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Purpose: To assess whether a recently introduced implant placement micromotor that provides site-specific, operatorindependent cancellous bone density measurements can detect the presence of a cortical bone layer and measure its thickness and density. Materials and Methods: An in vitro experiment was performed on six double-layer polyurethane foam blocks mimicking the jawbone with different cortical thickness/cancellous density combinations. The densities were measured using the micromotor after either removing the cortical layer or leaving it intact, both with and without irrigation. Results: The results were compared by means of nonparametric statistical tests. Independent of irrigation, the micromotor detected the cortical layer when it was left intact and accurately estimated its thickness. The micromotor did not discriminate between blocks when they were considered separately, but it did when they were grouped into four or three classes. Conclusions: The present study suggests that the micromotor may represent a valid device to quantitatively assess bone quality and density. If the micromotor can quantitatively distinguish different cortical/cancellous bone combinations in humans, it may be a helpful tool for performing finely tuned, patient-tailored preparations of the implant seat, making tooth rehabilitation in challenging clinical conditions more predictable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of literature recognises the importance of exploring the uses of plants in historical written sources. The Chilean native plant culén (Otholobium glandulosum) has a long history of medicinal use, with various parts of the plant, including its leaves, aerial parts, and roots, employed to treat numerous ailments. This study undertakes a Critical Discourse Analysis of historical sources, specifically books published between the 17th and early 19th centuries (1646–1810), focusing on the medicinal applications of culén. The research highlights the circulation of plant knowledge over time by adopting an interdisciplinary approach that bridges historical ethnobotany, environmental history, and the history of knowledge and ignorance studies. The study reveals how the evolution of the ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal knowledge of culén reflects the broader environmental ignorance, wherein the scientific community excluded and oppressed the indigenous and local knowledge of the plant. This work underscores the importance of integrating historical studies into modern environmental and botanical research, emphasising the value of understanding past knowledge systems to inform contemporary conservation efforts and sustainable practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: There is uncertainty in the literature on whether the presence of keratinized tissue (KT) ameliorates the state of peri-implant tissue health. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to synthesize evidence on the association between peri-implant keratinization, defined as adequate (≥ 2 mm) or inadequate (0 to 2 mm), and peri-implant health and stability, measured as tissue inflammation, plaque accumulation, tendency to bleeding, and probing depth (PD). Materials and Methods: This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and was registered on PROSPERO. According to predefined inclusion criteria, full papers for potentially eligible studies resulted from electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and OpenGrey) and screening of titles/abstracts. Publication bias and risk of bias in primary studies were assessed. The primary outcome was gingival inflammation, measured with Gingival Index (GI) and modified Gingival Index (mGI). Additional outcomes were plaque accumulation (mPI/PI), bleeding (bleeding on probing/modified Bleeding Index), and PD. For each outcome, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed comparing the adequate group (≥ 2 mm, KT1) and the inadequate group (< 2 mm, KT0) KT width. The mean number of implants and proportion of mandibular implants were investigated as potential causes of heterogeneity using meta-regression. Sensitivity analysis was performed excluding low-quality studies. Results: From 362 screened studies, a total of 15 papers were included in the systematic review, and 8 articles were finally included in the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was found for all outcomes. The main analysis showed a statistically significant association between adequate KT level and a lower mGI-GI (standard mean difference [SMD] KT1 vs KT0 = –1.25, 95% CI = –2.12 to 0.37, P = .01). For plaque accumulation (SMD = –1.18, 95% CI = –2.36 to 0.00, P = .05), bleeding (SD = –1.99, 95% CI = –4.60 to 0.61, P = .13), and PD (MD = –0.06, 95% CI = –0.13 to 0.01, P = .10), no statistically significant difference was detected; however, the trend of results was in favor of the KT1 group. The sensitivity analysis supported the main analysis conclusions. Conclusion: The importance of having an adequate KT width around implants was confirmed by this review; adequate KT was significantly associated with less peri-implant inflammation evaluated qualitatively with mGI/GI. No difference was found for plaque accumulation and bleeding, but a positive trend was found favoring implants with adequate KT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of the current clinical trial was to evaluate if the oral supplementation of melatonin after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) determined a better periodontal healing than NSPT alone, in patients affected by untreated severe periodontitis. Background: Melatonin's anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory capacities, together with its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles are key characteristics that justify the therapeutic use for the treatment of periodontitis. Methods: This is a randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Twenty patients were blindly randomized either to melatonin or placebo group. The melatonin group received NSPT and melatonin capsules 1 mg per day for 1 month, while the placebo, NSPT, and placebo capsules for 1 month. The patients were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after. Mean change from baseline probing depth (PD) was the primary outcome; site of probing was used as unit of analysis; FMBS (%) and FMPS (%) were also calculated. Mann‐Whitney test was used to evaluate statistical significance (α = 0.05). Results: