3,778 results on '"Satellite (biology)"'
Search Results
2. Distributed User Association With Grouping in Satellite–Terrestrial Integrated Networks
- Author
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Shipeng Li, Qianbin Chen, Jinsong Wu, and Cui-Qin Dai
- Subjects
biology ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Hardware and Architecture ,Computer science ,Association (object-oriented programming) ,Signal Processing ,Satellite (biology) ,biology.organism_classification ,Cartography ,Computer Science Applications ,Information Systems - Published
- 2022
3. The genetics and epigenetics of satellite centromeres
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Steven Henikoff and Paul B. Talbert
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Epigenomics ,Genetics ,biology ,Centromere ,Centromere protein B ,biology_other ,Break-Induced Replication ,biology.organism_classification ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Nucleosomes ,Molecular drive ,Histones ,Satellite (biology) ,Epigenetics ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
Centromeres, the chromosomal loci where spindle fibers attach during cell division to segregate chromosomes, are typically found within satellite arrays in plants and animals. Satellite arrays have been difficult to analyze because they comprise megabases of tandem head-to-tail highly repeated DNA sequences. Much evidence suggests that centromeres are epigenetically defined by the location of nucleosomes containing the centromere-specific histone H3 variant cenH3, independently of the DNA sequences where they are located; however, the reason that cenH3 nucleosomes are generally found on rapidly evolving satellite arrays has remained unclear. Recently, long read sequencing technology has clarified the structures of satellite arrays and sparked rethinking of how they evolve, while new experiments and analyses have helped bring both understanding and further speculation about the role these highly repeated sequences play in centromere identification.
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- 2022
4. A 6.5Gb/s Shared Bus Using Electromagnetic Connectors for Downsizing and Lightening Satellite Processor System
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Atsutake Kosuge, Mototsugu Hamada, and Tadahiro Kuroda
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biology ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Signal Processing ,Satellite (biology) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,biology.organism_classification ,Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design ,Computer hardware - Published
- 2022
5. Optimal Cooperative Transmission for Overlay Cognitive Satellite Terrestrial Networks
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Yongzhao Li, Xiting Wen, Rui Zhang, and Yuhan Ruan
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biology ,Transmission (telecommunications) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Modeling and Simulation ,Satellite (biology) ,Cognition ,Overlay ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,biology.organism_classification ,Computer Science Applications ,Computer network - Published
- 2022
6. Throughput Analysis for TCP Over the FSO-Based Satellite-Assisted Internet of Vehicles
- Author
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Le Doan Hoang, Thanh V. Pham, Phuc V. Trinh, Morio Toyoshima, Kubooka Toshihiro, Carrasco-Casado Alberto, Anh T. Pham, and Dimitar Kolev
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biology ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Automotive Engineering ,Aerospace Engineering ,Satellite (biology) ,The Internet ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,biology.organism_classification ,business ,Throughput (business) ,Computer network - Published
- 2022
7. Epigenetic evidence for distinct contributions of resident and acquired myonuclei during long-term exercise adaptation using timed in vivo myonuclear labeling
- Author
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Yuan Wen, Kevin A. Murach, Ferdinand von Walden, and Cory M. Dungan
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Male ,Time Factors ,Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle ,Physiology ,Green Fluorescent Proteins ,Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ,Mice, Transgenic ,Biology ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Mice ,Physical Conditioning, Animal ,Animals ,Epigenetics ,Transcription factor ,Cell Nucleus ,Staining and Labeling ,Rapid Report ,Protein turnover ,Promoter ,Cell Biology ,Methylation ,biology.organism_classification ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Cell biology ,DNA methylation ,Satellite (biology) ,Stem cell - Abstract
Muscle fibers are syncytial postmitotic cells that can acquire exogenous nuclei from resident muscle stem cells, called satellite cells. Myonuclei are added to muscle fibers by satellite cells during conditions such as load-induced hypertrophy. It is difficult to dissect the molecular contributions of resident versus satellite cell-derived myonuclei during adaptation due to the complexity of labeling distinct nuclear populations in multinuclear cells without label transference between nuclei. To sidestep this barrier, we used a genetic mouse model where myonuclear DNA can be specifically and stably labeled via nonconstitutive H2B-GFP at any point in the lifespan. Resident myonuclei (Mn) were GFP-tagged in vivo before 8 wk of progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR) in adult mice (>4-mo-old). Resident + satellite cell-derived myonuclei (Mn+SC Mn) were labeled at the end of PoWeR in a separate cohort. Following myonuclear isolation, promoter DNA methylation profiles acquired with low-input reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) were compared to deduce epigenetic contributions of satellite cell-derived myonuclei during adaptation. Resident myonuclear DNA has hypomethylated promoters in genes related to protein turnover, whereas the addition of satellite cell-derived myonuclei shifts myonuclear methylation profiles to favor transcription factor regulation and cell-cell signaling. By comparing myonucleus-specific methylation profiling to previously published single-nucleus transcriptional analysis in the absence (Mn) versus the presence of satellite cells (Mn+SC Mn) with PoWeR, we provide evidence that satellite cell-derived myonuclei may preferentially supply specific ribosomal proteins to growing myofibers and retain an epigenetic “memory” of prior stem cell identity. These data offer insights on distinct epigenetic myonuclear characteristics and contributions during adult muscle growth.
- Published
- 2022
8. A Mediatised Conflict: The Mediatisation of Palestinian Split in Pan-Arab Transnational Satellite TV Journalism
- Author
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Husseın Alahmad
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biology ,Mediatisation ,Political science ,Media studies ,Journalism ,Media logic ,Satellite (biology) ,General Medicine ,Computer-mediated reality ,biology.organism_classification - Abstract
This paper explores the behind the scenes interplay between regional and Palestinian political actors through pan-Arab transnational satellite TV (PASTV) news media, during the Palestinian internal conflict sparked in 2007 between Fatah and Hamas. Primary focus is on the influential role played by PASTV journalism in shaping Palestinian political decision-making process during this interplay. The interplay between politics and news media forms the core discussion in the theory of ‘mediatisation’, which -informs the theoretical framework in this paper, also refers to such interplay as a struggle between ‘political logic’ and ‘news media logic’. Such a struggle reflects the difference between "neutral" and "participant" journalism, and how that might influence political processes and political culture. The paper examines, from an informant’s perspective, how such transnational political communication took place, also the aims each political player attempted to achieve through the mediated reality shaped in PASTV journalism. The paper demonstrates with evidence how the role played by PASTV journalism was not an accidental occurrence, but an extension of their regional financers’ interests in the conflict. While trying to reinforce the political clout of their Palestinian ally and maximize public sympathy towards his position, the exacerbation and perpetuation of the split become consequences.
