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5. Evaluation of Reading Attitudes, Motivation and Interests in Preadolescents and Adolescents

Author

Artola, Teresa, Sastre, Santiago, Jiménez-Blanco, Amelia, and Alvarado, Jesús Mª

Abstract

Introduction: Attitude, motivation and interests in reading are three fundamental aspects of reading as entertainment. ACTIM-LEC is an instrument designed to measure these components, and also includes other relevant factors in establishing a reading habit, such as attitude towards study and reading preferences. The objective of the present research was to validate the factor structure of this instrument in the pre-adolescent and adolescent population. Method: The ACTIM-LEC was applied to a sample of 1904 students (51% male), 525 sixth-graders and 1379 secondary students, with a mean age of 14.07 (SD = 1.48). The instrument's psychometric properties and factor structure were evaluated, as well as possible differences according to grade in school or gender. Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of the ACTIM-LEC shows adequate goodness of fit to the proposed five-factor model. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant main effect for both gender and school grade Conclusions: The ACTIM-LEC is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the proposed factors in forming a reading habit. Girls obtained higher overall scores, and scores decreased over progressive years of schooling.

Published
2021

11. Catalytic Mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosisMethionine Sulfoxide Reductase A

Author

Sastre, Santiago, Manta, Bruno, Semelak, Jonathan A., Estrin, Dario, Trujillo, Madia, Radi, Rafael, and Zeida, Ari

Abstract

The oxidation of Met to methionine sulfoxide (MetSO) by oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, or peroxynitrite has profound effects on protein function. This modification can be reversed by methionine sulfoxide reductases (msr). In the context of pathogen infection, the reduction of oxidized proteins gains significance due to microbial oxidative damage generated by the immune system. For example, Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mt) utilizes msrs (MtmsrA and MtmsrB) as part of the repair response to the host-induced oxidative stress. The absence of these enzymes makes Mycobacteriaprone to increased susceptibility to cell death, pointing them out as potential therapeutic targets. This study provides a detailed characterization of the catalytic mechanism of MtmsrA using a comprehensive approach, including experimental techniques and theoretical methodologies. Confirming a ping-pong type enzymatic mechanism, we elucidate the catalytic parameters for sulfoxide and thioredoxin substrates (kcat/KM= 2656 ± 525 M–1s–1and 1.7 ± 0.8 × 106M–1s–1, respectively). Notably, the entropic nature of the activation process thermodynamics, representing ∼85% of the activation free energy at room temperature, is underscored. Furthermore, the current study questions the plausibility of a sulfurane intermediate, which may be a transition-state-like structure, suggesting the involvement of a conserved histidine residue as an acid–base catalyst in the MetSO reduction mechanism. This mechanistic insight not only advances our understanding of Mtantioxidant enzymes but also holds implications for future drug discovery and biotechnological applications.

Published
2024
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13. Why Teach?

Author

Gratacós, Gloria, primary, López-Gómez, Ernesto, additional, Nocito, Guiomar, additional, and Sastre, Santiago, additional

Published
2017
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16. EmocioCine: Evaluación de la Inteligencia Emocional en población infanto-juvenil a partir de escenas cinematográficas.

Author

Sastre, Santiago, Artola, Teresa, Alvarado, Jesús M., Jiménez-Blanco, Amelia, Azañedo, Carolina M., and Sastre, Pablo

Subjects
*EMOTIONAL intelligence, *MOVIE scenes, *EMOTION regulation, *INTELLIGENCE tests, *TEST validity
Abstract

Introduction: Numerous studies confirm the importance of the development of emotional skills in the early stages of life, as well as the need for reliable and valid instruments for their measurement. EmocioCine is a new Emotional Intelligence test that consists of viewing 15 short fiction movie scenes with a high emotional content through which the ability to perceive, use, understand and manage one's own emotions and those of others is evaluated. Method: The aim of this article is to describe the process applied in the construction of EmocioCine, targeting children and adolescents, which measures the branches of perception, facilitation, understanding and regulation of Emotional Intelligence, as well as to present the results of several studies that tested its validity. A total of 504 students participated in the validation studies, of whom 43.7% were male and 56.3% female, with an age range between 9 and 16 years (M = 11.87 and SD = 1.93). Results: The results indicate that EmocioCine shows strong evidence in relation to construct validity as well as to the test's content and theoretical model. Conclusion: Based on this validation study, we conclude that EmocioCine is an instrument that can be useful for clinical and educational intervention, as well as in the field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. Thiol-based mucolytics exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 through allosteric disulfide disruption in the spike glycoprotein

Author

Shi, Yunlong, primary, Zeida, Ari, additional, Edwards, Caitlin E., additional, Mallory, Michael L., additional, Sastre, Santiago, additional, Machado, Matías R., additional, Pickles, Raymond J., additional, Fu, Ling, additional, Liu, Keke, additional, Yang, Jing, additional, Baric, Ralph S., additional, Boucher, Richard C., additional, Radi, Rafael, additional, and Carroll, Kate S., additional

Published
2021
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21. Relación entre consumo de alcohol, uso de Internet y teléfono móvil, sintomatología prefrontal y mindfulnes disposicional en estudiantes universitarios [Alcohol use in relation to Internet and mobile phone use, prefrontal symptomology and dispositional mindfulness in university students.]

