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Social media is used by billions of people around the world and has fast become one of the defining technologies over time. Globally, the total number of social media users is estimated to grow to 3.29 billion users in 2022, which will be 42.3% of the world’s population (eMarketer 2018). Given the massive potential audience available who are spending many hours a day using social media across the various platforms, it is not surprising that marketers have included social media as a marketing channel for their integrated modern marketing campaigns. Online Marketing has created new opportunities for businesses to come in contact with their customers, business partners, and suppliers in unique ways and also to improve their internal operations. Effective use of social media can bring great opportunities for businesses, but will require some thought and planning. The present paper throws light on the opportunities and challenges available to organisations with the use of various media tools and websites.

The aim of our presented study is to assess the effect of Rhizome extract of Iris pseudacorus L. and seed extract of Dolichos biflorus L. as preventive agent in experimentally induced urolithiasis model in rats. Rats were administered Sodium Oxalate (70 mg/kg, i. p.) in drinking water for 28 days in drinking water. In addition to this, Saponin extract of Iris pseudacorus and Dolichos biflorus of low dose and high dose were administered along with Sodium Oxalate on 14-28th day. After the experimental period, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture to analyse for Creatinine, Calcium, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Phosphorus, Uric acid, Alkaline Phosphate, Potassium, and Alanine Amino Transferases followed by various antioxidants and kidney histopathology. The ethylene glycol feeding resulted in an increased level of all parameters evaluated compared to normal rats. All these conditions were reversed with plant extract treatment. Histopathological analysis also showed that rats treated with Sodium Oxalate had large deposits of calcium oxalate crystals, and that deposits were reduced in rats treated with plant extract. Results were also compared with the marketed product cystone as a standard. These data suggest that Iris pseudacorus and Dolichos biflorus Saponin extracts has a protective activity against urolithiasis.

Application software is a set of programs to carry out a specific task like word processor, spreadsheet, presentation tools, library management software, railway reservation, antivirus software, etc. Generally an application software can perform only one specific job and cannot be used for something else. For instance, a library management software cannot be used for railway reservation system or a word processing software is generally not used as a spreadsheet

Memory is the ability to remember past experiences, previously learned facts, skills, habits etc. it helps to retrieve the stored information in our brain whenever we need that particular part of information for our current activity. Without memorization the life is impossible and it is a known fact that people with good memory are more successful people. Thus memory plays an important role in day to day life of an individual. As we know that memory is the most important and fundamental aspect of teaching learning process. In the teaching learning process, the learners have to remember the information, knowledge and wisdom gathered by self and others. There is a definite purpose through which all this is stored in the brain. Memory is the process by which information is encoded, stored and retrieved. In today’s scenario we see that our whole examination system is based on memorization of facts, skills, experience etc. thus there is a need to find the way/ technique to improve the memory system and help us to learn meaningful language. Memory model can be one of the model by which Short term Memory and Long term Memory can be enhanced. Memorization helps to train the mind to focus and help students and teachers to obtain pre determined goals confirmed by the behavioral action of students.

Lead-free 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 composites have been synthesized via sol-gel chemical route. We have systematically investigated the influence of sintering temperature on the structural and electrical properties of the BZT-BCT composites. The 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 composites were prepared by combining Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (BZT) and (Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BCT) powders and sintered at different temperatures 900-14000C. The electrical properties of BZT-BCT composites improve with increasing sintering temperature. The composites sintered at 1300 and 14000C exhibit enhanced ferroelectric properties with spontaneous polarization Ps ~ 11.2 μC/cm2 and 8.66 μC/cm2 respectively. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of BZT-BCT composites also improve with increasing sintering temperature. The dielectric constant value εʹ ~ 2938, tan δ ~ 0.016 and piezoelectric co-efficient d33 ~ 278 pC/N were measured for BZT-BCT composite sintered at 14000C while observing a considerably high transition temperature of Tc ~ 1200C. The observed results are discussed in terms of structural and microstructural analysis as a function of sintering temperature.

Kidney stone formation or urolithiasis is a complex process that results from a series of physicochemical events, including supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention in the kidney. Urolithiasis affects about 10% of people in the Western world in their 70s. Epidemiological data show that calcium oxalate is the major mineral in most kidney stones. To date, great progress has been achieved in identifying metabolic risk factors that predispose to this complex condition, the most prominent of which is hypercalcemia. The unique genetic and epigenetic elements concerned in urolithiasis have remained largely unknown, thanks in part to the candidate gene and linkage techniques that have been available to date, which are inherently low in terms of their decision-making power and ability to assess modest outcomes in complicated traits. However, when combined with studies of rare Mendeliantypes of urolithiasis linked to various metabolic danger factors, those methodologies have shown organic pathways that appear to underpin the improvement of stones in the urinary system. Furthermore, despite substantial improvements in research into the biochemical and physical signs of kidney stones, therapeutic therapy medications are in short supply. Phytotherapy may be effective as an alternative or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of urolithiasis, according to data from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations. This article discusses the various varieties of stones, as well as their characteristics. The varieties of stones, their composition, clinical evaluation, various surgical procedures for removal, treatment downsides, and several herbal medicine details giving therapeutic effects are all included in this review. Keywords: Urolithiasis, Epidemiological data, Diagnosis, Herbal drugs, Ethno medicines.