- Published
- 2021
9. Predation of satellite-tagged juvenile loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean
- Author
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MC James and KE Hall
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Fishery ,QL1-991 ,Ecology ,biology ,QK1-989 ,Botany ,Juvenile ,Satellite (biology) ,biology.organism_classification ,Zoology ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Predation - Abstract
We present evidence of predator interactions with 8 juvenile loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta equipped with pop-up satellite archival transmitting tags (PSATs) following incidental capture in the Northwest Atlantic. Ingestion of PSATs occurred up to 5 mo after tagging and was identified by an abrupt change in depth distribution, a stabilization and/or increase in ambient temperature and a marked drop in light levels to near zero, with cessation of diel light level cycling. In some cases, following expulsion from the digestive tract of predators, positively buoyant PSATs descended to the sea floor or beyond the programmed release depth threshold (1800 m), indicating that they remained tethered to the indigestible carapaces of turtles and that the entire turtle was originally consumed. PSAT data, combined with the sudden termination of satellite uplinks from 2 loggerheads also equipped with platform transmitting terminals, provided additional evidence of whole-turtle predation. PSAT data indicated that both endothermic and ectothermic sharks ingested tags. Based on PSAT-logged temperature data, dive patterns and geographic distribution, the following shark species were considered as candidate predators: white, porbeagle, shortfin mako, tiger and blue. This study represents the first analysis of data collected by loggerhead turtle PSATs inside predators. The results expand the list of shark species known to prey on large juvenile loggerheads and point to the importance of acknowledging predation as an important source of mortality for loggerhead turtles in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean.
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- 2021
10. On Autonomous Reconfiguration of SAR Satellite Formation Flight With Continuous Control
- Author
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P.A. Servidia and Martin Espana
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biology ,Computer science ,Real-time computing ,Control (management) ,Aerospace Engineering ,Control reconfiguration ,Satellite (biology) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2021
11. The technology for detection of gamma-ray burst with GECAM satellite
- Author
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H. J. Lu, C. Y. Li, L. Chang, Fan Zhang, C. Cai, Yongqiang Chen, X. Y. Wen, F. J. Lu, Cheng Chen, H. Wang, XiangYang Wen, Liangbin Li, G. Li, J. P. Yu, Y. G. Li, Bin Meng, Mao-Shun Li, W. X. Peng, Y. S. Wang, Chun-sheng Zhang, J. Z. Wang, K. Gong, S. Xiao, D. J. Hou, Z. H. An, J. Huang, J. J. He, X. H. Liang, Y. B. Xu, Yuan-Yuan Du, D. L. Zhang, Xilei Sun, H. Z. Wang, Z. Chang, Sisi Yang, G. F. Chen, X. K. Zhou, Xiaoran Zhao, Yang Liu, Min Gao, Shaolin Xiong, Fei Zhang, F. Shi, J. W. Yang, Y. P. Xu, Xuelong Li, D. Y. Guo, C. S. Zhang, Y. Zhao, Qi-Bin Yi, R. Gao, S. N. Zhang, Kaili Zhang, X. J. Liu, X. B. Han, X. Q. Li, and C. Y. Zhang
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,biology ,Satellite (biology) ,biology.organism_classification ,Gamma-ray burst ,Remote sensing - Published
- 2021
12. The Satellite Cell at 60: The Foundation Years
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Peter S. Zammit and Elise N. Engquist
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myofibre ,Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle ,muscle regulatory factors ,Review ,MyoD ,Muscle Development ,History, 21st Century ,Mice ,Myf5 ,Myocyte ,Animals ,Humans ,skeletal muscle ,Muscle, Skeletal ,muscle regeneration ,biology ,Myogenesis ,Lineage markers ,PAX7 Transcription Factor ,Cell Differentiation ,History, 20th Century ,biology.organism_classification ,Pax7 ,Cell biology ,Transplantation ,Neurology ,Myogenic Regulatory Factors ,MYF5 ,Satellite (biology) ,Myogenin ,Neurology (clinical) ,Stem cell ,Satellite cell - Abstract
The resident stem cell for skeletal muscle is the satellite cell. On the 50th anniversary of its discovery in 1961, we described the history of skeletal muscle research and the seminal findings made during the first 20 years in the life of the satellite cell (Scharner and Zammit 2011, doi: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-28). These studies established the satellite cell as the source of myoblasts for growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Now on the 60th anniversary, we highlight breakthroughs in the second phase of satellite cell research from 1980 to 2000. These include technical innovations such as isolation of primary satellite cells and viable muscle fibres complete with satellite cells in their niche, together with generation of many useful reagents including genetically modified organisms and antibodies still in use today. New methodologies were combined with description of endogenous satellite cells markers, notably Pax7. Discovery of the muscle regulatory factors Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4 in the late 1980s revolutionized understanding of the control of both developmental and regerenative myogenesis. Emergence of genetic lineage markers facilitated identification of satellite cells in situ, and also empowered transplantation studies to examine satellite cell function. Finally, satellite cell heterogeneity and the supportive role of non-satellite cell types in muscle regeneration were described. These major advances in methodology and in understanding satellite cell biology provided further foundations for the dramatic escalation of work on muscle stem cells in the 21st century.
- Published
- 2021
13. PURPOSE OF USING CUBESAT SATELLITE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MILITARY DOMAIN
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Danuț Turcu and Gheorghe Adrian Stan
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biology ,Computer science ,business.industry ,CubeSat ,Satellite (biology) ,Aerospace engineering ,biology.organism_classification ,business ,Domain (software engineering) - Abstract
The increasing usage of space capabilities in the military domain highly requires the development of Nanosatellite polar constellations. In this paper we will analyze the main features of small satellites constellations that could be useful in military purposes. The Nanosatellite or CubeSat technology aim at miniaturization, high modularity and software defined payload, allowing the functionality of entire military space applications and services portfolio, at major low financial costs, translating its scalability and flexibility into a capability. In addition, the efficient combination between low latency and high throughput bandwidth, integrated in federated mega-constellation architectures, transforms CubeSat satellite networks into resilient platforms for development of advanced technologies (5G, IoT), according with the military requirements standards.
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- 2021
14. Review of Different Geospatial Perspectives for the Identification and Mitigation of Potential Security Threats to Satellite Platforms
- Author
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Luis Diego Monge Solano
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Geospatial analysis ,biology ,cybersecurity ,Computer science ,TL1-4050 ,earth observation ,biology.organism_classification ,computer.software_genre ,Data science ,Identification (information) ,satellites ,geospatial technology ,machine learning ,Military Science ,Automotive Engineering ,Satellite (biology) ,computer ,Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics - Abstract
Satellite infrastructure plays a vital role in today's world. As more systems rely on this technology it increasingly becomes a target for security threats. The existence of such risks has been acknowledged internationally as more resources are allocated to their study and understanding. In this context, studying satellite technologies from a geospatial perspective has provided a situational awareness understanding of the technology ecosystem and its strengths, limitations, and vulnerabilities. New technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain must be studied to generate security countermeasures for satellite technologies.
