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Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma is the commonest gastrointestinal malignancy and one of the most common cancers worldwide. Colorectal carcinoma does not have any early signs. Unless a patient presents with tumor complication. Adenocarcinoma is by far the predominant histopathological type. Aim: Aim of the study was to study the various modes of clinical presentation and to evaluate pathological variants, distribution among various segments, associated prognosis and also to study the various therapeutic modalities available for effective management of colorectal carcinoma. Methods: 25 patients positively diagnosed as colon or rectal carcinoma were included in this study. The detailed history and proper clinical findings were noted. Relevant surgical procedures were done depending on site of growth, mode of presentation. The operative findings were entered and postoperative period was monitored. The patients were followed up for a variable period of time. Results: Colorectal carcinoma occurs predominantly in the group of 50-69 years. The overall common in males. The commonest symptoms were pain abdomen and Bleeding per rectum. Commonest site is sigmoid and rectum. Ulcero proliferative variety is most common. Commonest. Histological variety is moderately differentiated carcinoma. Conclusions: Colorectal carcinoma occurs predominantly in the age group of 50-69 years. The overall incidence common in males (52%). Lack of dietary fiber seems to be a common risk factor. The commonest symptoms were pain abdomen and bleeding per rectum. Patients presenting with obstruction have a poor prognosis. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and when done with adequate preparations, has a good prognosis in early cases. Commonest histopathological variety is moderately differentiated adeno carcinoma. For better results, patients must be screened and cases must be detected in early stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of cholelithiasis has registered considerable rise in India in recent decades. The diagnosis and management of biliary diseases has become very accurate and easy with the availability of ultrasound, CT Scan, MRI, MRCP. Most of the cases of isolated chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis can be managed with minimally invasive surgery (Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy). In this study patients with cholelithiasis who are admitted during April 2020 to Sep 2022 had been taken up for this study and evaluation. Aim and Objectives: To study the incidence of gallstone disease in relation to age and sex, the effect of diet in the formation of gallstones, the profile of clinical presentations of gallstones, the efficacy of different types of management for gallstone disease, the biochemical composition of gallstones in our patients, complications of gallstones, the associated diseases with gallstones. Materials and Methods: This study consists of 100 patients with cholelithiasis who were admitted and treated in our department, their thorough history was taken, necessary investigations were done with appropriate management and gall bladder was sent for HPE, gall stones were sent for bio chemical analysis. Conclusions: The incidence of gallstones was maximum in 4" and 6" decades. There was no significant sex difference in the study group (Ratio Female 526: Male 48%). Non vegetarians tend to have more gallstones than vegetarians. The most common clinical presentation was pain in the night hypochondrium followed by dyspepsia and other symptoms. Ultrasound was the best investigation for diagnosing cholelithiasis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the operation of choice for gall stones. Non operative therapies for gallstones have limited clinical applicability and require further development. Majority of the patients had mixed stones on biochemical analysis of gallstones. The most common complication which we came across was chronic cholecystitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]