Search

Abstract Ingestible microdevices represent a breakthrough in non-invasive sampling of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. By capturing the native spatiotemporal microbiome and intricate biochemical gradients, these devices allow a non-invasive multi-omic access to the unperturbed host-microbiota crosstalk, immune/nutritional landscapes and gut-organ connections. We present the current progress of GI sampling microdevices towards personalized metabolism and fostering collaboration among clinicians, engineers, and data scientists.

Abstract Sustainable agriculture is crucial for meeting the growing global food demand. With the pressure of climate change, resource depletion, and the need for increased agricultural productivity, innovative approaches are essential. Nanotechnology is an emerging technology in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). Despite its promising benefits, the safe implementation of nanotechnology in agriculture requires careful consideration of potential health and environmental risks. However, there is a lack of comprehensive documentation on the application, potential and limitations of nanotechnology in the field of agriculture. To address this gap, a desk research approach was used by utilizing peer-reviewed electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct for relevant articles. Out of 157 initially identified articles, 85 were deemed pertinent, focusing primarily on potential nanotechnology in smart agricultural systems. Taking into account research findings worldwide, we found significant improvements with nanotechnology over traditional methods which underscores the practical benefits of nanotechnology, including increased crop yields, efficient resource use, and reduced environmental footprint. The objective of this systematic review is to explore the nexus between nanotechnology and agricultural systems, highlighting its potential to enhance productivity, sustainability, and resilience and to inform researchers, practitioners, and policymakers about the transformative impact of nanotechnology on sustainable agriculture and underscores the need for further research to address safety concerns and maximize its potential for agricultural advancement.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained significant attention due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. These exciting properties of CNTs make them productive in various applications, from electronics to optics to therapeutics. However, concerns about the potential toxicity of carbon nanotubes have also been raised, prompting extensive research to understand their effects on human health and the environment. Several studies have investigated the toxicity of carbon nanotubes, and the results vary depending on factors such as size, shape, surface chemistry, and the route of exposure. This review highlights the toxicological aspects of CNTs with a special focus on the major consequences of CNT toxicity. The study unfolds the prospects on how the toxicity of CNTs causes adverse effects on the central nervous system, kidney, spleen, eye, cardiac, etc., and thus can influence numerous applications covering from clinical to environmental. Moreover, the report offers an imperative deliberation over the curing or remedies of CNT toxicity, which can provide collective insights for the researchers. Thus, this review report provides the developments, implications, and different approaches to CNT toxicity so that the readers can clearly understand the wide-ranging forecasts of CNT toxicity.

Purpose: The Hospital Corneal Retrieval Program (HCRP) aims to counsel and encourage the family of a critically ill or deceased person in the hospital for eye donation. Adequately sensitized health-care workers (HCWs) may play a pivotal role in boosting HCRP. Study Design: Multicentric, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Methods: Study participants included all HCWs of three medical colleges, including one with eye bank and corneal transplant services. A pretested, structured questionnaire was used to record the awareness, knowledge, and attitude about eye donation among HCWs. The expected outcome was to seek differences in awareness, if any, among medical and paramedical workers of medical colleges with (group A) or without (group B) eye bank and corneal transplant facilities. Results: Of the 4060 study participants, 2100 HCWs were in group A and the rest (1960) were in group B. For eight out of 13 questions assessing awareness and perception, a statistically insignificant difference in responses was observed between the two groups. Regarding questions related to attitude, although the majority of HCWs in both groups were comfortable talking about eye donation, they did feel that counseling relatives of a terminally ill patient about eye donation was insensitive. Less than half of HCWs showed a willingness to donate eyes, and about half of the participants wanted to acquire more knowledge about eye donation. Conclusion: Awareness regarding eye donation among HCWs was mostly found to be at dismal levels, irrespective of whether they worked in an institute with or without eye bank and corneal transplant services. This warrants an accelerated effort at sensitizing HCWs as a strengthening measure for HCRP.

We report absolute high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoabsorption cross-sections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in the photon energy range 5.0–10.8 eV (248–115 nm). The molecular spectrum and electronic structure have been comprehensively investigated together with quantum chemical calculations, providing geometries, bond lengths, vertical excitation energies and oscillator strengths. The major electronic excitations have been assigned to valence and Rydberg transitions which are also accompanied by vibrational excitation assigned to degenerate stretching, v3′t2 and degenerate deformation v4′t2 modes. The rather complex nuclear dynamics along the degenerate deformation mode, v4′t2, have been thoroughly investigated by Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) method. The relevant Jahn–Teller distortion operative within the lowest-lying electronic excited-state is shown here for the first time in order to yield a weak absorption feature at 6.156 eV. Further calculations on the potential energy curves for the singlet excited-states along the C–Cl stretching coordinate show the relevance of efficient C–Cl bond excision.

The safrole and isosafrole are constitutional isomers that have been theoretically characterized utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT) employed with the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) basis set to simulate geometrical parameters, vibrational aspects, electronic properties, and chemical shifts and explored the solvent effect on electronic spectra of safrole and isosafrole in different solvents, including polar solvents such as acetone, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and methanol, nonpolar solvents such as chloroform, cyclohexane, and toluene, and the gas phase using Time Dependent-Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) methods. In addition, Natural Orbital (NBO), Mulliken population analysis, and Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) surface have been simulated to understand better the reactive sites in the molecular structures of safrole and isosafrole. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) energy gaps of safrole and isosafrole were simulated in polar and nonpolar solvents, confirming the safrole and isosafrole kinetic stability and chemical reactivity. The in-silico ADMET indices were utilized to ascertain the probable pharmacokinetic and biological features of safrole and isosafrole. A molecular docking investigation was also conducted to investigate the potential biological activity of safrole and isosafrole against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, providing more support for its antiviral efficacy.

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of Riemannian warped-twisted product submersions and examine their fundamental properties, including total geodesicity, total umbilicity and minimality. Additionally, we investigate the Ricci tensor of Riemannian warped-twisted product submersions, specifically about the horizontal and vertical distributions. Finally, we obtain Einstein condition for base manifold if the horizontal and vertical distributions of the ambient manifold is Einstein.