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- 2021
15. Electrodynamic Tethering: An Energy Source for Satellite
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T Guna Durga Prashanth
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Physics ,biology ,Tethering ,Physics::Space Physics ,Satellite (biology) ,biology.organism_classification ,Energy source ,Remote sensing - Abstract
There is a tremendous force interest for the satellites which the nations have been utilizing over a long time for correspondence, spying, tests, analysis, etc; and tracking down an elective energy hotspots for satellite has been a major undertaking that must be settled as quickly as time permits and electrodynamic tie situation can be the ideal decision for the force supplanting framework. The current existing strategies are somewhat more established, fusy and should be changed for expanded use office of a satellite. Electrodynamic ties are long, dainty conductive wires which are conveyed in space appended to the plasma bend generator of the satellite framework and can be utilized to create power by eliminating the motor energy from their orbital movement, or to deliver push while adding energy from an on board source. regardless , the frictional or push power is created electrodynamically , through the communication between the moving charges only the electrons of the ionospheric plasma and the attractive field of earth. Electrodynamic ties work by temperance of the power an attractive field applies on a current conveying wire which is only the lorentz power. Generally, it is a shrewd method of getting an electric flow to stream in a long directing wire that is circling Earth, so that world's attractive field will apply a power on and speed up the wire and thus any payload appended to it. By switching the bearing of current in it, a similar tie can be utilized to de-circle old satellite and once again circle them if necessary under the fundamental circumstances. Electrodynamic ties have solid potential for giving propellant less impetus to rocket in low-Earth orbit(LEO) for applications, for example, satellite deorbit circle boosting, and station keeping. The tie, in any case, is anything but an unbending pole held above or beneath the rocket. Keywords: Electrodynamic, Ionospheric plasma, LEO, Tethers, Deorbit, Reorbit, plasma arc generator.
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- 2021
16. Pansharpening of Satellite Images with Convolutional Sparse Coding and Adaptive PCNN-Based Approach
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Rajesh Gogineni, Shailesh Panchal, Rajesh A. Thakker, and Dhara J. Sangani
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biology ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Satellite (biology) ,Pattern recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Neural coding ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2021
17. Replacement of owl monkey centromere satellite by a newly evolved variant was a recent and rapid process
- Author
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Hidenori Nishihara, Hideyuki Tanabe, Roscoe Stanyon, and Akihiko Koga
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Heterochromatin ,Satellite DNA ,Lineage (evolution) ,Centromere ,Cell Biology ,DNA, Satellite ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,DNA sequencing ,Molecular evolution ,Evolutionary biology ,Genetics ,Animals ,Aotidae ,Satellite (biology) ,Repeated sequence ,Centromere Protein A ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Alpha satellite DNA is a major DNA component of primate centromeres. We previously reported that Azara's owl monkey has two types of alpha satellite DNA, OwlAlp1 and OwlAlp2. OwlAlp2 (344 bp) exhibits a sequence similarity throughout its entire length with alpha satellite DNA of closely related species. OwlAlp1 (185 bp) corresponds to the part of OwlAlp2. Based on the observation that the CENP-A protein binds to OwlAlp1, we proposed that OwlAlp1 is a relatively new repetitive DNA that replaced OwlAlp2 as the centromeric satellite DNA. However, a detailed picture of the evolutionary process of this centromere DNA replacement remains largely unknown. Here, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of OwlAlp1 and OwlAlp2 sequences, and also compared our results to alpha satellite DNA sequences of other primate species. We found that: (i) OwlAlp1 exhibits a higher similarity to OwlAlp2 than to alpha satellite DNA of other species, (ii) OwlAlp1 has a single origin, and (iii) sequence variation is lower in OwlAlp1 than in OwlAlp2. We conclude that OwlAlp1 underwent a recent and rapid expansion in the owl monkey lineage. This centromere DNA replacement could have been facilitated by the heterochromatin reorganization that is associated with the adaptation of owl monkeys to a nocturnal lifestyle.
- Published
- 2021
18. First satellite‐tracked movements of pygmy blue whales ( <scp> Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda </scp> ) in New Zealand waters
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Rochelle Constantine, David Paton, Virginia Andrews-Goff, S. Childerhouse, Paula A. Olson, Michael C. Double, Kimberly T. Goetz, Mike Ogle, Alexandre N. Zerbini, and Krista van der Linde
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Fishery ,Balaenoptera musculus ,Geography ,biology ,Satellite (biology) ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Blue Whales - Published
- 2021
19. Preservation of satellite cell number and regenerative potential with age reveals locomotory muscle bias
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Robert W. Arpke, Alexie A. Larson, Dawn A. Lowe, Brittany C. Collins, Ahmed S. Shams, Michael Kyba, and Nguyen Lu
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Aging ,Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle ,Cell number ,Cell ,Physiology ,Cell Count ,Hindlimb ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,Biology ,Myoblasts ,Mice ,Satellite cells ,Cell density ,medicine ,Animals ,Regeneration ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Cell Self Renewal ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Molecular Biology ,Transplantation ,Research ,Regeneration (biology) ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,RC925-935 ,Satellite (biology) ,Developmental biology - Abstract
Background Although muscle regenerative capacity declines with age, the extent to which this is due to satellite cell-intrinsic changes vs. environmental changes has been controversial. The majority of aging studies have investigated hindlimb locomotory muscles, principally the tibialis anterior, in caged sedentary mice, where those muscles are abnormally under-exercised. Methods We analyze satellite cell numbers in 8 muscle groups representing locomotory and non-locomotory muscles in young and 2-year-old mice and perform transplantation assays of low numbers of hind limb satellite cells from young and old mice. Results We find that satellite cell density does not decline significantly by 2 years of age in most muscles, and one muscle, the masseter, shows a modest but statistically significant increase in satellite cell density with age. The tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus were clear exceptions, showing significant declines. We quantify self-renewal using a transplantation assay. Dose dilution revealed significant non-linearity in self-renewal above a very low threshold, suggestive of competition between satellite cells for space within the pool. Assaying within the linear range, i.e., transplanting fewer than 1000 cells, revealed no evidence of decline in cell-autonomous self-renewal or regenerative potential of 2-year-old murine satellite cells. Conclusion These data demonstrate the value of comparative muscle analysis as opposed to overreliance on locomotory muscles, which are not used physiologically in aging sedentary mice, and suggest that self-renewal impairment with age is precipitously acquired at the geriatric stage, rather than being gradual over time, as previously thought.