Author

Valiente Barroso, Carlos, Martínez Vicente, Marta, Sastre, Santiago, García Piñera, Daniel, Alvarado Izquierdo, Jesús María, Valiente Barroso, Carlos, Martínez Vicente, Marta, Sastre, Santiago, García Piñera, Daniel, and Alvarado Izquierdo, Jesús María

Abstract

This study analyzes the relationship between the type of alcohol use and parameters associated with addictive behaviors, such as abnormal use of the Internet and mobile devices, prefrontal symptoms and dispositional mindfulness in 509 university students from Madrid (Spain). The present study was multivariate, inferential, descriptive and nonexperimental, using discriminant analysis to study the predictive nature of the variables considered in weekend alcohol use, with participants classified into three groups (low, medium and high use). The results indicate that high alcohol use was related to greater Internet and mobile phone use, greater irritability and under executive control, as well as a lower mindfulness level. Longitudinal studies are needed to analyze, among other aspects, the mediating role of dispositional mindfulness in alcohol use, use of technologies and executive functioning.

Published
2021

25. Thiol-based chemical probes exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 via allosteric disulfide disruption in the spike glycoprotein.

Author

Yunlong Shi, Zeida, Ari, Edwards, Caitlin E., Mallory, Michael L., Sastre, Santiago, Machado, Matías R., Pickles, Raymond J., Ling Fu, Keke Liu, Jing Yang, Baric, Ralph S., Boucher, Richard C., Radi, Rafael, and Carroll, Kate S.

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, ANGIOTENSIN converting enzyme, REDUCING agents, COVID-19 pandemic, FIREPROOFING agents, CORONAVIRUSES
Abstract

The development of small-molecules targeting different components of SARS-CoV-2 is a key strategy to complement antibody-based treatments and vaccination campaigns in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we show that two thiol-based chemical probes that act as reducing agents, P2119 and P2165, inhibit infection by human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, and decrease the binding of spike glycoprotein to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Proteomics and reactive cysteine pro-filing link the antiviral activity to the reduction of key disulfides, specifically by disruption of the Cys379-Cys432 and Cys391-Cys525 pairs distal to the receptor binding motif in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein. Computational analyses provide insight into conformation changes that occur when these disulfides break or form, consistent with an allosteric role, and indicate that P2119/P2165 target a conserved hydrophobic binding pocket in the RBD with the benzyl thiol-reducing moiety pointed directly toward Cys432. These collective findings establish the vulnerability of human coronaviruses to thiol-based chemical probes and lay the groundwork for developing compounds of this class, as a strategy to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 infection by shifting the spike glycoprotein redox scaffold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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30. Evaluación de las actitudes e intereses hacia la lectura: validación de un instrumento para lectores principiantes

Author

Artola González, Teresa, Sastre, Santiago, Alvarado Izquierdo, Jesús María, Artola González, Teresa, Sastre, Santiago, and Alvarado Izquierdo, Jesús María