Abstract The most common denture material used for dentistry is poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA). Usually, the polymeric PMMA material has numerous biological, mechanical and cost-effective shortcomings. Hence, to resolve such types of drawbacks, attempts have been made to investigate fillers of the PMMA like alumina (Al2O3), silica (SiO2), zirconia (ZrO2) etc. For the enhancement of the PMMA properties a suitable additive is required for its orthopedic applications. Herein, the main motive of this study was to synthesize a magnesium oxide (MgO) reinforced polymer-based hybrid nano-composites by using heat cure method with superior optical, biological and mechanical characteristics. For the structural and vibrational studies of the composites, XRD and FT-IR were carried out. Herein, the percentage of crystallinity for all the fabricated composites were also calculated and found to be 14.79–30.31. Various physical and optical parameters such as density, band gap, Urbach energy, cutoff energy, cutoff wavelength, steepness parameter, electron–phonon interaction, refractive index, and optical dielectric constant were also studied and their values are found to be in the range of 1.21–1.394 g/cm3, 5.44–5.48 eV, 0.167–0.027 eV, 5.68 eV, 218 nm, 0.156–0.962, 4.273–0.693, 1.937–1.932, and 3.752–3.731 respectively. To evaluate the mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the composites a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) was used and their values were 60.3 and 101 MPa, 78 and 40.3 MPa, 5.85 and 9.8 MPa-m1/2 respectively. Tribological tests of the composites were also carried out. In order to check the toxicity, MTT assay was also carried out for the PM0 and PM15 [(x)MgO + (100 − x) (C5O2H8)n] (x = 0 and 15) composites. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the structural, physical, optical, and biological features of the fabricated PMMA-MgO composites, highlighting the potential of the PM15 composite with its enhanced density, mechanical strength, and excellent biocompatibility for denture applications.

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most common gynecological problem and is often accompanied with uterine fibroid. Very limited options are available in biomedicine for the AUB. In this reported case, AUB associated with stasis dermatitis was managed on the line of treatment of Vataja Yonivyapada with satisfactory results. This is a case of AUB in uterine fibroid associated with stasis dermatitis in the left lower limb of a 39-year-old female. Gokshuradi Guggulu 750 mg, Shatavari Churna - 2 g, Gairika - 500 mg, and Mukta Shukti Pishti - 500 mg were given twice a day for 18 months, Pushyanuga Churna - 2 g, Chandraprabha Vati - 250 mg, and Arsha Kuthara Rasa 250 mg twice a day for 8 months, and Gokshura churna - 2 g twice a day for 14 months were given to her as oral medication. Jatyadi taila was applied locally twice a day on affected area for 17 months. Four sets of Anuvasana Basti (medicated oil enema), one set of Raktamokshana (therapeutic bloodletting) with Alabu, and three sets of Raktamokshana with Shringa were also adopted in 14 months of treatment duration. After 14 months of treatment, the size of the bulky uterus was reduced from 108 mm × 76 mm × 70 mm in May 2018 to 102 mm × 64 mm × 55 mm in May 2019 and from 7.0 to 6.6 mm in endometrium thickness. The fibroid was resolved, and abnormal bleeding was arrested. This case demonstrates that Ayurveda oral medication and Panchakarma based on the management of Vataja Yonivyapada may be useful in AUB associated with stasis dermatitis.

In the present work, we report an update and extension of the previous ion-pair formation study of Hubers, M.M.; Los, J. Chem. Phys. 1975, 10, 235–259, noting new fragment anions from time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The branching ratios obtained from the negative ions formed in K + SF6 collisions, in a wide energy range from 10.7 up to 213.1 eV in the centre-of-mass frame, show that the main anion is assigned to SF5− and contributing to more than 70% of the total ion yield, followed by the non-dissociated parent anion SF6− and F−. Other less intense anions amounting to 3− and F2−, while a trace contribution at 32u is tentatively assigned to S− formation, although the rather complex intramolecular energy redistribution within the temporary negative ion is formed during the collision. An energy loss spectrum of potassium cation post-collision is recorded showing features that have been assigned with the help of theoretical calculations. Quantum chemical calculations for the lowest-lying unoccupied molecular orbitals in the presence of a potassium atom are performed to support the experimental findings. Apart from the role of the different resonances participating in the formation of different anions, the role of higher-lying electronic-excited states of Rydberg character are noted.

Abstract The structural integrity of mine dumps is crucial for mining operations to avoid adverse impacts on the triple bottom-line. Routine temporal assessments of coal mine dumps are a compliant requirement to ensure design reconciliation as spoil offloading continues over time. Generally, the conventional in-situ coal spoil characterisation is inefficient, laborious, hazardous, and prone to experts' observation biases. To this end, this study explores a novel approach to develop automated coal spoil characterisation using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based optical remote sensing. The textural and spectral properties of the high-resolution UAV images were utilised to derive lithology and geotechnical parameters (i.e., fabric structure and relative density/consistency) in the proposed workflow. The raw images were converted to an orthomosaic using structure from motion aided processing. Then, structural descriptors were computed per pixel to enhance feature modalities of the spoil materials. Finally, machine learning algorithms were employed with ground truth from experts as training and testing data to characterise spoil rapidly with minimal human intervention. The characterisation accuracies achieved from the proposed approach manifest a digital solution to address the limitations in the conventional characterisation approach.