- Published
- 2021
20. A Satellite Town Development for Ambad MIDC Nashik
- Author
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Ar. Nikita Deshmukh
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Geography ,biology ,Satellite (biology) ,biology.organism_classification ,Remote sensing - Abstract
The concept of a satellite town is not a new one in India. Many efforts were made during the British era, and following independence, the Indian government made large-scale initiatives through policies, acts, and corporate partnerships. As is well acknowledged, India is experiencing rapid urbanization, resulting in city expansion and pseudo-urbanization due to land constraints. As a result, the satellite town concept must be implemented in order to develop new urban space, limit city boundaries, maximize land utilization, and raise the livability index of the city in order to attract investment. The study takes a multi-level approach, including a review of the literature, policies to better understand parameters, the identification of a new town site, and mitigation techniques. Following the identification of the area, a qualitative and quantitative study involving sampling, area-based observation, and public engagement was used to profile socioeconomic status. Chunchale village was chosen for the study, and it was discovered that this region has farm land on entire site. And can easily convert in NA land and use for proposal. In proposal most of the land will be proposed for residential as well as infrastructure purpose, as the project is dedicated to people working in Ambad MIDC for their occupation purpose. Based on area-based observation, the surrounding area appears to be ideal for commercial use too. It is suggested that a commercial hub be created near the rehab facility to stimulate the local economy and provide work opportunities for people. As land value rises and infilling area develops, such development also helps the surrounding area's development. Keywords: Satellite town, Redevelopment, Mix Land used, urban renewal policies, spatial planning, socio economic analysis
- Published
- 2021
21. Direct Tangible Damage Classification and Exposure Analysis Using Satellite Images and Media Data
- Author
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Siquan Yang and Haixia He
- Subjects
biology ,Satellite data ,Environmental science ,Satellite (biology) ,biology.organism_classification ,Remote sensing - Published
- 2021
22. Analysis of the Robertsonian (1;29) fusion in Bovinae reveals a common mechanism: insights into its clinical occurrence and chromosomal evolution
- Author
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Raquel Chaves, Filomena Adega, Terence J. Robinson, Ana Escudeiro, and J. S. Heslop-Harrison
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Gene Rearrangement ,biology ,Satellite DNA ,Mechanism (biology) ,Centromere ,Chromosome ,Chromosomal translocation ,Karyotype ,Ruminants ,DNA, Satellite ,biology.organism_classification ,Translocation, Genetic ,Human genetics ,Evolutionary biology ,Genetics ,Animals ,Cattle ,Satellite (biology) ,Bovinae - Abstract
The interest in Robertsonian fusion chromosomes (Rb fusions), sometimes referred to as Robertsonian translocations, derives from their impact on mammalian karyotype evolution, as well from their influence on fertility and disease. The formation of a Rb chromosome necessitates the occurrence of double strand breaks in the pericentromeric regions of two chromosomes in the satellite DNA (satDNA) sequences. Here, we report on the fine-scale molecular analysis of the centromeric satDNA families in the Rb(1;29) translocation of domestic cattle and six antelope species of the subfamily Bovinae. We do so from two perspectives: its occurrence as a chromosomal abnormality in cattle and, secondly, as a fixed evolutionarily rearrangement in spiral-horned antelope (Tragelaphini). By analysing the reorganization of satDNAs in the centromeric regions of translocated chromosomes, we show that Rb fusions are multistep, complex rearrangements which entail the precise elimination and reorganization of specific (peri)centromeric satDNA sequences. Importantly, these structural changes do not influence the centromeric activity of the satellite DNAs that provide segregation stability to the translocated chromosome. Our results suggest a common mechanism for Rb fusions in these bovids and, more widely, for mammals in general.
- Published
- 2021
23. Myosatellite Cells under Gravitational Unloading Conditions
- Author
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Boris Shenkman and N. A. Vilchinskaya
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biology ,Physiology ,Chemistry ,Regeneration (biology) ,Skeletal muscle ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Muscle hypertrophy ,Cell biology ,Cell cycle phase ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Myocyte ,Satellite (biology) ,Functional organization ,Muscle fibre ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Skeletal muscles are well known to have a high degree of plasticity. Gravitational unloading has a strong impact on the structural and functional organization of the postural muscles. Skeletal muscle has a unique ability to repair damage. Recovery (regeneration) of muscles is carried out by satellite cells. Myosatellite cells are quiescent mononuclear cells (G0 cell cycle phase) located at the periphery of the muscle fiber. When muscles are damaged, satellite cells are activated and become involved in proliferation, giving rise to new satellite cells and myoblasts. Differentiated myoblasts can fuse with muscle fibers during muscle hypertrophy and regeneration, as well as with each other to form new muscle fibers. Studies of the effect of gravitational unloading on muscle satellite cells are scarce. This review addresses the influence of gravitational unloading on the pool of muscle satellite cells and the mechanisms of skeletal muscle regeneration after injury. Based on the literature data, the authors found out that the mechanisms underlying a change in the regenerative potential of muscles under gravitational unloading conditions are poorly understood. The authors highlight the need for further studies of the regenerative potential of satellite cells under microgravity conditions.
- Published
- 2021
24. A novel circularly polarized slotted substrate integrated waveguide antenna array for satellite applications
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Hassan M. Elkamchouchi, Alla M. Eid, and Amgad A. Salama
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QC501-766 ,Materials science ,biology ,business.industry ,Waveguide antennas ,Substrate (printing) ,TK5101-6720 ,biology.organism_classification ,Electricity and magnetism ,Telecommunication ,Optoelectronics ,Satellite (biology) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business - Abstract
In this article, three novel slotted substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna elements are demonstrated with different radiator configurations, namely, two arms Archimedean antenna, single‐arm spiral antenna (monofilar), and four concentric circular loops antenna. Additionally, their near, as well as far‐field characteristics, have been investigated. The two arms Archimedean spiral antenna has a superior radiation characteristic of 18% return loss bandwidth (RLBW), 12% boresight axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW), and five dBi directivity. Furthermore, a 1 × 10 slotted SIW travelling wave antenna array has been designed, fabricated, and measured. The performance of the proposed antenna array versus the last reported antenna was evaluated and the proposed antenna array performance is superior to that of the others. Moreover, the measurements of the proposed array have a good agreement with the simulation results in which, 35%, 13% RLBW, and ARBW, respectively, have been achieved. The directivity of the proposed antenna array is 14 dBi.
- Published
- 2021
25. Contrast Enhancement of Poor-Quality Satellite Images Through Morphological Operations
- Author
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Gutta Srinivasa Rao and A. Srikrishna
- Subjects
Contrast enhancement ,biology ,Environmental science ,Satellite (biology) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,biology.organism_classification ,Poor quality ,Remote sensing - Abstract
As a fruit of technological advancement, satellite images have been applied in many scientific fields, especially in surveillance. However, some satellite images are taken from an ultrahigh orbit in very dim situation. Data loss might occur due to the weak contrast between the dull pixels in such images, which cover a vast geographical area. Thus, it is necessary to improve the quality and contrast of satellite images. There are only a few techniques to improve the view and contrast of these images. To make matters worse, the contrast enhancement methods face many drawbacks. After estimating the brightness of each pixel, this paper integrates improved discrete wavelet transform (IDWT) with improved fuzzy C means clustering (IFCM) segment each poor-quality satellite image into multiple homogenous parts, and carries out morphological operations to enhance the contrast of the image. In addition, the proposed method was compared with traditional approaches. The results show that our method achieved the best performance in improving the quality of satellite images.