SummaryBrassica carinata(BBCC) commonly referred to as Ethiopian mustard is a natural allotetraploid containing the genomes ofBrassica nigra(BB) andBrassica oleracea(CC). It is an oilseed crop endemic to the Northeastern regions of Africa. Although it is grown in a limited manner,B. carinatais of value as it is resistant/highly tolerant to most of the pathogens affecting cultivated Brassica species of the U’s triangle that are grown worldwide as oilseed and vegetable crops. We report a chromosome-scale genome assembly ofB. carinataaccession HC20 using long-read Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing and BioNano optical maps. The assembly has a scaffold N50 of ~39.8 Mb and covers ~1.11 Gb of the genome. We compared the available long-read genome assemblies of the six species of the U’s triangle and found a highly conserved gene number and collinearity suggesting thatB. juncea(AABB),B. napus(AACC), andB. carinataare strict allopolyploids. We cataloged the nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat immune receptor (NLR) repertoire ofB. carinataresulting in the identification of 465 NLRs. We investigated the extent and nature of early generation genomic interactions between the subgenomes ofB. carinataandB. junceain interspecific crosses between the two species. We found that C chromosome additions are well tolerated, with homoeologous exchanges occurring between the A and C genomes. Based on the genomic interactions, we propose strategies to utilize the interspecific crosses for transferring disease resistance fromB. carinatatoB. junceaand other Brassica species.

In this paper, we have analyzed TEC data obtained at Indian stations such as Agra, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Bangalore, and Port Blair and VLF amplitude data of NWC fixed frequency (f = 19.8 KHz) transmitter signals recorded at Agra for ±15 days from the day of occurrence of a strong earthquake of magnitude M = 8.5 on 11 April, 2012 in Indonesian region. The analysis is performed using well established statistical methods. We have found simultaneous seismogenic anomalies in TEC and VLF data prior and after the occurrence of the earthquake. Some of the anomalies occurring after the earthquake are identified as due to high solar activity. These anomalies are excluded from our analysis. Some on the VLF anomalies are simultaneous with TEC anomalies indicating that the effect of the earthquake from ground reaches to lower ionosphere and also penetrates up to upper ionosphere in a mechanism possibly involving atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs). These results are also supported by the ground based ULF measurements at Agra using a search coil magnetometer in which we found amplitude bursts in all the three components of the sensor on the day of earthquake after its occurrence. Finally, this multi-instruments and multi-stations data study has confirmed that the strong earthquake affects not only the epicenter area but also the adjoining region and the effect is larger away from the epicenter than that close to the epicenter. This is explained in terms of generation of AGWs from the epicenter.

In this work, lead-free (1-x) Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3–xCoFe2O3 (BCZT-CFO, x = 00, 0.2,0.8 and 1) multiferroic composites have been prepared by chemical solution technique and sintered at 1300 °C. The article is focused on a systematic study of phase dominance effect on structure, microstructure, dielectric, magneto-dielectric, magnetic, electric, and magneto-electric properties of the BCZT-CFO composites. The XRD study confirms perovskite phase in BCZT, cubic spinal phase in CFO and mixed structural evolution in composite samples without any traceable secondary phase formation. William-Hall equation has been used to evaluate strain kinetics in pure and composite samples. The scanning electron micrographs show dispersion of smaller BCZT grains in larger CFO grains matrix. The dense microstructure has been observed for composite sample with ferrite phase dominance. The room temperature dielectric study reveals frequency-dependent dielectric dispersion characteristics for composites and pure CFO. The enhanced dielectric properties are observed for composite sample with ferroelectric phase dominance. The room temperature magneto-dielectric behavior has been observed for lead-free multiferroic composites. Under magnetic study, observed typical ferromagnetic M-H hysteresis loop reveals presence of long-range ferromagnetic ordering in pure CFO as well as in composite samples. The highest value of Ms ~ 38.2 emu/g and Mr = 1.2 emu/g has been measured for ferrite phase dominant composite sample. Higher coercive field Hc value has been observed for composite with ferroelectric phase dominance. Leakage current characteristic has been investigated at and above room temperature for prepared samples. The composite with ferrite phase dominance has shown higher leakage current characteristics. The enhanced magento-electric coupling coefficient has been measured for composite with higher ferrite phase concentration.