Background: ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence based tool developed by OpenAI (California, USA). This systematic review examines the potential of ChatGPT in patient care and its role in medical research. Methods: The systematic review was done according to the PRISMA guidelines. Embase, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar data bases were searched. We also searched preprint data bases. Our search was aimed to identify all kinds of publications, without any restrictions, on ChatGPT and its application in medical research, medical publishing and patient care. We used search term "ChatGPT". We reviewed all kinds of publications including original articles, reviews, editorial/ commentaries, and even letter to the editor. Each selected records were analysed using ChatGPT and responses generated were compiled in a table. The word table was transformed in to a PDF and was further analysed using ChatPDF. Results: We reviewed full texts of 118 articles. ChatGPT can assist with patient enquiries, note writing, decision-making, trial enrolment, data management, decision support, research support, and patient education. But the solutions it offers are usually insufficient and contradictory, raising questions about their originality, privacy, correctness, bias, and legality. Due to its lack of human-like qualities, ChatGPT’s legitimacy as an author is questioned when used for academic writing. ChatGPT generated contents have concerns with bias and possible plagiarism. Conclusion: Although it can help with patient treatment and research, there are issues with accuracy, authorship, and bias. ChatGPT can serve as a "clinical assistant" and be a help in research and scholarly writing.

The utilization of high-strength materials that can retain their strength after successive use under high mineral moisture (maximum weight of 1098 kg) for aerospace, automotive, and electromagnetic devices is challenging. Generally, coatings of nickel (Ni) and its alloys are utilized in the aforementioned applications, but the continuous use of the system degrades its mechanical stability and structural integrity. For the automotive and aerospace uses, the material should have high mechanical strength, wear tolerance, corrosion resistance, and magnetism. The bare Ni coatings can be altered with enhanced mechanical, tribological and electrochemical performances by using various reinforcements in the coatings. The abundantly used reinforcing agents are mainly carbonaceous nanoallotropes (such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and diamond) for the fabrication of composite coatings. The current review unfolds the introduction of nickel and the major cause of damage to bare nickel coatings. Moreover, the review sheds light on how to mitigate the damage of nickel coatings with an emphasis on giving a flavor of distinct carbonaceous nanoallotropes. The conjugated studies on mechanical, wear, corrosion, and magnetic behavior of electrodeposited Ni-carbonaceous composite coatings are embraced in the review. Therefore, the present review can be endorsed by the readers for the protection of aircraft, automotive, and electromagnetic appliances.

Acute upper limb ischemia (AULI) is a medical and surgical emergency involving sudden decrease in limb perfusion resulting in threat for limb viability. A 52 years old male patient was suffered from AULI. He had the complaints of numbness and pain in left upper limb, headache and pale discoloration of left-hand fingers and acute onset left upper extremity weakness.The Ayurveda diagnosis was considered as Vatarakta. He was advised oral medications - Kaishor guggulu in the dose of 750 mg twice a day with Jwarhar kashaya 40 ml twice a day, Ashwagandha Churna 3 g, Guduchi churna1g, Shatavari churna 2 g, Chopchini churna 1 g with milk twice a day, Shilajatwadi loha 500 mg and Mahavatvidhvansana rasa 250 mg twice a day with honey. All these medications were continued for 12 months. Two courses of Mustadi yapana basti (medicated enema enriched with milk) and Shalishastika pinda swedana (a specific type of sudation with a poultice of rice bolus) and Nasya (nasal therapy) with Shadabindu oil were given. Initial computed tomography (CT) angiogram revealed the abrupt cutoff of the left brachial artery in distal part due to hypodense lesion (thrombus) in the lumen while after 12 months of treatment CT angiogram revealed 70–80 % luminal narrowing in proximal part of left ulnar artery. It suggests the revascularization of left ulnar artery. All the symptoms of AULI were also resolved. We report a unique case of AULI managed with Ayurvedic interventions

Introduction Triage is, “the sorting out and classification of patients or casualties to determine priority of need and proper place of treatment.” During infectious disease outbreaks, triage is particularly important to separate patients likely to be infected with the pathogen of concern from those who are not, to prevent nosocomial spread, and to ensure those who are infected receive the appropriate level of care. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of possible and confirmed COVID-19 patients transported to hospital by ambulance or self-presenting during April and May 2021, to see which symptoms indicated the likelihood of a severe, moderate or mild case that would enable the patient to be appropriately triaged to a COVID Care Centre (CCC); Dedicated COVID-19 Hospital (DCH) or Dedicated COVID Healthcare Centre (DCHC) respectively.

This study investigates the electrochemical sensing of diclofenac sodium. A bare single screen-printed carbon electrode was modified with graphene/gadolinium (III) oxide (Gd2O3) where graphene serves as the conductive support material for the electrode. The interaction between the elements of graphene/Gd2O3 composite and diclofenac with graphene/Gd2O3 composite has been studied by density functional theory (DFT). The characterization of the nanocomposite underwent through some sophisticated characterization techniques like field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical techniques like cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used for studying the chemical kinetics and absorbance of the nanocomposite while Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) was used to study the oxidation of Diclofenac. The electrochemical studies exhibit a linear range of detection from 5.89 µM to 66.7 µM concentration of the analyte. Importantly, in-silico studies based on the semi-empirical (PM6) approach strongly favoured the experimental outcomes especially, the binding features involved the both the dimer complex versus the trimer complex. The binding energy of the three components-based model (Graphene-Gd2O3-Diclofenac) has been calculated to be extremely larger than that of the two components-based model (Graphene-Diclofenac). This novel Diclofenac biosensor showed satisfactory results and it has the potential to create a great platform in the environmental monitoring system.

Rice followed by wheat is the dominant cropping system in the middle Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP). Lower productivity (4.8 t ha−1) of this cropping system in Bihar, compared to the national average (6.8 t ha−1) due to several climate- and production-related issues, is a matter of concern for the farmers and the policymakers. Keeping all these in view, an experiment with rice–wheat cropping system was carried out during 2020–21 and 2021–22 in 17 adopted villages of 13 districts of Bihar under the Project “Climate Resilient Agriculture Program (CRAP)” to evaluate the feasibility of early transplanting of rice in the month of June with the aim of achieving higher system productivity by early harvesting of rice and subsequent timely sowing of wheat before 15 November with the provision of assured irrigation. In this study, the concept of an innovative community irrigation approach and single-phase 3-hp submersible pump was employed. Long-duration rice variety (150 days) Rajendra Mahsuri-1 was sown during 20–25 May in the nursery and transplanted through puddling operation during 15–20 June in 17 locations. Under delayed conditions, the nursery sowing and transplanting window were 10–15 June and 10–15 July, respectively. Timely sown rice grown with the provision of a community irrigation system achieved a grain yield of 5.2 t ha−1 and 85.8% higher water productivity, compared to late-sown crops. Following the harvest of rice, the HD-2967 variety of wheat was planted in the first fortnight of November and harvested in the first week of April, yielding 4.9 t ha−1 with the application of 2–3 irrigations based on soil type and evaporative demand. Timely harvesting of wheat facilitated farmers of the region to take an additional crop of summer green gram. With an assured irrigation system and shifting planting dates and thereby managing climatic risks, the overall productivity of the rice–wheat cropping system was achieved to the tune of 10.1 t ha−1 with a cropping intensity of 300% for better adaptation and sustainable production.