- Published
- 2021
26. Satellite and transport ART treatment
- Author
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Jorge A. Blaquier and M. F. González Echeverría
- Subjects
Satellite (biology) ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Remote sensing - Published
- 2021
27. The emotional, cultural, and relational impact of growing up as parachute/satellite kids in Asian American transnational families
- Author
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Sapna B. Chopra, Yuying Tsong, and Alexis L. Tai
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biology ,Posttraumatic growth ,Cultural identity ,Asian americans ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immigration ,Well-being ,Satellite (biology) ,Gender studies ,biology.organism_classification ,Psychology ,General Psychology ,media_common - Published
- 2021
28. Comparison of Social determinants and Evaluation of Disease Management of diabetic patients attending Rahman Medical Institute and Nahaki Emergency Satellite Hospital, Peshawar
- Author
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Saim Arshad, Adnan Liaqat, Ulfat Sultana, Saddiqa Gul, Aisha Liaqat, Fatima Liaqat, and Sanan Arshad
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biology ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Satellite (biology) ,Social determinants of health ,Medical emergency ,Disease management (health) ,biology.organism_classification ,business ,medicine.disease - Abstract
Background: Diabetes mainly depends on social determinants of health. Addressing the social determinants, and attitude toward disease management is an important step toward the prognosis, and control of diabetes. The objective of the study was to determine the contributing role of social Determinants in diabetes development and evaluation of diabetes parameters affecting the prognosis and management among the diabetic patients of NESH and RMI. Methods: This was comparative hospital based case control study carried out from the duration of March to December 2016. A total 174 patients, 87 diabetics and 87 non diabetics were included in the study. After taking written consent, a predesigned questionnaire was filled from each patient. Data were collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Results: A total 174 study subjects, 87 diabetic (Cases) and non-diabetic (control) each from two different hospitals with equal distribution were included in the study. Out of 174 study subjects 59 (34%) were male and 115 (66%) were female. A significant difference was observed in weight and BMI p
- Published
- 2021
29. Skeletal Muscles: Insight into Embryonic Development, Satellite Cells, Histology, Ultrastructure, Innervation, Contraction and Relaxation, Causes, Pathophysiology, and Treatment of Volumetric Muscle I
- Author
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Azab Elsayed Azab, Marwan T. M. Abofila, Amal M. A. Al Shebani, and Asmaa Najeeb Ali Absheenah
- Subjects
Contraction (grammar) ,biology ,Chemistry ,Embryogenesis ,Biophysics ,Ultrastructure ,Relaxation (physics) ,Satellite (biology) ,Histology ,biology.organism_classification ,Pathophysiology - Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscles are attached to bone and are responsible for the axial and appendicular movement of the skeleton and for maintenance of body position and posture. Objectives: The present review aimed to high light on embryonic development of skeletal muscles, histological and ultrastructure, innervation, contraction and relaxation, causes, pathophysiology, and treatment of volumetric muscle injury. The heterogeneity of the muscle fibers is the base of the flexibility which allows the same muscle to be used for various tasks from continuous low-intensity activity, to repeated submaximal contractions, and to fast and strong maximal contractions. The formation of skeletal muscle begins during the fourth week of embryonic development as specialized mesodermal cells, termed myoblasts. As growth of the muscle fibers continues, aggregation into bundles occurs, and by birth, myoblast activity has ceased. Satellite cells (SCs), have single nuclei and act as regenerative cells. Satellite cells are the resident stem cells of skeletal muscle; they are considered to be self-renewing and serve to generate a population of differentiation-competent myoblasts that will participate as needed in muscle growth, repair, and regeneration. Based on various structural and functional characteristics, skeletal muscle fibres are classified into three types: Type I fibres, Type II-B fibres, and type II-A fibres. Skeletal muscle fibres vary in colour depending on their content of myoglobin. Each myofibril exhibits a repeating pattern of cross-striations which is a product of the highly ordered arrangement of the contractile proteins within it. The parallel myofibrils are arranged with their cross-striations in the register, giving rise to the regular striations seen with light microscopy in longitudinal sections of skeletal muscle. Each skeletal muscle receives at least two types of nerve fibers: motor and sensory. Striated muscles and myotendinous junctions contain sensory receptors that are encapsulated proprioceptors. The process of contraction, usually triggered by neural impulses, obeys the all-or-none law. During muscle contraction, the thin filaments slide past the thick filaments, as proposed by Huxley's sliding filament theory. In response to a muscle injury, SCs are activated and start to proliferate; at this stage, they are often referred to as either myogenic precursor cells (MPC) or myoblasts. In vitro, evidence has been presented that satellite cells can be pushed towards the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages, but contamination of such cultures from non-myogenic cells is sometimes hard to dismiss as the underlying cause of this observed multipotency. There are, however, other populations of progenitors isolated from skeletal muscle, including endothelial cells and muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs), blood-vessel-associated mesoangioblasts, muscle side-population cells, CD133+ve cells, myoendothelial cells, and pericytes. Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is defined as the traumatic or surgical loss of skeletal muscle with resultant functional impairment. It represents a challenging clinical problem for both military and civilian medicine. VML results in severe cosmetic deformities and debilitating functional loss. In response to damage, skeletal muscle goes through a well-defined series of events including; degeneration (1 to 3days), inflammation, and regeneration (3 to 4 weeks), fibrosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling (3 to 6 months).. Mammalian skeletal muscle has an impressive ability to regenerate itself in response to injury. During muscle tissue repair following damage, the degree of damage and the interactions between muscle and the infiltrating inflammatory cells appear to affect the successful outcome of the muscle repair process. The transplantation of stem cells into aberrant or injured tissue has long been a central goal of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the formation of skeletal muscle begins during the fourth week of embryonic development as specialized mesodermal cells, termed myoblasts, by birth myoblast activity has ceased. Satellite cells are considered to be self-renewing, and serve to generate a population of differentiation-competent myoblasts. Skeletal muscle fibres are classified into three types. The process of contraction, usually triggered by neural impulses, obeys the all-or-none law. VML results in severe cosmetic deformities and debilitating functional loss. Mammalian skeletal muscle has an impressive ability to regenerate itself in response to injury. The transplantation of stem cells into aberrant or injured tissue has long been a central goal of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
- Published
- 2021
30. Expansion of rDNA and pericentromere satellite repeats in the genomes of bank voles Myodes glareolus exposed to environmental radionuclides
- Author
-
Phillip C. Watts, Täppio Mappes, Antom Lavrinienko, Jiří Fajkus, Martina Dvořáčková, Eugene Tukalenko, John M Danforth, Jenni Kesäniemi, and Toni Jernfors
- Subjects
anthropogenic disturbance ,metsämyyrä ,Heterochromatin ,Satellite DNA ,Tšernobylin ydinonnettomuus ,Zoology ,Myodes glareolus ,rDNA ,Biology ,Genome ,Chernobyl ,säteilybiologia ,03 medical and health sciences ,copy number ,luonnonvaraiset eläimet ,chernobyl ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,QH540-549.5 ,030304 developmental biology ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Original Research ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,ionisoiva säteily ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,DNA ,Repetitive Regions ,Ribosomal RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,myodes glareolus ,Satellite (biology) ,ionizing radiation ,Genome architecture - Abstract
Altered copy number of certain highly repetitive regions of the genome, such as satellite DNA within heterochromatin and ribosomal RNA loci (rDNA), is hypothesized to help safeguard the genome against damage derived from external stressors. We quantified copy number of the 18S rDNA and a pericentromeric satellite DNA (Msat‐160) in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) inhabiting the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ), an area that is contaminated by radionuclides and where organisms are exposed to elevated levels of ionizing radiation. We found a significant increase in 18S rDNA and Msat‐160 content in the genomes of bank voles from contaminated locations within the CEZ compared with animals from uncontaminated locations. Moreover, 18S rDNA and Msat‐160 copy number were positively correlated in the genomes of bank voles from uncontaminated, but not in the genomes of animals inhabiting contaminated, areas. These results show the capacity for local‐scale geographic variation in genome architecture and are consistent with the genomic safeguard hypothesis. Disruption of cellular processes related to genomic stability appears to be a hallmark effect in bank voles inhabiting areas contaminated by radionuclides., Bank voles captured from locations contaminated with radionuclides in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone exhibit increased copy numbers of ribosomal DNA and pericentromeric satellite Msat‐160, as well as a breakdown of genomic correlation between these loci compared with control. Copy‐number variation in heterochromatic repetitive loci may have adaptive significance.
