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Patents are a valuable outcome of research activities in universities as a foundation for commercialization. The idea of transforming research work into products or services that are beneficial to the public has become the priority for almost all universities in the world. This paper focuses on the profile of patents produced by Malaysian Research Universities (MRU). The profiling considers the number of patents, stages of patents, collaboration effort for the patents, citation of the patents, and jurisdiction of the patents within 10 years from 2010 to 2020. The finding indicates that there is an association between patenting activities with the initiative by the government and the university ranking systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Deposition of consistent Ag NPs on ITO by plasma-assisted hot-filament evaporation. • Size and height of Ag NPs increased with increase in the substrate temperature. • Formation of Ag NPs 2D array improved visible light transmittance of PhOLED. • Hole carrier injection of PhOLED was increased by Ag NPs. • High density of Ag NPs 2D array enhanced light emission intensity of PhOLED. This study investigates a high-density of silver (Ag) nanoparticles deposition in a two-dimensional array via a plasma-assisted hot-filament evaporation system on indium tin oxide (ITO) anodes for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). The nanoparticles deposition process was conducted at substrate temperatures of 25, 80 and 140 °C. It is observed through atomic force microscopy that the deposited Ag nanoparticles size increases with higher substrate temperature. The surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) of the deposited Ag nanoparticles are influenced by particle size and interparticle spacing. The visible light transmittance of PhOLED was improved in the wavelength range from 500 to 600 nm at 25 and 80 °C conditions. The luminance efficiency of PhOLEDs with deposited Ag nanoparticles increased by 11.07, 5.03, and 70.30% with rising temperature compared to the standard PhOLED (no Ag nanoparticle) with colour stability. The enhancement in efficiency resulted from a coupling between the SPR of Ag nanoparticles and excitons in the emitting layer. The maximum efficiency was also due to a mirror-reflected emission effect via the larger Ag nanoparticles size. Moreover, the positive charges from the inner layer of the anode were enhanced by the high-density inserted Ag nanoparticles at 25 and 80 °C, increasing the hole carrier injection. The performance and mechanism of a PhOLED modified with Ag nanoparticles are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]