Bakanae disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi is an emerging disease of rice causing losses in all rice-growing regions around the world. A BC2F2 population was developed by backcrossing the recurrent parent Pusa Basmati 1121 (PB1121) with the recombinant inbred line RIL28, which harbors a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) governing resistance to bakanae, qBK1.2. MassARRAY-based single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays targeting the genomic region of qBK1.2 helped in fine mapping the QTL to a region of 130 kb between the SNP markers rs3164311 and rs3295562 using 24 recombinants. In-silico mining of the fine-mapped region identified 11 putative candidate genes with functions related to defense. The expression analysis identified two significantly differentially expressed genes, that is, LOC_Os01g06750 and LOC_Os01g06870, between the susceptible genotype PB1121 and the resistant genotypes Pusa1342 and R-NIL4. Furthermore, the SNPs identified in LOC_Os01g06750 produced minor substitutions of amino acids with no major effect on the resistance-related functional motifs. However, LOC_Os01g06870 had 21 amino acid substitutions, which led to the creation of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain in the resistant genotype Pusa1342, thereby making it a potential candidate underlying the major bakanae-resistant QTL qBK1.2. The markers used in the fine mapping program are of immense utility in marker-assisted breeding for bakanae resistance in rice.

Green energy is being claimed as a sustainable solution to the socioeconomic concerns associated with environmental issues and the depletion of non-renewable sources of energy. The impacts of climate change, including global warming, ozone layer depletion, and rising sea levels, have underscored the emergent need for increased investment in green energy to curb down carbon dioxide emissions. Evolution of environmentalism in the 21st century, and the power of environmentally conscious population with their consumption driven demand is increasing which address a wide variety of economic, social, political, technological and legal topics, ranging from empirical analysis to philosophical theorization. This study aims to explore recent advancements in green energy, adaptations to it, and the role of the circular economy within this context. The research employed a review approach, combined with bibliometric analysis of articles published in the past two decades. These articles were obtained from the Scopus database and selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. To conduct the bibliometric analysis, the authors utilized Bibliometrix R and VOSviewer software, employing analysis like performance analysis, and bibliographic coupling. This study serves as an initiative to identify emerging themes and potential future research areas, with a specific focus on the impact of green energy on industrial and business-to-business sectors and the development of decision-making tools.

Laser scanning can provide timely assessments of mine sites despite adverse challenges in the operational environment. Although there are several published articles on laser scanning, there is a need to review them in the context of underground mining applications. To this end, a holistic review of laser scanning is presented including progress in 3D scanning systems, data capture/processing techniques and primary applications in underground mines. Laser scanning technology has advanced significantly in terms of mobility and mapping, but there are constraints in coherent and consistent data collection at certain mines due to feature deficiency, dynamics, and environmental influences such as dust and water. Studies suggest that laser scanning has matured over the years for change detection, clearance measurements and structure mapping applications. However, there is scope for improvements in lithology identification, surface parameter measurements, logistic tracking and autonomous navigation. Laser scanning has the potential to provide real-time solutions but the lack of infrastructure in underground mines for data transfer, geodetic networking and processing capacity remain limiting factors. Nevertheless, laser scanners are becoming an integral part of mine automation thanks to their affordability, accuracy and mobility, which should support their widespread usage in years to come.

Introduction: The incidence and pattern of neurological complications after congenital cardiac surgery have been changing over the years due to improvement in surgical technique and perioperative management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and pattern of neurological injury in our institute. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all pediatric patients who underwent noncontrast computed tomography of the brain for suspected postoperative neurological injury occurring during the 1st week after pediatric cardiac surgery between April 2016 and February 2020. We identified neurological injury as patients having ischemic infarct and intracranial hemorrhage. Results: A total of 2971 pediatric cardiac surgeries were performed at our institute. Sixty-seven patients (2.25%) developed neurological injury. Fifty-five patients (82%) developed ischemic infarct while 12 patients (18%) had intracranial hemorrhagic. Pattern of ischemic infarct included global hypoxic injury in 30 patients (54.5%), posterior cerebral artery territory in 9 patients (16.3%), middle cerebral artery territory in 8 patients (14.5%), multiterritory involvement in 5 patients (9.0%), and anterior cerebral artery territory in 3 patients (5.4%). In patients with intracranial hemorrhage, 5 patients (7.4%) developed subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 4 patients (5.9%) developed subdural hemorrhage, and 3 patients (4.4%) developed intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Conclusions: Neurological complication accounts for significant morbidity and mortality after congenital cardiac surgery. In our study, ischemic infarct accounted for 82% cases. In ischemic infarct, global ischemia was the most common type and carried high risk of mortality. In hemorrhage group, SAH was the most common finding. Nevertheless, the aim of this study was to characterize the current incidence of acute clinically evident neurologic complications in children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery in a tertiary hospital, although acute neurologic morbidity appears to be appreciably lower than in the past at our institution.