Melatonin was well tolerated by all patients. Both treatments were effective in reducing PD, but no statistical difference was found when comparing posttreatment PD (probing all sites), P =.62. When considering the primary outcome, melatonin administration resulted in greater mean PD change at 6 months if compared to control group: for 4‐5 mm sites 1.86 (0.81) vs 1.04 (0.69), P =.00001 and for sites >5 mm 3.33 (1.43) vs 2.11 (0.96), P =.00012. No difference was found for FMBS and FMPS. Conclusion: Current study, within its limitations, concluded that oral administration of melatonin (1 mg per day for 30 days) after one‐stage full mouth NSPT determined a greater change from baseline PD if compared to NSPT alone, in untreated stage III periodontitis. This could provide a non‐pharmacological support to improve periodontal healing of periodontal sites after NSPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have shown success with immediate loading of dental implants. The purpose of this paper is to report on a procedure that places implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface and loads them with a fixed, provisional, immediately loaded mandibular complete denture, all in a single day. The various surgical, prosthetic, and laboratory phases are explained, with particular attention paid to a luting technique that is able to reduce prosthetic misfit. A series of 14 patients was treated with this protocol and followed for a mean of 28.2 months. A 100% implant survival rate was achieved, and all prostheses were in place and functioning at the most recent follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the case report of the bilateral 3-dimensional reconstruction of a posterior mandible in a 48-year-old woman. Titanium meshes and Regena form demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft were used for bone regeneration. After 5 months the titanium mesh was removed, and after another 4 months, 4 Straumann sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched implants were placed, 2 on each side of the mandible. During implantation a bone specimen was collected and sent for histologic examination. The definitive fixed prosthesis was fabricated after an additional 4 months. The clinical and histologic results are shown. The implants were followed for 18 months after implant loading; no signs of bone loss or infection were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some periodontal cases, biomechanical, esthetic, medical, or economic concerns make it difficult for clinicians to employ either traditional therapy or restoration with an implant-supported prosthesis. To avoid any compromise and ensure a good result in such cases, we chose a removable telescopic prosthesis on natural teeth. In this paper we present a new clinical and technical method for the telescopic prosthesis, and we show that this is a predictable, reliable solution that is easy to realize, inexpensive, and comfortable for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background aims Several authors have demonstrated that adipose tissue contains multipotent cells capable of differentiation into several lineages, including bone, cartilage and fat. Methods This study compared human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) isolated from 26 female donors, under 35 and over 45 years old, showing differences in their cell numbers and proliferation, and evaluated their in vitro adipocytic and osteoblastic differentiation potential. Results The cellular yield of hASC from older donors was significantly greater than that from younger donors, whereas their clonogenic potential appeared slightly reduced. There were no significant discrepancies between hASC isolated from young and elderly women regarding their in vitro adipocytic differentiation, whereas the osteoblastic potential was significantly reduced by aging. We also assessed the influence of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and silicon carbide (SiC-PECVD) on hASC. Even when cultured on scaffolds, hASC from younger donors had better differentiation into osteoblast-like cells than hASC from older donors; their differentiation ability was up-regulated by the presence of HAP, whereas SiC-PECVD produced no significant effect on hASC osteoblastic differentiation. Conclusions The large numbers of hASC resident in adipose tissue and their differentiation features suggest that they could be used for a successful bone regeneration process in vivo. We have shown that age does not seem to affect cell viability and in vitro adipocytic differentiation significantly, whereas it does affects osteoblastic differentiation, in the absence and presence of two-dimensional and three-dimensional scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We sought to evaluate a new protocol designed to maintain long-term, nonrecovery, surgical anesthesia in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the first phase, two groups of rats were anesthetized with two different dose combinations of Domitor (medetomidine) and Zoletil 100 (tiletamine-zolazepam) to investigate their efficacy in induction of anesthesia. One combination comprised Domitor at 35 microg/kg and Zoletil 100 at 40 mg/kg, whereas the other comprised Domitor at 50 microg/kg and Zoletil 100 at 20 mg/kg. Both combinations effectively induced deep anesthesia and caused no mortality, but the duration of anesthesia differed statistically. In the second phase, we induced anesthesia with both Domitor-Zoletil 100 dose combinations then investigated the possibility of maintaining anesthesia for 5 h by administering Euthatal (pentobarbitone) intra-arterially at 10 mg/kg hourly. Depth of anesthesia, mortality, physiological parameters, blood gas analysis, hematology, clinical chemistry, and postmortem histopathology were recorded. Euthatal provided stable long-term anesthesia with both dose combinations of Domitor-Zoletil 100. Seven of 8 (88%) animals anesthetized with Domitor at 50 microg/kg and Zoletil 100 at 20 mg/kg successfully were maintained under deep anesthesia for 5 h. Higher mortality (36% versus 12%) occurred in group of animals treated with Domitor at 35 microg/kg and Zoletil 100 at 40 mg/kg. This difference may be linked to dose-related respiratory depression, as alterations of arterial gas levels were noted. Our findings suggest that, when long-term nonrecovery anesthesia is required, doses of 50 microg/kg Domitor and 20 mg/kg Zoletil 100 are preferable when given with Euthatal to maintain physiological conditions in animals.