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The barbiturate drug pentobarbital is commonly used by veterinarians for the euthanasia of domestic animals. During the veterinary forensic autopsy, it is sometimes necessary to determine whether the animal was chemically euthanized with pentobarbital. The use of a human immunochromatographic test for barbiturate screening utilizing dog or cat urine has been previously validated; however, the use of alternative matrices for this purpose is yet to be explored when urine is not available. Postmortem heart, liver, spleen, skeletal muscle, blood and/or urine samples from 20 dogs and 26 cats with a reported chemical euthanasia status were processed using two different methods, bead homogenization and sonication, and screened for barbiturates using a human immunochromatographic test. There was 100% agreement of the immunochromatographic test results using the sonication method with the reported euthanasia status of both dogs and cats. Using the bead homogenization method, agreement with the reported euthanasia status was 93.3% and 96.7% for dogs and cats, respectively, due to invalid test results from four dog and two cat samples. A subset of liver samples (10 canine and 10 feline) was analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and there was 100% agreement between the immunochromatographic test results and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results for both cats and dogs. Overall, our results support the use of a variety of alternative matrices for barbiturate screening in cats and dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An anthracene-derived luminogen, A-4OH, obtained by reacting anthracene-9-aldehyde with 4-hydroxy benzoic acid hydrazide, produced two polymorphic phases and two solvates, each of which could be distinguished by the solid state emission. The luminogen A-4OH was constructed by attaching the anthracene motif to a 4-hydroxyphenyl group by means of the hydrazide group, which was expected to determine the molecular geometry in terms of the relative orientation of the anthracene motif and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. We isolated a green emissive phase, A-4OH-G, wherein the molecules adopted twisted conformations in the lattice, with the anthracene groups oriented 'cisoid' with respect to the 4-hydroxyphenyl group (C–C＝N–N torsion angles of 2.4° and 2.7°). Two symmetry-independent molecules were observed in the lattice of A-4OH-G, wherein the anthracene motifs were held in place by end-to-face interactions (angles between the aromatic planes ∼70 to 72°) and slipped face-to-face interactions. Subsequently, we isolated the weakly emissive A-4OH-O form, as a solvate from N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), while the non-emissive A-4OH-NE form was obtained from methanol. Crystal analysis of the A-4OH-O and A-4OH-NE forms revealed distinct aromatic–π interactions between the anthracene motifs with face-to-face overlap. Furthermore, thermal stimulation of the A-4OH-NE form triggered the release of the solvated DMF molecules from the lattice affording a yellow emissive phase, A-4OH-Y, which could be characterised using powder X-ray diffraction and thermal methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The syntheses and structure of three-component are cocrystals of 4-nitrobenzoic acid, aromatic N-oxides and aqua complexes of manganese and zinc and their transformation to metal complexes are described. Molecular complexes having multicomponent complexes are considered to be intermediates for the synthesis of N-oxide-bridged coordination polymers.