Abstract

This article presents an instrument for the evaluation of reading attitudes and interests of Spanish students who have just started to read, that derives from the scale developed by Meirisuo-Storm & Soinien (2012). Attitude and motivation can be one of the main reasons why most readers read and possibly the main reason why many do not read. The important role that they play, however, has often been ignored. The questionnaire assesses five dimensions related to reading: motivation towards reading, reader’s interests, attitudes toward social reading, perception of reading competence and motivation towards learning or study. A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out with a sample of 1135 second graders, with an age between 7 and 8.4 years old (median 7.7 and standard derivation=0.99). This analysis shows a good fit of the five factor model to the data. Also invariance studies have been done to prove that the instrument can be applied without significant biases to 2nd grade boys and girls. Once the main sources of invariance were eliminated, the analysis showed some significant sex differences: girls showed greater motivation towards reading and more positive attitudes toward social reading, while boys showed a better perception of their reading competence. Also interesting differences in reader’s interests were observed. It is concluded that this instrument can be useful as it can help teachers estimate levels of attitude and motivation of their students in a reliable manner, as well as for the evaluation of specific students and for the estimation of the changes that occur in attitudes following intervention programmes., Se presenta un instrumento de evaluación de las actitudes e intereses lectores destinado a estudiantes de los primeros cursos de Primaria, que se deriva de la escala elaborada por Meirisuo-Storm y Soininen (2012). La actitud y la motivación pueden ser dos de las principales razones por las que la mayoría de los lectores leen: no obstante, a menudo se ha ignorado el importante papel que éstas desempeñan. El cuestionario evalúa cinco dimensiones: motivación hacia la lectura, intereses lectores, actitudes hacia la lectura social, percepción de la competencia lectora y motivación hacia el aprendizaje y el estudio. Se ha llevado a cabo un análisis factorial confirmatorio con una muestra de 1135 estudiantes de 2º de Primaria, con una edad de entre 7 y 8.4 años (media 7.7 y DT=0.99). Dicho análisis muestra un buen ajuste del modelo de cinco factores a los datos. Asimismo, se han realizado los estudios de invarianza exigibles para que el instrumento pueda aplicarse en niños y niñas de 2º de Primaria. Tras eliminar las fuentes de invarianza, el análisis muestra algunas diferencias de género significativas: las niñas presentan una mayor motivación hacia la lectura y una actitud más positiva hacia la lectura social, mientras que los niños muestran una mejor percepción de la competencia lectora. Además, se observan importantes diferencias en los intereses lectores. Se concluye que este instrumento puede servir de gran ayuda al profesorado para estimar los niveles de actitud y motivación del alumnado de forma fiable, así como para la evaluación de estudiantes específicos y para la estimación de los cambios que se producen en las actitudes tras programas de intervención.

Published
2018

33. Diferencias de género en actitudes e intereses lectores: una investigación con alumnos españoles de primaria

Author

Artola González, Teresa, Sastre, Santiago, Barraca Mairal, Jorge, Artola González, Teresa, Sastre, Santiago, and Barraca Mairal, Jorge

Abstract

INTRODUCTION. The aim of this article is to contribute to the study of the gender gap in reading through the analysis of the differences between Spanish sixth grade boys and girls in regards to their motivation towards reading, reading interests and choices and the perception of their reading profi-ciency. METHOD. The research was carried out with a sample of 968 Spanish students, 478 boys and 490 girls, attending the sixth grade of Primary Education in 15 different schools. An adaptation of a questionnaire employed in previous research conducted in 2013 with second grade students was used for assessing their attitudes and interests towards reading. RESULTS. This study found significant differences between sixth grade boys and girls in their motivation towards reading, their attitude towards social reading, and their overall general reading attitude. Among other things, this study shows that girls have more favorable attitudes related with these variables. Likewise significant differences were found in regards to reading interests and the type of materials that girls and boys preferred. No significant differences were found in their perception of reading competence. DIS-CUSSION. This study leads to interesting conclusions related with the use of strategies to promote reading, for both girls and boys, as well as to information that can be useful for motivating children towards reading at this important stage of transition between primary and secondary education., INTRODUCTION. L’objectif de cet article est de faire une contribution à l’étude de la diversité entre les sexes en analysant les différences entre les garçons et les filles espagnols au 6ème année du primaire dans leur motivation par la lecture, leurs goûts et la perception que tous les deux ont de leur niveau de compétence de compréhension à l’écrit. MÉTHODE. L’échantillon a été composé par 968 élèves espagnols, 478 de sexe masculin et 490 de sexe féminin, au 6ème année du primaire appartenant à 15 écoles différentes. Pour évaluer leurs comportements et leurs intérêts, il a été utilisé l’adaptation d’un questionnaire employé et validée dans une recherche préalable réalisée en 2013 avec des élèves au 2ème année du primaire. RÉSULTATS. Les résultats montrent l’existence de différences significatives entre les garçons et les filles au 6ème année du primaire dans leur motivation par la lecture, leurs attitudes envers la lecture sociale ou collective et leurs comportements en général. Dans l’analyse des variables les filles montrent avoir des comportements plus favorables. Des différences significatives dans la per-ception que les garçons et les filles ont de leur compréhension à l’écrit ne sont pas observés. Il est en outre noté un grand nombre de différences significatives dans les goûts par la lecture et le type de matériaux qui sont les plus attirants chez les filles ou chez les garçons. DISCUS-SION. À partir de cette étude s’obtient des informations qui peuvent nous servir de ressources utiles pour motiver la pratique de la lecture dans des élèves au moment de transit entre l’école primaire et l’école secondaire obligatoire., El objetivo del presente artículo es contribuir al estudio de la diversidad entre sexos en la lectura mediante el análisis de las diferencias entre niños y niñas españoles de sexto de primaria en su motivación hacia la lectura, sus intereses lectores y la percepción que tienen de su nivel de competencia lectora. MÉTODO. La muestra ha estado compuesta por 968 alumnos españoles, 478 varones y 490 mujeres, que cursan sexto de primaria en 15 colegios diferentes. Para la evaluación de sus actitudes e intereses se ha utilizado una adaptación de un cuestionario utilizado y validado en una investigación previa realizada en 2013 con alumnos de segundo de primaria. RESULTADOS. Los resultados muestran la existencia de diferencias significativas entre niños y niñas de sexto de primaria en su motivación hacia la lectura, su actitud hacia la lectura social o colectiva y su actitud general, obteniendo en estas variables las niñas actitudes más favorables. No se observan diferencias significativas en la percepción que niños y niñas tienen de su competencia lectora. Asimismo se observa un gran número de diferencias significativas en los intereses lectores y en el tipo de materiales que resultan atractivos para niñas y niños. DISCUSIÓN. De este estudio se deriva interesante información que puede ayudarnos a motivar hacia la lectura a niños y niñas en este importante momento de tránsito entre la educación primaria y la educación secundaria obligatoria.

