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1. An estimate of the number of tropical tree species

Author

Slik, J. W. Ferry, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves,, Luciana F., Ashton, Peter, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bellingham, Peter J., van den Berg, Eduardo, Bernacci, Luis, da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Bradford, Matt, Brearley, Francis Q., Hockemba, Mireille Breuer-Ndoundou, Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Castillo-Santiago, Miguel, Catharino, Eduardo L. M., Chai, Shauna-Lee, Chen, Yukai, Colwell, Robert K., Robin, L. Chazdon, Clark, Connie, Clark, David B., Clark, Deborah A., Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, Handanakere S., Dauby, Gilles, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Doucet, Jean-Louis, Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl A. O., Eisenlohr, Pedro V., Eler, Eduardo, Ewango, Corneille, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Ferreira, Leandro, Field, Richard, de Oliveira Filho, Ary T., Fletcher, Christine, Forshed, Olle, Franco, Geraldo, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gillet, Jean-François, Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Gunatilleke, Nimal, Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Homeier, Jürgen, Imai, Nobuo, Itoh, Akira, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos A., de Jong, Bernardus H. J., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Kooyman, Robert, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., do Amaral, Ieda Leao, Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lu, Xinghui, Mansor, Asyraf, Marjokorpi, Antti, Martin, Emanuel H., Meilby, Henrik, Melo, Felipe P. L., Metcalfe, Daniel J., Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Millet, Jerome, Mohandass, D., Montero, Juan C., de Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nilus, Reuben, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Page, Navendu, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Paudel, Ekananda, Permana, Andrea, Piedade, Maria T. F., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Poulsen, John, Powers, Jennifer, Prasad, Rama C., Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Razafimahaimodison, Jean-Claude, Reitsma, Jan, dos Santos, João Roberto, Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Romero-Saltos, Hugo, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes Hamuraby, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saiter, Felipe, Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio A., Santos, Fernanda, Sarker, Swapan K., Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schmitt, Christine B., Schöngart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Suganuma, Marcio S., Sheil, Douglas, da Silva Pinheiro, Eduardo, Sist, Plinio, Stevart, Tariq, Sukumar, Raman, Sun, I.-Fang, Sunderand, Terry, Suresh, H. S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jangwei, Targhetta, Natália, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan W., Tchouto, Peguy, Hurtado, Johanna, Valencia, Renato, van Valkenburg, Johan L. C. H., Van Do, Tran, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Verbeeck, Hans, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge A., Williams, John, Wittmann, Florian, Wöll, Hannsjoerg, Yang, Xiaobo, Yao, C. Yves Adou, Yap, Sandra L., Yoneda, Tsuyoshi, Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, Zang, Runguo, de Assis, Rafael L., Luize, Bruno Garcia, and Venticinque, Eduardo M.

Published
2015

3. Are we failing to protect threatened mangroves in the Sundarbans world heritage ecosystem?

Author

Sarker, Swapan K., Reeve, Richard, Thompson, Jill, Paul, Nirmal K., Matthiopoulos, Jason, Sarker, Swapan K., Reeve, Richard, Thompson, Jill, Paul, Nirmal K., and Matthiopoulos, Jason

Abstract

The Sundarbans, the largest mangrove ecosystem in the world, is under threat from historical and future human exploitation and sea level rise. Limited scientific knowledge on the spatial ecology of the mangroves in this world heritage ecosystem has been a major impediment to conservation efforts. Here, for the first time, we report on habitat suitability analyses and spatial density maps for the four most prominent mangrove species - Heritiera fomes, Excoecaria agallocha, Ceriops decandra and Xylocarpus mekongensis. Globally endangered H. fomes abundances declined as salinity increased. Responses to nutrients, elevation, and stem density varied between species. H. fomes and X. mekongensis preferred upstream habitats. E. agallocha and C. decandra preferred down-stream and mid-stream habitats. Historical harvesting had negative influences on H. fomes, C. decandra and X. mekongensis abundances. The established protected area network does not support the most suitable habitats of these threatened species. We therefore recommend a reconfiguration of the network to include these suitable habitats and ensure their immediate protection. These novel habitat insights and spatial predictions can form the basis for future forest studies and spatial conservation planning, and have implications for more effective conservation of the Sundarbans mangroves and the many other species that rely on them.