- Published
- 2021
31. Scent of a killer: How could killer yeast boost its dispersal?
- Author
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Claudia C. Buser, Oliver Martin, and Jukka Jokela
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Nature Notes ,03 medical and health sciences ,dsRNA virus ,dispersal ,Drosophila ,Killer yeast ,QH540-549.5 ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Genetics ,killer yeast ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,Host (biology) ,attraction ,biology.organism_classification ,Yeast ,RNA silencing ,Helper virus ,Satellite (biology) - Abstract
Vector-borne parasites often manipulate hosts to attract uninfected vectors. For example, parasites causing malaria alter host odor to attract mosquitoes. Here, we discuss the ecology and evolution of fruit-colonizing yeast in a tripartite symbiosis—the so-called “killer yeast” system. “Killer yeast” consists of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast hosting two double-stranded RNA viruses (M satellite dsRNAs, L-A dsRNA helper virus). When both dsRNA viruses occur in a yeast cell, the yeast converts to lethal toxin‑producing “killer yeast” phenotype that kills uninfected yeasts. Yeasts on ephemeral fruits attract insect vectors to colonize new habitats. As the viruses have no extracellular stage, they depend on the same insect vectors as yeast for their dispersal. Viruses also benefit from yeast dispersal as this promotes yeast to reproduce sexually, which is how viruses can transmit to uninfected yeast strains. We tested whether insect vectors are more attracted to killer yeasts than to non‑killer yeasts. In our field experiment, we found that killer yeasts were more attractive to Drosophila than non-killer yeasts. This suggests that vectors foraging on yeast are more likely to transmit yeast with a killer phenotype, allowing the viruses to colonize those uninfected yeast strains that engage in sexual reproduction with the killer yeast. Beyond insights into the basic ecology of the killer yeast system, our results suggest that viruses could increase transmission success by manipulating the insect vectors of their host., Ecology and Evolution, 11 (11), ISSN:2045-7758
- Published
- 2021
32. Investigations and proposals for data relay satellite systems
- Author
-
Jun Zheng, DanDan Fan, Tao Ji, and Lei Wang
- Subjects
biology ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Computer science ,Relay ,law ,Satellite (biology) ,biology.organism_classification ,Remote sensing ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
33. Insights into muscle stem cell dynamics during postnatal development
- Author
-
Joe V. Chakkalakal and John F. Bachman
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle ,Context (language use) ,Disease ,Biology ,Muscle Development ,Biochemistry ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Regeneration ,Young adult ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Molecular Biology ,Stem Cells ,Regeneration (biology) ,Skeletal muscle ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Satellite (biology) ,Stem cell ,Muscle stem cell - Abstract
During development, resident stem cell populations contribute to the growth and maturation of tissue and organs. In skeletal muscle, muscle stem cells, or satellite cells, are responsible for the maturation of postnatal myofibers. However, the role satellite cells play in later stages of postnatal growth, and thus, when they enter a mature quiescent state is controversial. Here we discuss the current literature regarding the role satellite cells play in all stages of postnatal growth, from birth to puberty onset to young adulthood. We additionally highlight the implications of satellite cell loss or dysfunction during developmental stages, both in the context of experimental paradigms and disease settings.
- Published
- 2021
34. Exploring Neighbourhood-based Programming for Older Adults: A Seniors’ Satellite
- Author
-
Michelle Dellamora, Tracy Drenth, Carri Hand, Karen Schouten, and Lori Letts
- Subjects
030214 geriatrics ,biology ,Social connectedness ,Physical activity ,biology.organism_classification ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Geography ,030502 gerontology ,Key (cryptography) ,Satellite (biology) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Marketing ,0305 other medical science ,Gerontology ,Neighbourhood (mathematics) - Abstract
Community-based programs for older adults are key health-promoting resources; however, barriers to participation exist, including transportation, cost, accessibility, and social in-groups. To addre...
- Published
- 2021
35. A phage satellite tunes inducing phage gene expression using a domesticated endonuclease to balance inhibition and virion hijacking
- Author
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Tania V Silvas, Caroline M Boyd, Kimberley D. Seed, and Zoe Netter
- Subjects
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ,AcademicSubjects/SCI00010 ,Operon ,viruses ,Repressor ,DNA, Satellite ,Homing endonuclease ,Endonuclease ,Transduction ,Bacterial Proteins ,Genetic ,Protein Domains ,Transduction, Genetic ,Information and Computing Sciences ,Genetics ,Bacteriophages ,Viral ,Vibrio cholerae ,Gene ,Psychological repression ,Binding Sites ,biology ,Structural gene ,Gene regulation, Chromatin and Epigenetics ,Virion ,DNA ,Biological Sciences ,Endonucleases ,biology.organism_classification ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ,Infectious Diseases ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Lytic cycle ,Satellite ,biology.protein ,Capsid Proteins ,Satellite (biology) ,CRISPR-Cas Systems ,Bacterial virus ,Infection ,Environmental Sciences ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Bacteria persist under constant threat of predation by bacterial viruses (phages). Bacteria-phage conflicts result in evolutionary arms races often driven by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). One such MGE, a phage satellite in Vibrio cholerae called PLE, provides specific and robust defense against a pervasive lytic phage, ICP1. The interplay between PLE and ICP1 has revealed strategies for molecular parasitism allowing PLE to hijack ICP1 processes in order to mobilize. Here, we describe the mechanism of PLE-mediated transcriptional manipulation of ICP1 structural gene transcription. PLE encodes a novel DNA binding protein, CapR, that represses ICP1’s capsid morphogenesis operon. Although CapR is sufficient for the degree of capsid repression achieved by PLE, its activity does not hinder the ICP1 lifecycle. We explore the consequences of repression of this operon, demonstrating that more stringent repression achieved through CRISPRi restricts both ICP1 and PLE. We also discover that PLE transduces in modified ICP1-like particles. Examination of CapR homologs led to the identification of a suite of ICP1-encoded homing endonucleases, providing a putative origin for the satellite-encoded repressor. This work unveils a facet of the delicate balance of satellite-mediated inhibition aimed at blocking phage production while successfully mobilizing in a phage-derived particle.
