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The introduction of departure levy in the airline industry is becoming a common practice globally, intending to generate revenue and address environmental concerns. However, the impact of these levy on passengers' behaviour remains a topic of debate. To better understand the factors influencing Malaysian airline passengers' behaviour in response to departure levy, the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was employed in a survey of 412 respondents. The research employed multiple regression analysis to examine the relationships of variables. The survey revealed some insightful findings. Firstly, positive attitudes towards departure levy were found to be strongly correlated with their propensity to use airline services. Secondly, passengers perceived behavioural control strongly influenced their behaviour. Thirdly, the passenger’s perception of departure levy was found to be a key factor in determining the likelihood of using airline services. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of taxation measures on passenger behaviour and can inform evidence-based airline economic development policies. Understanding passengers' attitudes towards departure levy helps policymakers and stakeholders identify potential revenue streams, boosting airline economic viability, especially during industry disruptions. Insights into levy perceptions impact ticket pricing strategies, helping airlines optimize revenue while staying competitive. Policymakers can use behavioural insights to design sustainable aviation policies, promoting air travel while addressing environmental concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil dependence, as a main factor in driving economic growth, undoubtedly plays a crucial role in determining labour market outcomes. This paper utilises the quantile regression approach and the dynamic system GMM methods to investigate the role of oil dependence in determining Okun's coefficient differences. This study uses the difference version of Okun's law to estimate Okun's coefficients for each country through the "rolling window technique" from 1991 to 2019 for panel data from 29 oil-producing countries. Okun's coefficients, estimated in the previous step, became the dependent variable in the second step. The results indicated that the differences in oil dependence prove relevant when accounting for Okun's law differences in oil-producing countries. In other words, oil dependency is found to be the key determinant of Okun's coefficient. Particularly as oil production per capita increases, unemployment becomes less sensitive to output growth. Additionally, this study has found that better institution quality and a higher level of unemployment strengthen Okun's coefficient. Finally, our results confirm the effect of the financial crisis on Okun's coefficients. The findings of this paper conclude with clear evidence for policymakers about the role of oil dependency in economic performance. Economic policy improvements enable a country's oil income to be used more effectively by strengthening its economic sectors, achieving higher economic growth, and thus lowering unemployment rates. The governments of these countries should pay attention to the structural reforms that enhance the development of the non-oil sector and improve the incentives for workers to promote employment in other economic sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study unravels the relationship between hedging practices and company value by considering whether the relationship can be moderated by foreign currency risk (FX risk) and Shariah-compliant status. The motivation behind the research is to examine the impact of the implementation of Financial Reporting Standards (FRS) 7 and 139 which has improved disclosure on FX risk management. The majority of listed companies in Malaysia are Shariah compliant, therefore hedging practices need to be refined when they are implemented using conventional FX derivatives that involve usury. Thus, the study objectives are examining the relationship between hedging practices and company value, and to examine the moderating effect of FX risk and Shariah-compliant status on the relationship. The study employs the generalized method of moments on 250 Malaysian non-financial listed companies from 2010 to 2018. The results show that hedging practices is positive and significant related to firm value, and that FX risks and Shariah-compliant status moderate the relationship. To ensure that companies accurately record FX risk, the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board must tighten up firm accounting reporting. From this, investors can benefit from seeing the significance of FX risk to hedging strategies and firm value. In addition, FRS need to be improved so that reporting of hedging practices consistent with the Shariah screening process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]