Published
2016

5. An estimate of the number of tropical tree species

Author

Slik, J. W Ferry, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ashton, Peter, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bellingham, Peter J., Van Den Berg, Eduardo, Bernacci, Luis, Da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Bradford, Matt, Brearley, Francis Q., Hockemba, Mireille Breuer Ndoundou, Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Castillo-Santiago, Miguel, Catharino, Eduardo L M, Chai, Shauna Lee, Chen, Yukai, Colwell, Robert K., Robin, Chazdon L., Clark, Connie, Clark, David B., Clark, Deborah A., Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, Handanakere S., Dauby, Gilles, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Doucet, Jean Louis, Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl A O, Eisenlohr, Pedro V., Eler, Eduardo, Ewango, Corneille, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Ferreira, Leandro, Field, Richard, De Oliveira Filho, Ary T., Fletcher, Christine, Forshed, Olle, Franco, Geraldo, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gillet, Jean François, Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Gunatilleke, Nimal, Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Homeier, Jürgen, Imai, Nobuo, Itoh, Akira, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos A., De Jong, Bernardus H J, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Kooyman, Robert, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Do Amaral, Ieda Leao, Letche, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lu, Xinghui, Mansor, Asyraf, Marjokorpi, Antti, Martin, Emanuel H., Meilby, Henrik, Melo, Felipe P L, Metcalfe, Daniel J., Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Millet, Jerome, Mohandass, D., Montero, Juan C., De Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nilus, Reuben, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Onrizal, Page, Navendu, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Paudel, Ekananda, Permana, Andrea, Piedade, Maria T F, Pitman, Nigel C A, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Poulsen, John, Powers, Jennifer, Prasad, Rama C., Puyravaud, Jean Philippe, Razafimahaimodison, Jean Claude, Reitsma, Jan, Dos Santos, João Roberto, Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Romero-Saltos, Hugo, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes Hamuraby, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saiter, Felipe, Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio A., Santos, Fernanda, Sarker, Swapan K., Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schmitt, Christine B., Schöngart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Suganuma, Marcio S., Sheil, Douglas, Da Silva Pinheiro, Eduardo, Sist, Plinio, Stevart, Tariq, Sukumar, Raman, Sun, I. Fang, Sunderand, Terry, Suresh, H. S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jangwei, Targhetta, Natália, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan W., Tchouto, Peguy, Hurtado, Johanna, Valencia, Renato, Van Valkenburg, Johan L C H, Van Do, Tran, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Verbeeck, Hans, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge A., Williams, John, Wittmann, Florian, Wöll, Hannsjoerg, Yang, Xiaobo, Yao, C. Yves Adou, Yap, Sandra L., Yoneda, Tsuyoshi, Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, Zang, Runguo, De Assis, Rafael L., Luize, Bruno Garcia, Venticinque, Eduardo M., Slik, J. W Ferry, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ashton, Peter, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bellingham, Peter J., Van Den Berg, Eduardo, Bernacci, Luis, Da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Bradford, Matt, Brearley, Francis Q., Hockemba, Mireille Breuer Ndoundou, Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Castillo-Santiago, Miguel, Catharino, Eduardo L M, Chai, Shauna Lee, Chen, Yukai, Colwell, Robert K., Robin, Chazdon L., Clark, Connie, Clark, David B., Clark, Deborah A., Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, Handanakere S., Dauby, Gilles, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Doucet, Jean Louis, Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl A O, Eisenlohr, Pedro V., Eler, Eduardo, Ewango, Corneille, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Ferreira, Leandro, Field, Richard, De Oliveira Filho, Ary T., Fletcher, Christine, Forshed, Olle, Franco, Geraldo, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gillet, Jean François, Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Gunatilleke, Nimal, Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Homeier, Jürgen, Imai, Nobuo, Itoh, Akira, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos A., De Jong, Bernardus H J, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Kooyman, Robert, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Do Amaral, Ieda Leao, Letche, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lu, Xinghui, Mansor, Asyraf, Marjokorpi, Antti, Martin, Emanuel H., Meilby, Henrik, Melo, Felipe P L, Metcalfe, Daniel J., Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Millet, Jerome, Mohandass, D., Montero, Juan C., De Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nilus, Reuben, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Onrizal, Page, Navendu, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Paudel, Ekananda, Permana, Andrea, Piedade, Maria T F, Pitman, Nigel C A, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Poulsen, John, Powers, Jennifer, Prasad, Rama C., Puyravaud, Jean Philippe, Razafimahaimodison, Jean Claude, Reitsma, Jan, Dos Santos, João Roberto, Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Romero-Saltos, Hugo, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes Hamuraby, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saiter, Felipe, Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio A., Santos, Fernanda, Sarker, Swapan K., Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schmitt, Christine B., Schöngart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Suganuma, Marcio S., Sheil, Douglas, Da Silva Pinheiro, Eduardo, Sist, Plinio, Stevart, Tariq, Sukumar, Raman, Sun, I. Fang, Sunderand, Terry, Suresh, H. S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jangwei, Targhetta, Natália, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan W., Tchouto, Peguy, Hurtado, Johanna, Valencia, Renato, Van Valkenburg, Johan L C H, Van Do, Tran, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Verbeeck, Hans, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge A., Williams, John, Wittmann, Florian, Wöll, Hannsjoerg, Yang, Xiaobo, Yao, C. Yves Adou, Yap, Sandra L., Yoneda, Tsuyoshi, Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, Zang, Runguo, De Assis, Rafael L., Luize, Bruno Garcia, and Venticinque, Eduardo M.

Abstract

The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher’s alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between ∼40,000 and ∼53,000, i.e., at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of ∼19,000–25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of ∼4,500–6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa., The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher's alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between ∼40,000 and ∼53,000, i.e., at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of ∼19,000-25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of ∼4,500-6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa.

Published
2015

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