Avascular necrosis (AVN) is the condition where an interruption of the sub-chondral blood supply leads to the death of cellular components of bones typically at the weight-bearing joints. Here we present a case of a 48 years old male patient suffering from AVN for the last two months. The patient had pain in bilateral hip joints which was gradually radiating to the bilateral thigh. The patient also felt difficulty in cross-legged, sitting, and squatting. The Ayurveda diagnosis of the case was established as Asthimajjagata-vata (∼disease due to vitiation of Vatadosha in bone and bone marrow tissues). Oral treatment was administred initially for eight months, followed by a course of Panchatikta-kshira basti (medicated enema enriched with milk) and Shalishastika panda swedana (a specific type of sudation with a poultice of rice bolus) for 24 days. Oral medications were continued during this duration and also for the subsequent 22 months. Kaishora guggulu in the dose of 750 mg twice a day with Dashamula kwath 40 ml twice a day, Ashwagandha churna (Powder of Withania somnifera Dunal) 3 g, Guduchi churna (Powder of Tinospora cordifolia L.) 1g, Chopchini churna (Powder of Smilax china L.) 2g and Shilajatwadi loha 500 mg with milk twice a day were advised to the patient. MRI scans of bilateral hip joints after 23 months of this treatment revealed changes in AVN grade, with the left hip joint transitioning from grade III-B to grade II, and the right hip joint progressing from grade IV-A to grade III. The range of motion at these joints was also improved significantly. Most of these medicines are Rasayana (∼immune-modulatory) in nature. The present case study suggests that Panchakarma procedures and Rasayana may be used for the treatment of AVN.

The Internet of Things (IoTs) is a technology that connects sensor devices to the Internet to enable smarter and more intelligent communication. Today, many industries are using various IoT devices to create smart and intelligent environments. However, the sudden increase in demand has created a major challenge for IoT connections, known as scalability. Scalability refers to increasing and expanding the number of internet-connected devices for a specific application. To address this issue, we propose simulated annealing-based horizontal scaling to achieve faster and more efficient scaling to accommodate IoT devices. We explore different horizontal scaling methods and propose a Markov chain process to model the scaling. We then use simulated annealing to optimize the scaling visualized by the Markov chain process. Our goal is to focus on the flexible nature of horizontal scalability for adding various IoT devices and resources as needed. We have compared our proposed horizontal scalability optimization with vertical scalability, which has a built-in feature of elasticity. We have evaluated several parameters, such as cost, service rate, and transfer rate, and found that our proposal outperforms existing methods.

Borehole breakout is a widely utilised phenomenon in horizontal stress orientation determination, and breakout geometrical parameters, such as width and depth, have been used to estimate both horizontal stress magnitudes. However, the accuracy of minimum horizontal stress estimation from borehole breakout remains relatively low in comparison to maximum horizontal stress estimation. This paper aims to compare and improve the minimum horizontal stress estimation via a number of machine learning (ML) regression techniques, including parametric and non-parametric models, which have rarely been explored. ML models were trained based on 79 laboratory data from published literature and validated against 23 field data. A systematic bias was observed in the prediction for the validation dataset whenever the horizontal stress value exceeded the maximum value in the training data. Nevertheless, the pattern was captured, and the removal of systematic bias showed that the artificial neural network is capable of predicting the minimum horizontal stress with an average error rate of 10.16% and a root mean square error of 3.87 MPa when compared to actual values obtained through conventional in-situ measurement techniques. This is a meaningful improvement considering the importance of in-situ stress knowledge for underground operations and the availability of borehole breakout data.

The sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare pathological lesion found in around 0.09% of the population. Surgical management is usually indicated for large aneurysms causing hemodynamic compromise or aneurysms that enlarge progressively. Surgical approaches for unruptured aneurysms include patch or primary closure. The article describes our technique for closing the small sinus of a Valsalva aneurysm discovered incidentally during surgery for aortic valve replacement. Interrupted pledgeted sutures placed for fixing the mechanical prosthetic aortic valve (St Judes Medical TM) were passed through the aortic valve annulus and the superior edge of the aneurysm sac, resulting in transverse primary closure of the aneurysm opening in the aortic root.

Tropical cyclone (TC) best track datasets have temporal inhomogeneity, mostly associated with changes in monitoring practices and technological improvements. Temporal inconsistencies are often mitigated by using TC data from more homogeneous periods. For example, TC records since 1980 are preferred for frequency and track analysis, while records for intensity analysis have become more consistent since ∼2000. However, such measures reduce the sample size for trend analysis, potentially leading to conflicting conclusions due to natural climate-variability. Inter-agency best track data can also vary, due to differences in the way best track information—such as centre fix locations and associated intensity estimates—are defined and assessed. When comparing global datasets and regional datasets, additional inconsistencies can be introduced where TCs form or track just outside the official area of responsibility for each agency. We highlight discrepancies in Australian TC best track data from various sources by comparing it to a more rigorously scrutinized dataset compiled by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. This dataset is found to have highly accurate TC records for the Australian region. We also highlight the implications of data differences on TC-related trend analysis, aiming to increase awareness of dataset inconsistencies while guiding credible climate-change detection and attribution messages.

The synthesis and characterization of two new Schiff base ligands containing 1,2,4-triazole moieties and their oxovanadium(IV) complexes have been reported. The ligands and their complexes were studied by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), conductivity measurement, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and elemental analyses. The molar conductance of oxovanadium(IV) complexes were found to be relatively low, depicting their non-electrolytic nature. The XRD patterns reveal the size of particles to be 47.53 nm and 26.28 nm for the two complexes in the monoclinic crystal system. The molecular structures, geometrical parameters, chemical reactivity, stability, and frontier molecular orbital pictures were determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The theoretical vibrational frequencies and EPR g-factors (1.98) were found to correlate well with the experimental values. A distorted square pyramidal geometry with C2 symmetry of the complexes has been proposed from experimental and theoretical results in a synergistic manner. The antimicrobial sensitivity of the ligands and their metal complexes assayed in vitro against four bacterial pathogens viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella Typhi showed that the oxovanadium(IV) complexes are slightly stronger antibacterial agents than their corresponding Schiff base precursors. The binding affinities obtained from the molecular docking calculations with the receptor proteins of bacterial strains (2EUG, 3UWZ, 4GVF, and 4JVD) showed that the Schiff bases and their oxovanadium(IV) complexes have considerable capacity inferring activeness for effective inhibition. The molecular dynamics simulation of a protein-ligand (4JVD-HL2) complex with the best binding affinity of −12.8 kcal/mol for 100 ns showed acceptable stability of the docked pose and binding free energy of −15.17 ± 2.29 kcal/mol from molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) calculations indicated spontaneity of the reaction. The outcome of the research shows the complementary role of computational methods in material characterization and provides an interesting avenue to pursue for exploring new triazole based Schiff's bases and their vanadium compounds for better properties.

