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Introduction: Scabies is a common contagious parasitic dermatosis. Transmission of the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis generally occurs by skin-to-skin contact, but with crusted scabies it may also occur through fomites, such as infected clothing or bedding. Diagnosis is usually clinical. Objective: To find out prevalence and life cycle in patients with scabies infection. Materials and Methods: Scope and Delimitation of the Study. This study focused the management of scabies. This study was conducted among the OPD patients in Kumudini Women’s Medical College Hospital, Tangail, Bangladesh and BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study was conducted from July 2021 to August 2022. The diagnoses of scabies of the potential respondents were based on the set criteria. Only those diagnose clinically with scabies were included in this study. There were no scraping procedures (acarus test) done to confirm the diagnosis of scabies. Other skin diseases aside from scabies were not included in the study. Results: In our study 110 scabies patients it appears that maximum population affected with Scabies infection were aged between 0-6 years (16.3%) and 7-12 years (20.9%) and minimum were between 43-48 years (prevalence 3.6%) and 49-54 years (prevalence 3.6%). The highest prevalence 13.63% in female were in the 7-12 years and lowest prevalence 0.95% in 49-54 years. The highest prevalence 6.36% in male were in the 7-12 years and lowest prevalence 0.95% in 25-30 years and 31-36 years. November (29.09%), December and January (34.54%) show the highest prevalence in scabies infection. In Bangladesh, this three months represent a winter season. On the other hand, July to October represent almost hot condition. So from my result, it is concluded that scabies infection is more prevalent in winter than summer. Scabies infection is not serious problem for our country because the highest prevalence 50% of severity of scabies infection limited with in Moderate (second stage of classical scabies infection) category. Classical scabies is more active in Bangladesh; on the other hand crusted scabies is limited person in Bangladesh. Conclusion: Scabies is more common where overcrowded conditions prevail; it can affect any individual irrespective of social status, personal hygiene, profession, gender, age or ethic origin. These include increased number of household members, presence of other family members with scabies, overcrowding, poverty and low educational attainment. Children (l-12 yrs.) have the highest incidence of scabies as compared to the other age group.

Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity, death, and a significant socioeconomic burden. This is especially true in poor nations like Bangladesh, where the health-care system, including rehabilitation, is out of reach for the average citizen. This life-threatening ailment impacts not only the patients but also their families. The goal of this hospital-based study was to determine stroke-related in-hospital mortality. For various reasons, the findings of our study are important to stroke care in our setting. Attention to modifiable variables that have a negative influence on stroke outcome (e.g. hyperglycemia and comorbidities) may help to reduce stroke mortality, which is particularly high in poor countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of stress hyperglycemia in acute ischemic stroke cases, and observe the difference in mortality and morbidity among patients with hyperglycemia and normoglycemia. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study duration was 6 months, from April 2017 to October 2017. The purposive sampling technique was used to select a total of 100 consecutively attending first-ever acute ischemic stroke patients attending the study hospital within 72 hours of stroke onset. Result: Among the participants, the majority (54%) were between the age range of 41-55 years, with a mean age of 58.37 (±6.23) years. The male: female ratio was 1.7:1. Over half the participants were from urban areas, and 29% were housewives while 25% were businessmen. Unilateral weakness, speech disturbance, and headache were the most common clinical presentations. During admission, the majority were conscious, while 7% were unconscious. Stress hyperglycemia was observed in 29% of the cases. Recovery rates were higher among normoglycemic patients. Conclusion: Present study showed that stress hyperglycemia is .............

The breeding efficiency of dairy animals plays an important role in dairy economics. Any deviation in the breeding rhythm results in a progressive economic loss. Bangladesh failed to earn the targeted achievements in the dairy sector for a lot of constrains, among which anestrous is an important cause. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of anestrus and to determine the comparative effectiveness between hormonal and non-hormonal treatment for anestrus cows and heifers. This study was conducted at two Upazillas (Birganj and Kaharol) of the Dinajpur District of Bangladesh (from January-December, 2017). Forty (40) cows were confirmed to be anestrus through questionnaire and rectal palpation among 200. All cows were divided into prepartum heifers (15) and post-partum (25) cows. According to the design of treatment, again each group was randomly allocated into 3 groups, in which Group I, (Nutritional supplement as a balanced diet, appetizer, Vitamin ADE, Group II (GnRH analog), and Group III (GnRH analog and PGF2α). The results of this study showed that the overall prevalence of anestrus was 20%. The prevalence of anestrus was high in post-partum cows (20.16%) than that in prepartum heifers (19.74%). Results found that 83.3% of postpartum cows showed estrus after treatment with 2.5 ml GnRH followed by 3 ml PGF2α (Group III). The percentage of animals that showed estrus in prepartum heifers and post-partum cows were 75.0% and 66.0%, respectively after 2.5 ml GnRH injection. In post-partum cows, the mean intervals between treatments to the first estrus (onset of estrus) were significantly shorter (P < 0.05) in group II and III than that of group 1 (52.25 ± 12.78, 24.00 ± 6.93, vs. 583.11 ± 44.27 hours, respectively) in case of prepartum heifers. On the other hand, the mean intervals from treatments to the onset of estrus in pre-partum heifer were significantly (P < 0.05) shorter in III (36.94 ± 2.45 hours) and group II (74.67±1.33 hours) than group I (590.40 ± 58.59 hours). There is no significant differences in service per conception and pregnancy rate were observed among different groups of pre-partum heifer. Similarly, there was no significant variation in service per conception rate among all treated groups. Therefore, more than one insemination is required in both prepartum heifers and post-partum cows. It might be suggested that both nutritional and hormonal treatment is effective -for the treatment of anestrus.