Multiferroic composites consisting of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3(NBT) and NiFe2O4(NFO) phases have been synthesized by using sol-gel and metal-organic decomposition (MOD) methods. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results confirm NBT and NFO phase formation in all composite samples without the presence of any intermediate phases. The phonon vibrational modes of the composite samples are detected by Raman spectroscopy over wavenumber regions from 100 to 1000 cm−1 at room temperature. The dielectric constant and dielectric losses are measured over a wide range of frequencies from 1 kHz to 1 MHz at room temperature. Room temperature magnetization measurements confirm the ferromagnetic behavior of all the composite samples. The observed values of coercivity are significantly lower and lie between 9.5 and 49 Oe only, which signifies the soft magnetic behavior of samples. The highest leakage current density value (3.39 × 10−6) has been observed for 50NBT-50NFO composite in I–V measurements. The present study reveals that NBT-NFO composites could be potential lead-free multiferroic composites and provide an alternative for designing environment-friendly devices.

This article describes preparation of Barium (Zirconium) Titnate (BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3) ceramics by the sol–gel technique and its structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties investigated with sintering temperature variation. The phase and microstructure analysis of the sintered ceramics was carried out by X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. XRD analysis revealed structural transformation from cubic to tetragonal phase with increase in sintering temperature. Dielectric properties have been measured with variation of frequency up to 1 MHz and with temperature up to 200 °C. The BZT ceramics exhibit diffuse phase transition with normal ferroelectric behavior. Hysteresis loop measurements disclosed that BZT ceramics have good ferroelectric nature with saturation at higher applied electric fields. Leakage current density show negative temperature coefficient resistance (NTCR) behavior. The highest value (261 pC/N) of piezoelectric coefficient (d33) has been obtained for BZT ceramic sintered at 1400 °C and revealed that ceramics have great potentials for electronic industry based on sensor technology.

Background: Skin cancer is the most aggressive form of cancer with a high mortality rate. Different medications of skin cancer are accessible, yet because of improvement of multi-drug resistance, flow and rising chemotherapies have a generally low achievement rate. This emphasize the importance of discovering new compounds that are both safe and effective against skin cancer. This study used and compared different routes of administration of a natural compound curcumin to investigate the anti-cancer effect. In this investigation it has been resolved that the curcumin expands CAT and SOD levels alongside decline in the TBARS levels. Methods: The hindrance of tumour rate Curcumin was assessed in mice on two phase procedure of skin carcinogenesis incited by single utilization of DMBA/7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (100 µg/100 µl of CH3)2CO), and after 2 weeks advanced by rehashed use of croton oil (1% CH3)2CO/thrice in seven days) till the finish of the trial (i.e. 16 weeks). Oral administration of drug at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight/day at the pre-initiation stage (i.e. 7 days prior and 7 days after DMBA application), promotional stage (for example from the time of croton oil application) and at both the stages (i.e. 7 days before DMBA application and proceeded till the finish of investigation) to the mice Treatment were started 1 week before the exposure to the carcinogen and continued till 25 weeks daily. At the end of experimental period all the animals were sacrificed and observed for various parameters. Results: The following parameters (body weight, biochemical studies, haematological studies) were observed and data was collected time to time and calculated statistically to evaluate the anticancer effect of curcumin was found to effective against the skin cancer.

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) and CoFe2O4 (CFO) ceramics were synthesized by sol–gel and metallo – organic chemical solution methods respectively. Structural, electrical, dielectric and magnetic properties of (1-x) NBT-(x) CFO (x = 0.1, 0.2) multiferroic particulate composite prepared by mixing NBT and CFO powders in required stoichiometric concentration were studied. The presence of ferroelectric (NBT) and ferrite (CFO) phases had been confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Room temperature dielectric behavior was studied with varying frequencies. Ferromagnetic behavior was also confirmed by M−H hysteresis loops. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics were studied by using Keithley 2611 Source Meter.

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) and CoFe2O4 (CFO) powders have been prepared by sol-gel and metallo – organic (MOD) chemical solution methods respectively. The lead-free 50NBT-50CFO multiferroic particulate c...

Lead free Ba0.7Ca0.3O3 (BCT) ceramic has been synthesized by sol-gel method. Properties of ceramics are studied at sintering temperatures of 850 °C and 1050 °C. Structural Confirmation done...

SARS-CoV-2 (or COVID-19) has become a global risk and scientists are attempting to investigate antiviral vaccine.

SARS-CoV-2 (or COVID-19) has become a global risk and scientists are attempting to investigate antiviral vaccine. Berberis are important plants due to the presence of bioactive phytochemicals, especially berberine from the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline and recent studies have shown its potential in treating COVID-19. B. lycium Royle growing in subtropical regions of Asia had wide applications in Indian system of medicine. Rapid determination and novel optimisation method for berberine extraction has been developed by Soxhlet extraction utilising central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). Berberine was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the highest yield (13.39%) was obtained by maintaining optimal extraction conditions i.e., extraction time (7.28 hrs), ethyl alcohol (52.21%) and solvent to sample ratio (21.78 v/w). Investigation of two geographic regions (Ramnagar and Srinagar) showed high berberine content in lower altitude. This novel optimisation technique has placed berberine as a potential candidate for developing pharmaceutical products for human health care.