We have investigated the effect of the target atomic number Z2 on the mean charge state (q¯ using various model predictions such as the Shima–Ishihara –Mikumo, Ziegler–Biersack–Littmark, Schiwietz, Schiwietz–Grande , Fermi-gas-models and theoretical codes with experimental data available in the literature. This investigation makes it possible to determine the best-fit model to calculate q¯. In this work, we discuss the post-collision charge state distribution in different targets used as thin films and projectile beams (Fq+, Siq+, Clq+, and Cuq+) with different charge states (available in literature). A detailed overview of such collision experiments has been explored over a wide energy range of 1.07–3.93 MeV/u. In this contribution, an overview of the mean charge state dependence on the Fermi velocity of target materials is provided. Finally, the influence of the non-radiative electron capture at the target exit surface on the projectile charge state distribution for fast projectiles in different targets is shown, and a comparison is made with experimental data.

Background: Migraine, characterized by pain of a specific type in one half of the head has a close resemblance with Ardhavabhedaka described in Ayurveda. Nasya karma (nasal therapy) with Vrihatajivakadya oil is indicated in Ardhavabhedaka. Low viscosity oil (LVO) and medium viscosity oil (MVO) prepared by Snehapaka (a specific Ayurveda method for preparation of oil) are advocated in different classical Ayurveda texts for N. karma. The objectives: This study was done to assess the effects of Vrihatajivakadhya oil on different viscosities in N. karma for the better Ayurveda management of migraine. Material and methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled trial a total of 90 patients were randomly divided into two groups for N. karma with oil of different viscosities. In the group treated with LVO, 44 patients completed their treatment and one patient was lost in follow-up. In another group treated with MVO, 45 patients were enrolled and completed the intervention. N. karma was done with this oil in the dose of 6 drops per nostril for the duration of 14 days for each participant. The follow-up was done on the 15th day and 45th days. The assessment was done by the Migraine Disability Assessment Score (MIDAS) and Migraine Specific Quality of Life Assessment scale. Result: During the trial, significant improvement in both the groups on both parameters was observed. No adverse event was noticed during the study. Conclusion: N. karma with MVO had better improvement. No adverse event was noticed during the study. N. karma with these oils is effective and safe for migraine.

Introduction: Constipation is a common gastrointestinal complaint in apparently healthy population as well as in patients with various predisposing disorders with approximately 12%–19% global prevalence. Constipation is defined as “delay or difficult defecation causing significant distress to the patient.” In Ayurveda, various clinical conditions such as Krurakoshtha, Apanavayudusti, Vishtabdhajirna, Grahani have symptom of constipation called Vibandha. The presently available laxative drugs are habit-forming and financial burden to the patients. Treatment of constipation cannot be continuing for a longer period; therefore, it is a better option to put the patient on proper diet having laxative action in the condition of constipation. The objective of this work is to prepare a dietary module for patient of constipation and to evaluate the laxative effect of that prescribed dietary module (Pathyahara) in constipation. Methods: This study was conducted in two groups. Group A (Control): 3–6g (½ Karsh) Triphala Churna was given orally at night after meal daily with lukewarm water. Group B (Trial): Prescribed Dietary Module was advised as a daily diet. Results: Very significant result was found in both groups on all assessment parameters except weekly frequency of bowel movements in which result was significant in group A and no significant difference was there in all assessment parameters except weekly frequency of bowel movements and colic pain where the effect was more in Group B. Conclusion: Triphala Churna and prescribed dietary module having laxative effect in constipation. The effect was statistically more in prescribed dietary group on two parameters.

Introduction: Comparative role of different Ayurveda therapies in the treatment of female infertility. Methods: It was an open-label, comparative, randomized trial. Thirty female patients were equally divided into two groups as Group A, treated with Virechana karma (Purgation therapy) followed by yoga basti (Ayurveda enema therapy) regimen and Group B treated with Yoga basti followed by Uttarabasti (Ayurveda intrauterine therapy) regimen. In Group A, Virechana was done with Tilvakaghrita followed by Erandmooladi yoga basti and in Group B Erandmooladi yoga basti was administered followed by Uttarabasti with Bala taila. The variables used for assessments were conception, grading in menstruation parameters, spinnbarkeit (SB) test, fern test, follicular study, and endometrial thickness. For intragroup comparison, “Wilcoxon matched-paird signed-ranks test” and “paired t-test” were used. For intergroup comparison, “Mann–Whitney test” and “unpaired-t-test” were used. All the statistical tests were interpreted as significant at 5% level (P < 0.05). Results: The median age of these participants was 28 years (range, 20–36). In Group A, there were statistically significant improvements in the follicular study, SB test, menstrual parameters, and dyspareunia after the trial. In Group B, there were statistically significant improvements in endometrial thickness, Fern test, SB test, amount of menstruation, duration of menstruation, and dysmenorrhea. On comparison, there was a statistically insignificant difference between these two groups in the outcome. Conclusion: Ayurveda purgation-enema therapies and Ayurveda enema-intrauterine therapies are equally effective in the management of female infertility.

Abstract Superoxide anions colliding with benzene molecules at impact energies from 200 to 900 eV are reported for the first time to form massive complexes. With the aid of quantum chemistry calculations, we propose a mechanism in which a sudden double ionization of benzene and the subsequent electrostatic attraction between the dication and the anion form a stable covalently bonded C6H6O2 + molecule, that evolves towards the formation of benzene-diol conformers. These findings lend support to a model presenting a new high energy anion-driven chemistry as an alternative way to form complex molecules.