The review aimed at finding predisposing factors regarding Brucellosis in Asia from the published articles of 2000 to 2020.This study was conducted as a part of the course assignment of Field Epidemiology Training Program for Veterinarian (FETPV) lead by DLS under the academic supervision of Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU) with the fund and technical support of Global Health Development (GHD). A total of 36 articles regarding the factors responsible for Brucellosis were skimmed and found 12 in numbers to fit out there for this review. We found a lot of factors within the epidemiological triad of Brucellosis and avoiding the repetition a series of important factors were separated. Brucellosis has been prevalent throughout the Asia due to its wide range of species variety and virulence considered as agent factors. Hosts factors like age, sex, breed, pregnancy, abortion history, repeat breeding and retention of placenta were found in different researches. Again management issue was given importance on herd size, single/ mixed herd, farming system, introduction of new animals, distance from one farm to another farm etc. by the researchers. Again farmer’s age, qualification, training and experience were associated with commencing Brucellosis. Environmental factors likely natural insemination and improper sanitation may also lead to spreading disease. This review concluded that as there is no existing vaccine against Brucella, proper control and management are the key ways to prevent.

A cross sectional study was carried out in the abattoirs of the Rajshahi Metropolitan area from where a total of randomly selected 131 samples (70 livers and 61 lungs) of goats were investigated by gross and microscopic examination. The purpose of the study was to determine the status vital organs e.g. liver and lungs of goat from public health perspective. Among 131 samples, 12 samples (9.16%) showed gross changes in liver and lungs. The changes in liver were bulging, flaccid and darkish discoloration with loose turbid capsule. It contained hemorrhage, congestion with rounded corners and nodular structure in one liver. Lungs lesions were congestion, hemorrhage, fibrin deposition and hepatization. Histo-pathologically, congestion of blood vessels, fibrosis and immense leucocytic infiltration were observed in affected liver. On the other hand, diffuse leucocytes mainly neutrophils infiltrated within the bronchioles and lung parenchyma in affected lung were observed. These changes in liver and lungs might be due to infectious and non-infectious agents. Percent lesions were 11.11%, 5.77%, 5.71% and 23.53% in 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 and >4 years of age respectively. Black Bengal goats were more affected (9.57%) compared to Jamunapari (8.11%) where female goats (10.34%) were more affected than male goats (6.82%). Goats were more affected in rainy season (11.36%) compared to winter (8.7%) and summer (7.32%). Presence of lesion determined by gross and microscopic characteristics in this study deserve further investigation causal agents to diagnose and surveillance of the prevailing diseases for ensuring food safety.

Due to growth of economy, government policies, available inexpensive smart devices and low cost broadband services in both developed and developing countries the numbers of Internet users are increasing drastically over the last decades. Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0 have become global trends. Through Internet of Things (IoT) everyone will be connected his/her devices at home, at work stations, on road, at field or anywhere else. In a network topology, various protocols are used for forwarding the packets. Routes of information (packets) are established by appropriate routing protocols. A routing table is managed by the router for successful delivery of packets from the exact predefined nodes i.e. source node to destination node. The amount of information stored by the router about the network depends on the algorithm it follows. Most of the used popular routing algorithms are RIP, OSPF, IGRP and EIGRP. In this report, we have tried to evaluate the performance of RIP, OSPF, IGRP and EIGRP for the parameters: convergence, throughput, queuing delay and end to end delay utilization through simulation which has been performed using OPNET. We have tried to find out the best protocol suits for the designed Enterprise Local Area Network (ELAN) as well as pros and cons of each protocol.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in human is a potential global public health concern. Profiling of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) is crucial to guide antibiotic therapy. Herein we report a detailed bacteriological and molecular analysis of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and their antibiogram typing from UTIs. A total of 100 human urine samples of patients with UTIs were collected between January and December 2019 and were subjected to the conventional characterization of bacteria using the standard protocol. Molecular characterization was performed via sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. All bacterial strains were examined against thirteen commonly used antibiotics for susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The overall prevalence of S. haemolyticus in UTI was 26% with female patients having a higher prevalence of UTI (21 out of 26 or 80.76%) than male patients (5 out of 26 or 19.24%). The isolated S. haemolyticus showed 100%, 100%, 88.46%%, 76.93%, 73.08% and 65.39% resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, respectively. Importantly, S. haemolyticus demonstrated the highest sensitivity to vancomycin (100%), followed by azithromycin (80.76%), amikacin (84.61%), gentamycin (69.23%), levofloxacin (73.08%), ceftriaxone (80.76%) and doxycycline (61.54%). Overall, six variations were noted in S. haemolyticus in which most (5/6) modifications were substitutions and one (1/6) was deletion. These findings imply that mutations in the 16S rRNA gene sequence are the dominant source for species identification and variation in the drug sensitivity pattern against the S. haemolyticus. Phylogenetic analysis of the resultant 16S rRNA indicated that the isolated S. haemolyticus in this study belonged to genus Staphylococcus, but was different from the rest of the available S. haemolyticus isolates in other countries. Multidrug-resistant pathogenic S. hemolyticus is commonly found in urine samples of UTI in human in Bangladesh, which warrants a one-health approach for controlling this emerging ailment.