- Published
- 2021
36. Complete genome sequence of a previously undescribed monopartite begomovirus and betasatellite infecting Malvastrum coromandelianum in Cambodia
- Author
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Lan Guobing, Lihua Lv, Tang Yafei, She Xiaoman, Judith K. Brown, Zifu He, Lin Yu, and Li Zhenggang
- Subjects
DNA, Satellite ,Biology ,Genome ,Virus ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,law ,Phylogenetics ,Virology ,Malvaceae ,Phylogeny ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Plant Diseases ,030304 developmental biology ,Whole genome sequencing ,0303 health sciences ,030306 microbiology ,Begomovirus ,Nucleic acid sequence ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Satellite (biology) ,Cambodia - Abstract
A previously undescribed monopartite begomovirus was identified from Malvastrum coromandelianum plants exhibiting yellow vein symptoms characteristic of begomoviruses, in Kampot province, Cambodia. The apparently full-length viral component was cloned and sequenced following enrichment of circular DNA by rolling circle amplification and restriction enzyme digestion. The genome of the virus was 2,737 nucleotides in length (KP188831), and exhibited an organization like that of other monopartite begomoviruses, sharing the highest nt identities of 87.7% with Ageratum yellow vein virus (AM940137). A satellite molecule was amplified from total DNA by PCR amplification with the betasatellite-specific primer pair β01/β02. The satellite molecule (1,346 nt, KP188832) had a structure characteristic like other betasatellites associated with begomoviruses, and shared the highest nt identity of 84.8% with Malvastrum yellow vein betasatellite (MN205547). According to the criteria established for species demarcation for classification of begomoviruses ( Geminiviridae ) and betasatellites ( Tolecusatellitidae ), respectively, the virus isolate from M. coromandelianum in Cambodia is a previously undescribed novel monopartite begomovirus species,for which the name Malvastrum yellow vein Cambodia virus (MaYVCV) is proposed, whereas, the betasatellite is identified as an previously undescribed novel betasatellite species, for which the name Malvastrum yellow vein Cambodia batesatellite (MaYVKHB) is proposed.
- Published
- 2021
37. Simultaneous and Spatial Quantification of Telomerase Activity and DNA Methylation in Living Cells by a Deformable Satellite Nanocapsule
- Author
-
Cheng Ma, Shan Huang, Wenjing Wang, Jian-Rong Zhang, Yizhu Xu, Jun-Jie Zhu, Jiahao Lin, and Xingxin Wu
- Subjects
Telomerase ,biology ,DNA methylation ,Satellite (biology) ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Gene ,Cell biology - Abstract
Telomerase plays an essential role in many biological processes. DNA methylation regulates the expression of many genes, including telomerase. Here, we propose a deformable satellite nanocapsule fl...
- Published
- 2021
38. Cytogenetics Analysis in Somatic Cells of Dermatophyllum secundiflorum (Mescal Bean) Reveals Satellite Association on Subtelocentric Chromosomes
- Author
-
Fernando Tapia-Aguirre and Fernando Tapia-Pastrana
- Subjects
Genetics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Somatic cell ,Cytogenetics ,Mescal bean ,Chromosome ,Karyotype ,Dermatophyllum secundiflorum ,Cell Biology ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Nucleolar Organizer Region ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Satellite (biology) - Published
- 2021
39. A novel approach for the isolation and long-term expansion of pure satellite cells based on ice-cold treatment
- Author
-
Ciro Villani, Marina Bouché, Daniele De Meo, Anna Benedetti, Gianluca Cera, and Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle ,Cold treatment ,Muscle Development ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Skeletal muscle regeneration ,Satellite cell isolation ,Satellite cells in vitro expansion ,Animals ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Isolation (database systems) ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Molecular Biology ,Cell Proliferation ,biology ,Chemistry ,Ice ,Methodology ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,satellite cell isolation ,satellite cells in vitro expansion ,skeletal muscle regeneration ,030104 developmental biology ,Satellite (biology) ,Stem cell ,lcsh:RC925-935 ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) are muscle stem cells capable of regenerating injured muscle. The study of their functional potential depends on the availability of methods for the isolation and expansion of pure SCs with preserved myogenic properties after serial passages in vitro. Here, we describe the ice-cold treatment (ICT) method, which is a simple, economical, and efficient method for the isolation and in vitro expansion of highly pure mouse and human SCs. It involves a brief (15–30 min) incubation on ice (0 °C) of a dish containing a heterogeneous mix of adherent muscle mononuclear cells, which leads to the detachment of only the SCs, and gives rise to cultures of superior purity compared to other commonly used isolation methods. The ICT method doubles up as a gentle passaging technique, allowing SC expansion over extended periods of time without compromising their proliferation and differentiation potential. Moreover, SCs isolated and expanded using the ICT method are capable of regenerating injured muscle in vivo. The ICT method involves minimal cell manipulation, does not require any expertise or expensive reagents, it is fast, and highly reproducible, and greatly reduces the number of animals or human biopsies required in order to obtain sufficient number of SCs. The cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and technical simplicity of this method, as well as its remarkable efficiency, will no doubt accelerate SC basic and translational research bringing their therapeutic use closer to the clinic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13395-021-00261-w.
- Published
- 2021
40. Telomerase Activity and Myogenesis Ability as an Indicator of Cultured Turkey Satellite Cell Ability for In Vitro Meat Production
- Author
-
Katarzyna Stefańska, Magdalena Kulus, Jakub Kulus, Maurycy Jankowski, Maria Wieczorkiewicz, Dorota Bukowska, K. Ratajczak, Artur Bryja, James N. Petitte, Paul Mozdziak, Joanna Perek, Rut Bryl, Paweł Antosik, Afsaneh Golkar Narenji, and Jędrzej M. Jaśkowki
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,Telomerase ,biology ,Myogenesis ,Cell ,Cell Biology ,musculoskeletal system ,biology.organism_classification ,In vitro ,Cell biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,medicine ,Satellite (biology) ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Telomerase activity is highly correlated to the proliferation capacity and immortality of cells. To evaluate the possibility of continuous culture, myoblasts were isolated from the Pectoralis thoracicus muscle of newborn turkeys and maintained in 2D (adherence based) and suspension cultures. Furthermore, adherent myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes. Telomerase activity was evaluated in all types of obtained cultures. The expression of telomerase related genes, including TERT1, TERT2, dyskerin, as well as myogenesis related genes, including myogenin, MyoD, MRF1 and MRF5 were measured. Telomerase bands were detected in both adherent and suspended cells, but they were not detected in samples from rat muscle. Myotube differentiation caused a significant reduction in the expression of TERT1, TERT2 and Dyskerin, while MyoD, Myogenin and MRF4 were upregulated in myotubes vs. myoblasts. Long-term culture of suspended myoblasts caused a significant increase in TERT1 levels, with no significant change in expression of myogenesis related genes. Overall, the results show that myoblasts are able to grow in suspension without losing their myogenic properties. Furthermore, upregulation of TERT1 indicates continued proliferation of myoblasts and generation of enough daughter cells necessary for in vitro meat production. Running title: Telomerase activity and myogenic properties of cultured Turkey satellite cells
- Published
- 2021
41. Flora of some of the satellite islets of Sicily, Pantelleria, Lampedusa and Ustica (Italy)
- Author
-
Jeffrey Sciberras and Arnold Sciberras
- Subjects
Flora ,Geography ,Oceanography ,biology ,Satellite (biology) ,General Medicine ,Lampedusa ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2021
42. Methods for processing spatial structures in satellite images
- Author
-
S.V. Eremeev, Yu.A. Kovalev, D.E. Andrianov, and D.V. Titov
- Subjects
biology ,Satellite (biology) ,biology.organism_classification ,Geology ,Remote sensing - Published
- 2021
43. 5G satellite networks for Internet of Things: Offloading and backhauling
- Author
-
Beatriz Soret, Israel Leyva-Mayorga, Petar Popovski, and Stefano Cioni
- Subjects
Information Age ,biology ,delay ,business.industry ,Computer science ,backhaul ,Age of Information ,offload ,biology.organism_classification ,Backhaul (telecommunications) ,Media Technology ,LEO constellations ,Satellite (biology) ,radio access ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Radio access ,Internet of Things ,business ,Telecommunications ,5G - Abstract
One of the main drivers of 5G cellular networks is provision of connectivity service for various Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Considering the potential volume of IoT devices at a global scale, the next leap is to integrate Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) into 5G terrestrial systems, thereby extending the coverage and complementing the terrestrial service. This paper focuses on the use of low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations for two specific purposes: offloading and backhauling. The former allows offloading IoT traffic from a congested terrestrial network, usually in a very dense area. In the latter application, the constellation provides a multi-hop backhaul that connects a remote terrestrial Next Generation NodeB (gNB) to the 5G core network. After providing an overview of the status of the 3GPP standardization process, we model and analyze the user data performance, specifically in the uplink access and the satellite multi-hop constellation path. The evaluation of the collisions, the delay and Age of Information, and the comparison of the terrestrial and the satellite access networks provide useful insights to understand the potential of LEO constellations for offloading and backhauling of IoT traffic.
