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Background and Aims: Alpha (α-2) adrenergic agonists have both analgesic and sedative properties when used as an adjuvant in regional anesthesia. A prospective randomized double-blind study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of epidural route and to compare the efficacy and clinical profile of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine with special emphasis on their quality of analgesia, sedation and the ability to provide the smooth intra-operative and postoperative course. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in prospective, randomized and double-blind manner. It included 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I and II patients undergoing lower limb surgery under epidural anesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into Group A receiving 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine 15 ml with dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg and Group B receiving 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine 15 ml with clonidine 2 μg/kg epidurally. Onset and duration of sensory and motor blocks, duration of analgesia, sedation, and adverse effects were assessed. Results: Demographic data, surgical characteristics cardio-respiratory parameters, side-effect profile were comparable and statistically not significant in both the groups. However, sedation scores with dexmedetomidine were better than clonidine and turned out to be statistically significant. The onset times for sensory and motor blocks were significantly shorter in Group A as compared to Group B. The duration of analgesia and motor block was significantly longer in A Group as compared to Group B. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is a superior neuraxial adjuvant to bupivacaine when compared to clonidine for early onset of analgesia, superior intra-operative analgesia, stable cardio-respiratory parameters, prolonged postoperative analgesia and providing patient comfort.

Summary: For the humanity to the whole and all the creatures of this world, the underground water is the greatest resource to rely upon that highly forms an indispensable factor toward augmented livelihood. In spite of the lack of detailed knowledge, global warming is found to profoundly influence underground water resources through changes in underground water recharge. Prediction of the underground water under a changing climate is essential to living beings. In this article, underground water prediction using optimal deep neural networks (optimal DNN) has been attempted. Initially, the features of temperature and rainfall among the input data have been selected and after which, the chosen data have been fed to the DNN to predict the underground water. In DNN, weight parameters are optimally selected with the help of fish swarm optimization (FSO). The implementation has been done on MATLAB. The simulation results found that the proposed FSO‐DNN prediction approach outperforms the existing prediction approaches by 78.9% accuracy, 83% sensitivity, 88% specificity, 95.8% positive predictive values, 52.3% negative predictive values, and 95.8% F‐measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scaling down and energy improvement of sensors opens up additional opportunities in the field of Health observing by utilizing sensors are equipped for recording imperative boundaries during rest in a basic and unpretentious way. To dissect rest design and rest issues, nonstop checking of developments and cardio respiratory boundaries in high goal is of focal significance. In this undertaking sensor gadget dependent on impedance plethysmography (IPG) is introduced, which can ceaselessly screen cardiovascular boundaries at the wrist. The sensor is intended to acknowledge high goal estimations as long as 48 hours continually. Estimations during rest show that up to 98% of the beat stretches are accurately recognized besides, the correlation of the pulse inconstancy (HRV) boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twitter bots are bots which interacts with twitter as an automated user account using an Application Programming Interface (API). The social bots are programmed to carry out duties usually linked with human actions, such as liking tweets, following users, direct messaging (DM) other users and most significantly, they can tweet information, and re-tweet anything posed by a particular set of users or attributing a dstinct hashtag. Most of them are utilized to carry out cardinal tasks, like tweet about natural disasters in a crucial period of time and play a major role as component part of a cautionary system. In scenarios including the chances of an important event, however, policy-making or otherwise, they are usually utilized to create a huge impact in special content by diffusing news at a pace that is not manageable with human users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, working in tunnels is a dangerous work. So, our robots can help us to overcome employees' lives. In the previous system the robots and software cannot run through rugged surfaces. This paper analyzes that the robot design is capable to get the better of existing system. This robot contains four wheeled motor to move efficiently over the irregular surface in underground. It is furnished with sensors for sensing fatal gases and cameras for capturing the live. At last, we use python-uv4l package and Arduino-ide to run the vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

