XN-HPC was prospectively validated in 112 donors. The positive predictive value was found to be 100%, while negative predictive value was 17%. CONCLUSION: XN-HPC has a highly promising potential to serve as a cost-effective and time-saving surrogate for CD34+ cell count.

The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is one of the major challenges in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) production. Fluopyram, known to be an effective fungicide, is also used for controlling root-knot nematode. However, in China, little information is currently available regarding the efficacy of fluopyram via chemigation against root-knot nematode and its effects on soil properties. For this, the objective of this work was to test mortality of root-knot nematode, functional diversity of soil microbial community, activity of soil enzyme after fluopyram applicated by chemigation. The results of two field experiments revealed that concentration of 60 g·ha-1 fluopyram applied with 200 L·ha-1 irrigation water at 2 L·h-1 flow velocity was the most effective chemigation parameters for controlling eggplant against root-knot nematode. The functional diversity of the soil microbial community was significantly affected by fluopyram. The activities of soil urease and β-glucosidase decreased during the initial stages but recovered at later stages. In brief, fluopyram has advantageous for the efficient control of root-knot nematode with no deleterious effects on soil properties as well as chemigation is positive for application in karst landscape in Guangxi.

Inequalities play a fundamental role in many branches of mathematics and particularly in real analysis. By using inequalities, we can find extrema, point of inflection, and monotonic behavior of real functions. Subordination and quasisubordination are important tools used in complex analysis as an alternate of inequalities. In this article, we introduce and systematically study certain new classes of meromorphic functions using quasisubordination and Bessel function. We explore various inequalities related with the famous Fekete-Szego inequality. We also point out a number of important corollaries.