- Published
- 2021
44. Effects of 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol on satellite cell proliferation and differentiation of broilers
- Author
-
Shengchen Su, Sandra G. Velleman, Yuguo Hou Tompkins, and Woo Kyun Kim
- Subjects
Male ,myoblast differentiation ,Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle ,Myogenic contraction ,20(S)-hydroxycholesterol ,Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Muscle Development ,Pectoralis Muscles ,Muscle hypertrophy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Osteogenesis ,Animals ,Myocyte ,chicken satellite cell ,Transcription factor ,Cell Proliferation ,030304 developmental biology ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Cell growth ,Myogenesis ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Cell Differentiation ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Hydroxycholesterols ,Cell biology ,biology.protein ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Creatine kinase ,Satellite (biology) ,myogenesis ,lcsh:Animal culture ,Chickens ,satellite cell proliferation - Abstract
In the modern poultry industry, with increasing product demand, muscle growth rate and meat yield in chickens have tremendously changed. Understanding the regulation of muscle development is important to maintain efficient growth and development in meat-type chickens. 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol (20S) is known as one of the naturally occurring osteogenic cholesterol derivatives due to its ability to induce osteogenic differentiation; however, no studies have evaluated myogenic response to 20S in chicken muscle cells. To determine the use of 20S in vitro for the proliferation and differentiation of chicken satellite cells, satellite cells were isolated from pectoralis major muscle of 4-week-old Ross 708 male chickens and subjected to 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 μmol of 20S during their proliferation and differentiation stages. Cell proliferation and differentiation were measured every 24 h for 72 h by determining DNA concentration, the activity of creatine kinase, and the expressions of myogenic regulatory transcription factors. Together these results suggested that a lower concentration of 20S did not affect myogenesis but a high concentration of 1.0 μmol 20S can negatively affect proliferation and differentiation in chicken satellite cells.
- Published
- 2021
45. Algorithm-Assisted Detection and Imaging of microRNAs in Living Cancer Cells via the Disassembly of Plasmonic Core-Satellite Probes Coupled with Strand Displacement Amplification
- Author
-
Liu Yingbin, Wang Guoping, Ganglin Wang, Guo Yanbin, and Weihang Zhou
- Subjects
Computer science ,Remote diagnosis ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Neoplasms ,microRNA ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Instrumentation ,Plasmon ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Microscopy ,biology ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Multiple displacement amplification ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,0104 chemical sciences ,Design for manufacturability ,MicroRNAs ,Cancer cell ,Satellite (biology) ,0210 nano-technology ,Algorithm ,Algorithms - Abstract
Acute detection and high-resolution imaging of microRNAs (miRNAs) in living cancer cells have attracted great attention in clinical diagnosis and therapy. However, current methods suffer from low detection sensitivity or heavy dependence on expensive and sophisticated spectrometers. Herein, a novel algorithm-assisted system of detecting and imaging miRNAs in living cancer cells was developed via the disassembly of plasmonic core-satellite probes coupled with strand displacement amplification (SDA). The target miRNAs in the system could trigger the disassembly of plasmonic core-satellite probes, leading to the color change in the scattering light of the probes, which could be captured by dark-field microscopy (DFM). The concentration of the target miRNAs was obtained by analyzing the dark-field image based on the proposed algorithm with a detection limit of 2 pM for miRNA-21. Thus, the performance in terms of simplicity and sensitivity of the system compared with one of the conventional spectrophotometers was well presented, which could inspire more clinical applications of inexpensive, intelligent, and rapid screening of cancer cells. The application software based on the proposed algorithm running on the Android platform was also developed, demonstrating the potential of remote diagnosis.
- Published
- 2021
46. Detecting the invasive fall armyworm pest incidence in farm fields of southern India using Sentinel-2A satellite data
- Author
-
Guddad Meghalakshmi, Nakka Ravi Kumar, Gutti Samba Siva, Sengottaiyan Vennila, Golla Srasvan Kumar, Uppu Sai Sravan, M. Prabhakar, Merugu Thirupathi, and K.A. Gopinath
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,biology ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,biology.organism_classification ,Sorghum ,01 natural sciences ,Geography ,Agronomy ,Remote sensing (archaeology) ,Satellite data ,Fall armyworm ,Satellite (biology) ,PEST analysis ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Damage of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) on sorghum from the farmers’ fields of southern India was assessed using space-borne data. Comparison of the Sentinel-2A satellite ...
- Published
- 2021
47. Development of satellite monitoring in IACP FEB RAS
- Author
-
A.I. Aleksanin, V.A. Levin, and M.G. Aleksanina
- Subjects
biology ,Environmental science ,Satellite (biology) ,biology.organism_classification ,Remote sensing - Published
- 2021
48. Teaching Staff Disposition on the Operational Practices of Satellite Public Campuses
- Author
-
Marjielou Abinsay
- Subjects
Medical education ,biology ,Teaching staff ,Satellite (biology) ,Business ,Disposition ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2021
49. COOPERATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL MOBILE SATELLITE ORGANIZATION (INMARSAT / IMSO) WITH INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
- Author
-
Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine and Anna Shkrebtiienko
- Subjects
biology ,business.industry ,Satellite (biology) ,Business ,biology.organism_classification ,Telecommunications - Published
- 2021
50. THE WATER-SOLUBLE DERIVATIVE OF FULLERENE C70 REGULATES THE TRANSCRIPTION OF SATELLITE III IN CULTUREDHUMAN SKIN FIBROBLASTS
- Author
-
E.A. Savinova, L.V. Kameneva, E.S. Ershova, P.E. Umryukhin, I.V. Rodionov, O.A. Kraevaya, P.A. Troshin, N.N. Veyko, and S.V. Kostyuk
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Water soluble ,biology ,Chemistry ,Transcription (biology) ,Biophysics ,Satellite (biology) ,Fullerene C70 ,biology.organism_classification ,Derivative (chemistry) - Published
- 2021
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