Published
2017

34. Adolescents’ sensitivity in social interactions: an evaluation procedure using film clips / La sensibilidad a las interacciones sociales en adolescentes: un procedimiento de evaluación con escenas cinematográficas.

Author

Sastre, Santiago, Artola, Teresa, and Alvarado, Jesús M.

Subjects
*ADOLESCENT psychology, *SOCIAL interaction, *FILM excerpts, *EMOTIONAL intelligence, *SECONDARY education, *SENSITIVITY analysis
Abstract

This article presents a procedure designed to evaluate adolescents’ sensitivity in social interactions, an essential component of emotional intelligence, by viewing film clips. The instrument was tested on a sample of 1,536 students in the first and second cycles of secondary education. The construct validity of the measure and its relationship with other variables, by applying factor techniques, discriminant analysis and multiple regression, was evaluated. Regarding the dimensionality, the confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit of the sensitivity scores to a one-dimensional model, χ2(35) = 45.75,p = .11,RMSEA = .02,CFI = .94 andTLI = .92. The discriminant analysis allowed the classification of subjects’ responses into sensitive, ingenuous and over-interpretative responses according to their cognitive maturity (χ2(6) = 91.19,p < .001) and sex (χ2(2) = 11.23,p = .004). The multiple regression analysis showed that sensitivity is related to sex, self-expression in social situations, acceptance by the father and interpersonal intelligence (multiple validity = .46). En este artículo se presenta un procedimiento para evaluar en adolescentes la sensibilidad a las interacciones sociales, un componente esencial de la inteligencia emocional, a partir de la visualización de escenas cinematográficas. El instrumento se probó en 1,536 estudiantes de primer y segundo ciclo de Educación Secundaria, en los que se evaluó la validez de constructo de la medida y su relación con otras variables aplicando técnicas factoriales, de análisis discriminante y regresión múltiple. Respecto a la dimensionalidad, el análisis factorial confirmatorio muestra un buen ajuste de las puntuaciones de sensibilidad a un modelo unidimensional χ2(35) = 45.75,p= .11,RMSEA= .02,CFI= .94 yTLI= .92. El análisis discriminante permite clasificar a los sujetos según sus repuestas en sensibles, ingenuos y de respuesta sobre-interpretativa en función de la madurez cognitiva (χ2(6) = 91.19,p< .001) y el sexo (χ2(2) = 11.23,p= .004) del sujeto. El análisis de regresión múltiple muestra que la sensibilidad se relaciona con el sexo, la autoexpresión en situaciones sociales, la aceptación por parte del padre y la inteligencia interpersonal (validez múltiple = .46). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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36. Relación entre consumo de alcohol, uso de Internet y teléfono móvil, sintomatología prefrontal y mindfulnes disposicional en estudiantes universitarios.

Author

Valiente Barroso, Carlos, Martínez Vicente, Marta, Sastre, Santiago, García Piñera, Daniel, and Alvarado Izquierdo, Jesús Maria

Subjects
*ALCOHOL drinking, *COMPULSIVE behavior, *WIRELESS Internet, *EXECUTIVE function, *CELL phones
Abstract

Alcohol use in relation to Internet and mobile phone use, prefrontal symptomology and dispositional mindfulness in university students. This study analyzes the relationship between the type of alcohol use and parameters associated with addictive behaviors, such as abnormal use of the Internet and mobile devices, prefrontal symptoms and dispositional mindfulness in 509 university students from Madrid (Spain). The present study was multivariate, inferential, descriptive and nonexperimental, using discriminant analysis to study the predictive nature of the variables considered in weekend alcohol use, with participants classified into three groups (low, medium and high use). The results indicate that high alcohol use was related to greater Internet and mobile phone use, greater irritability and under executive control, as well as a lower mindfulness level. Longitudinal studies are needed to analyze, among other aspects, the mediating role of dispositional mindfulness in alcohol use, use of technologies and executive functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

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