A series of 3-substituted-spiro-(1,3-dithiolan-2,2′-thiazolidin)-4-ones(2) designed as antimicrobial agents and have been synthesized by the reaction between [1,3]dithiolan-2-ylidene-(substituted-phenyl)amine (1) and mercaptoacetic acid. The reaction between substituted anilines, sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide followed by the reaction of 1, 2-dichloroethane gave quantitatively and analytically pure compound (1). The structure of synthesized compound (1) and (2) is based on spectral (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) as well elemental analysis. These compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial and antitubercular activities. Some of them have showed significant inhibition on bacterial and fungal growth. Few of them showed moderate antitubercular profile. Docking studies of the some novel compounds were performed and results showed that these compounds have good binding energy and have better binding affinity towards the active pocket, thus they may be considered as good inhibitors for selective proteins. Furthermore, computational studies of some derivatives were also performed using Gaussian suite of program.

In the advancement of novel materials, chemistry plays a vital role in developing the realm where we survive. Superalkalis are a group of clusters/molecules having lower ionization potentials (IPs) than that of the cesium atom (3.89 eV) and thus, show excellent reducing properties. However, the chemical industry and material science both heavily rely on such reducing substances; an in silico approach-based design and characterization of superalkalis have been the focus of ongoing studies in this area along with their potential applications. However, although superalkalis have been substantially sophisticated materials over the past couple of decades, there is still room for enumeration of the recent progress going on in various interesting species using computational experiments. In this review, the recent developments in designing/modeling and characterization (theoretically) of a variety of superalkali-based materials have been summarized along with their potential applications. Theoretically acquired properties of some novel superalkali cations (Li3+) and C6Li6 species, etc. for capturing and storing CO2/N2 molecules have been unveiled in this report. Additionally, this report unravels the first-order polarizability-based nonlinear optical (NLO) response features of numerous computationally designed novel superalkali-based materials, for instance, fullerene-like mixed-superalkali-doped B12N12 and B12P12 nanoclusters with good UV transparency and mixed-valent superalkali-based CaN3Ca (a high-sensitivity alkali-earth-based aromatic multi-state NLO molecular switch, and lead-founded halide perovskites designed by incorporating superalkalis, supersalts, and so on) which can indeed be used as a new kind of electronic nanodevice used in designing hi-tech NLO materials. Understanding the mere interactions of alkalides in the gas and liquid phases and the potential to influence how such systems can be extended and applied in the future are also highlighted in this survey. In addition to offering an overview of this research area, it is expected that this review will also provide new insights into the possibility of expanding both the experimental synthesis and the practical use of superalkalis and their related species. Superalkalis present the intriguing possibility of acting as cutting-edge construction blocks of nanomaterials with highly modifiable features that may be utilized for a wide-ranging prospective application.

This paper proposes virtual element methods for approximating the mathematical model consisting of coupled poroelastic and Advection-Diffusion-Reaction (ADR) equations. The space discretization relies on virtual element spaces containing piecewise linear polynomials as well as non-polynomials for displacement, pressure and concentrations, and piecewise constant for total pressure; a backwardEuler scheme is employed for the approximation of time derivative. Using standard techniques of explicit schemes, the well-posedness of the resultant fully discrete scheme is derived. Moreover, under certain regularity assumptions on the mesh, optimal apriori error estimates are established by introducing suitable projection operators. Several numerical experiments are presented to validate the theoretical convergence rate and exhibit the proposed scheme’s performance.

Roof bolts such as rock bolts and cable bolts provide structural support in underground mines. Frequent assessment of these support structures is critical to maintain roof stability and minimise safety risks in underground environments. This study proposes a robust workflow to classify roof bolts in 3D point cloud data and to generate maps of roof bolt density and spacing. The workflow was evaluated for identifying roof bolts in an underground coal mine with suboptimal lighting and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals not available. The approach is based on supervised classification using the multi-scale Canupo classifier coupled with a random sample consensus (RANSAC) shape detection algorithm to provide robust roof bolt identification. The issue of sparseness in point cloud data has been addressed through upsampling by using a moving least squares method. The accuracy of roof bolt identification was measured by correct identification of roof bolts (true positives), unidentified roof bolts (false negatives), and falsely identified roof bolts (false positives) using correctness, completeness, and quality metrics. The proposed workflow achieved correct identification of 89.27% of the roof bolts present in the test area. However, considering the false positives and false negatives, the overall quality metric was reduced to 78.54%.

Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is a rare form of status epilepticus and often refractory to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Persistent seizure activity may increase pro-inflammatory biomarkers locally, which may respond to adjunctive corticosteroid treatment, especially in central nervous system (CNS) infections. We report four children with refractory EPC and the effect of adjunctive corticosteroid in controlling EPC. The duration of EPC ranged between 3 days and 7 months. One patient had secondary generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Cranial computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging was abnormal in three out of four patients; revealing old infarction in one, tuberculoma in one, and neurocysticercosis in one. Electroencephalography revealed spike and sharp wave discharges on the corresponding cerebral hemisphere. The EPC was refractory to 2-6 AEDs. Following corticosteroid treatment, EPC remitted in two patients with CNS infection, and those with infarction and cryptogenic EPC converted to discrete seizures. In AED-resistant EPC, a short course of corticosteroid may be helpful.