World is updating itself digitally and automatic in the means of technology. Accident occurs daily, as per the information from internet and newspaper accident is caused due to two main reasons first is due to loss of concentration of drivers and second is due to crossing the limits in the terms of speed and distance of the vehicle. In order to prevent the accident this idea or prototype will act as a solution. Our idea will calculate the two parameters of the vehicle. The first parameter is the speed of the vehicle and the second parameter is the distance between the adjacent vehicles based on these two parameters we created a simple if-else algorithm to give the alert to the person. Another parameter drowsiness is calculated with the help of sensor in order to indicate the driver whether he/she feels sleepy in order to prevent the accident.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectrum detecting is the essential and crucial mechanisms of cognitive radio (CR) to the invention the unemployed spectrum. CR system has been suggested as a conceivable resolution for enhancing the spectrum use by empowering unprincipled spectrum sharing. The principal prerequisite for enabling CR to utilize authorized range on an optional premise is not making interfering to primary users. The principal goal of CR is to use rare and limited natural resource efficiently with no obstruction to the primary users (PUs). This work presents an overview of CR architecture, discusses the characteristics and benefits of a CR. Energy identification, matched channel filter detection, and cyclostationary recognitions are most conventional techniques for spectrum sensing. The explanation behind picking energy detection procedure, it did not need any previous info from the primary user transmission. Additionally, the particular result of energy detection technique corrupts with a lower sign to noise ratio (SNR) level signal area. General detection performance of energy detection exceptionally depends upon noise, mainly while the SNR is low for PU. To consider this issue, this paper shows a remarkable, augmented threshold model for efficient energy detection procedure to improve the detection execution at low SNR level. The simulation results demonstrate the energy detection performance utilizing proposed system model is excellent than a fixed threshold at low SNR signal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Central venous pressure (CVP) measurement is essential in the management of certain clinical situations, including cardiac failure, volume overload and sepsis. CVP measurement requires catheterization of the central vein which is invasive and may lead to complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of measurement of CVP using a new noninvasive method based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in a group of cardiac surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients.Methodology: Thirty patients in cardiac surgical ICU were enrolled in the study who had an in situ central venous catheter (CVC). Sixty measurements were recorded in 1 h for each patient. A total of 1800 values were compared between noninvasive CVP (CVPn) obtained from Mespere VENUS 2000 CVP system and invasive CVP (CVPi) obtained from CVC.Results: Strong positive correlation was found between CVPi and CVPn (R = 0.9272, P < 0.0001). Linear regression equation - CVPi = 0.5404 + 0.8875 × CVPn (r2 = 0.86, P < 0.001), Bland-Altman bias plots showed mean difference ± standard deviation and limits of agreement: -0.31 ± 1.36 and - 2.99 to + 2.37 (CVPi-CVPn).Conclusion: Noninvasive assessment of the CVP based on NIRS yields readings consistently close to those measured invasively. CVPn may be a clinically useful substitute for CVPi measurements with an advantage of being simple and continuous. It is a promising tool for early management of acute state wherein knowledge of CVP is helpful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Alpha (a-2) adrenergic agonists have both analgesic and sedative properties when used as an adjuvant in regional anesthesia. A prospective randomized double-blind study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of epidural route and to compare the efficacy and clinical profile of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine with special emphasis on their quality of analgesia, sedation and the ability to provide the smooth intra-operative and postoperative course. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in prospective, randomized and double-blind manner. It included 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I and II patients undergoing lower limb surgery under epidural anesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into Group A receiving 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine 15 ml with dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg and Group B receiving 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine 15 ml with clonidine 2 µg/kg epidurally. Onset and duration of sensory and motor blocks, duration of analgesia, sedation, and adverse effects were assessed. Results: Demographic data, surgical characteristics cardio-respiratory parameters, side-effect profile were comparable and statistically not significant in both the groups. However, sedation scores with dexmedetomidine were better than clonidine and turned out to be statistically significant. The onset times for sensory and motor blocks were significantly shorter in Group A as compared to Group B. The duration of analgesia and motor block was significantly longer in A Group as compared to Group B. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is a superior neuraxial adjuvant to bupivacaine when compared to clonidine for early onset of analgesia, superior intra-operative analgesia, stable cardio-respiratory parameters, prolonged postoperative analgesia and providing patient comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine secreting neuroendocrine tumours arising from chromaffin cells of the sympathetic nervous system in the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal paraganglia. A 20-years-old female presented with paroxysms of abdominal pain, palpitation, sweating and headache since last 2 years. Pheochromocytoma was confirmed by 24 hour urinary catecholamine level and CT of abdomen. After three weeks of preparation, tumour was excised. The following discussion outlines current approaches to preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative anaesthetic management of patients suffering from pheochromocytoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]