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Background: Both the amount and quality of dietary fat can modify glucose and insulin metabolism. Objective: The objective was to examine the relation between serum lipid fatty acids and glucose metabolism before and after the consumption of a diet enriched in either monounsaturated (Mono diet) or polyunsaturated (Poly diet) fatty acids. Design: After consuming a high-saturated-fat run-in diet for 3 wk, 31 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were randomly counseled to consume the Mono [40% fat; 11%, 19%, and 8% of energy as saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (S:M:P), respectively] or the Poly (34% fat; S:M:P of 11%: 10%: 10%) diet for 8 wk. Serum lipid fatty acids were measured, and an intravenous-glucose-tolerance test was performed at baseline and at 8 wk. Results: At baseline, a higher glucose effectiveness ([S.sub.G]) was associated with higher proportions of oleic (r = 0.57, P = 0.04) and [alpha]-linolenic (r = 0.64, P = 0.01) acids in phospholipids. An increase in the proportions of oleic and [alpha]-linolenic acids in phospholipids was associated with a decrease in fasting plasma glucose [r = -0.53 (P = 0.002) and r = -0.47 (P = 0.009), respectively]. An increase in the [S.sub.G] was associated with an increase in the proportion of oleic acid (r = 0.55, P = 0.004) and with a decrease in that of arachidonic acid (r = -0.40, P = 0.04) in phospholipids. Conclusions: The beneficial changes in fasting plasma glucose and in the [S.sub.G] during the Mono diet were associated with alterations in the proportions of oleic, [alpha]-linolenic, and arachidonic acids in phospholipids. KEY WORDS Dietary fats, serum fatty acid profile, lipids, glucose metabolism, impaired glucose tolerance, fat-modified diet

Dietary adherence to four different fat-modified diets was examined in 160 subjects by determining the fatty acid composition of serum cholesterol esters (CEs) and erythrocyte (ER) and platelet (PT) membranes in addition to food records. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following diet groups: 1) high-sat--35/14:10:4 (% of energy from total/ saturated: monounsaturated: polyunsaturated fatty acids in the actual diet) 2) AHA (American Heart Association) type-32/ 10:8:8 3) monoene-enriched--34/11:11:5, or 4) low-fat--30/ 12:8:3 for 6 mo. Decreases in the proportions of palmitic acid in CEs were found in the AHA-type and monoene-enriched-diet groups. An increased proportion of linoleic acid in CEs was found in the AHA-type group. The differences in the proportions of palmitic acid in CEs and linoleic and palmitoleic acids in PTs were significant in the AHA-type and monoene-enriched-diet groups compared with the high-sat group. An increase in [alpha]-linolenic acid in CEs was an indicator of the use of low erucic acid rapeseed oil, which was the main source of monoenes in the monoene-enriched-diet group.

Examines the relationship between serum lipid fatty acids and glucose metabolism before and after the consumption of a diet in Finland. Induction of different changes in serum fatty acid profile by dietary fat; Benefits of changes in fasting glucose concentrations; Factors influencing the interaction of dietary fat with glucose tolerance.