Objectives: Congenital absence of pericardium (CAP) is a very rare condition, with an incidence of

Rock bolts have been widely used to enhance the structural stability of underground infrastructures. Careful tracking of rock bolt positions is highly significant since it assists with operational success of ground support and has applications to predictive maintenance practices. This paper presents a practical algorithm, CFBolt, to detect rock bolts from a 3D laser scanned point cloud. Considering that rock bolts are relatively tiny objects, CFBolt follows a two-step coarse-to-fine strategy. It first computes a single-scale proportion of variance (POV) for each point as the local point descriptor and filters out near 95% not-bolt points with a simple but effective classifier, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), which allows for the pruned point cloud to be then used as a compatible input to a deep neural network, designed and trained to precisely detect rock bolts from the pruned point cloud. CFBolt was tested for detecting rock bolts from LiDAR scan data collected from Sydney’s civil tunnelling project site. The entire dataset contains more than 160 million points. The obtained scores of Intersection over Union (IoU) and precision for individual bolt points were 89.33% and 92.04%, respectively. For rock bolt objects, the precision and recall were 98.34% and 98.73%, respectively. The detection quality of CFBolt is superior to the state-of-the-art 3D object detection algorithms and the newest rock bolt detection algorithm, demonstrating the robustness and effectiveness of CFBolt.

Introduction: Cardiac perforation by pacemaker/automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) lead can be a life-threatening emergency. Delayed cardiac perforation by pacemaker/AICD lead is defined as perforation occurring after a period of 1 month following pacemaker/AICD insertion. Delayed perforation is often difficult to identify at first and needs active intervention to prevent complications and death. Materials and Methods: Patients presenting with and operated upon for delayed cardiac perforation following pacemaker/AICD insertion were included in this study. The study was conducted between April 2019 and April 2020. Results: Three patients reported with delayed cardiac perforation after pacemaker insertion. All patients had syncopal episodes, and detection could be easily done using chest X-ray and trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE). Two patients had active fixation leads used for anchoring the lead in the right ventricle (RV). Two patients were female, while one was a male, and all had perforation through the RV apex. Lead reposition was done in two cases, thereby preventing the need for placing additional leads, while a new lead was required in the third case. Conclusion: Early identification of cardiac perforation can be done easily with chest X-ray and TTE, but a high index of suspicion should be kept in mind. Surgical or fluoroscopic intervention may be planned depending on the available expertise and patient condition.

Vasculitis is chronic inflammation resulting in necrosis of blood vessels due to narrowing or occlusion of the lumen. Here we present a case of 28 yrs old woman suffering from medium size vessel vasculitis since childhood. The patient had purulent skin lesions at lateral aspect of lower limbs, fatigue and pain all over the body. There was complaint of bluish discoloration of extremities, especially in winter season. The patients had history of similar skin lesions in past which were treated by allopathic treatment, but this treatment failed in meeting the expectations of patient. These lesions were not responding to the contemporary treatment since a year. The Ayurvedic diagnosis of the case was established as Siragatavata complicated with Dusta Vrana (~infected wound). She was treated with Vrana Prakshalana (doucing of skin ulceration) with Triphala Kwath for initial 15 days followed by Virechan Karma (purgation therapy) with Tilvaka Ghrita in 20 g dose. Erandmooladi Niruha Basti (enema mainly with decoction) with Bala Taila (oil) Anuvasan Basti (enema with oil) for eight days in Yoga Basti Krama (eight days order of enema) was administered after Virechana Karma. The Ayurvedic oral drugs [Ashwagandhaveleha-10 g, Jwarhar Kashaya- 40 ml, Shatavari Churna (powder)-3 gm, Vidanga Churna-2 g Kaishor Guggulu-500mg and Shilajatwadi Loha-500mg] twice a day for 12 months were also administered in the case. Skin lesions healed after a month of treatment and there was no relapse in more than 18months follow up. Patient was lean and thin and underweight at the beginning of the treatment. There was 4 Kg increase in weight during the treatment. There were no complaints of paresthesia, pain and fatigue after 18 months of treatment. No bluish discoloration was noted during this period. Presently patient is stable with Ayurvedic medications. The case study shows that medium size vessels vasculitis may be managed with Panchakarma procedures and Ayurvedic medication with satisfactory outcome. However, large sample studies are required for definitive conclusion.

Objectives: Moringa oleifera Lam. (FamilyMoringaceae) is indigenous to sub-Himalayan tract and is commonly grown across the country. Numerous uses are mentioned in classics which revealed that the whole plant or its specific parts has been utilized as Sothahara (~decrease edema, Kusthaghana (~skin disease), Jawaraghana (~fever), Krimighana (Antihelmenthic) etc. Researches has been done on the potency of this plant which discloses activities of the extract and isolated molecules of this plant without any toxic effects such as antibacterial, antihelminthic, antifungal, antifertility, anticancer, antioxidant, hepato-protective, anti-arthritic, diuretic, antiviral etc. activities. Many phytochemicals have been also isolated from the different parts of this plant. The main objective of the present work is to highlight the potency of this plant as antibacterial antihelminthic, antifungal, antifertility, anticancer, antioxidant, hepato-protective, anti- arthritic, diuretic, antiviral etc. activities. Data Source: Ayurvedic texts, research journals and database. Review Methods: The Ayurvedic texts were scrutinized for the drug description and the recent researches from the journal and database were studied. Results: Present study revealed that there are numerous traditional uses, and evidences of pharmacological potency additionally the present review also illustrates its phytochemical profile, comparison between Ayurvedic and bio medicinal uses, which will be helpful for future researchers. Conclusion: But still it is underutilized established medicinal plant because its huge potentials are still uncovered like as in classical text property of this plant is stated as Grabhastravahara (Antiabortic) but in biomedicine research done which disclose abortifacient activity, for that reason there is demand for further research which based on its phytotherapeutical importance.

Medicinal leech therapy or Hirudino therapy have roots back in ancient civilization. It was a prevalent form of therapy in various ailments. The novel Ayurveda text Sushruta Samhita devoted a complete chapter on hirudino therapy. In the early 20th century this therapy had a major setback due to origin and evolution of antibiotics. There was a discontinuity in the flow of knowledge about this therapy. Then, resumed and revived after few recent decades, due to its contribution in reconstructive surgeries. During this period, the research work on various aspects have been conducted. The present paper summarizes the various aspects of medicinal leech therapy both from Ayurveda text and the present knowledge and to enable the fraternity to use the both source for benefits of humankind.