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Item does not contain fulltext In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir die Folgen der Reformen des öffentlichen Sektors für die Beschäftigten. Konkret untersuchen wir, wie sich Teilzeit, befristete Beschäftigung und Überstunden entwickelt haben und wie sich vertragliche Regelungen und der Führungsstil der Vorgesetzten auf die wahrgenommene Jobsicherheit und die wahrgenommene Belastung der Beschäftigten auswirken. Dafür analysieren wir im Ländervergleich Daten aus Deutschland und den USA. Wir geben zunächst einen Überblick, wie und wann Reformen des öffentlichen Sektors in den USA und Deutschland eingeleitet wurden und präsentieren anschließend unsere Ergebnisse. 39. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie (Göttingen, Germany, 24-28 September 2018)

Contains fulltext : 161254.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) This article examines the reasons for inequalities of earnings in Germany and the extent to which these inequalities are considered to be legitimate. We focus on three major inequality-generating factors derived from labour market and inequality research: individual, firm-specific and structural factors. We then investigate empirically the importance of these factors in the emergence of differences of earnings and the extent to which employees consider the rents of each factor to be just or unjust. Analyses based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel reveal that wage differentials are considered as just if they can be attributed to individual factors (level of education, professional experience). In contrast, wage differentials due to firm-specific factors (atypical employment, seniority-based pay) and structural factors (certain occupational groups/industries, differences between regions) are the major reasons for perceived earnings injustice. The results of this study will contribute to the debate concerning increasing wage inequalities and reveal that distinguishing between just and unjust inequalities is essential, especially in discussions regarding the social or political consequences of this trend. 27 p.

Item does not contain fulltext The illicit sale of prescription drugs for enhancing cognitive performance is a criminal act which has hardly been studied although the consumption of these drugs by healthy people has numerous negative individual and social consequences. In this study, we scrutinize the decision to sale those drugs based on assumptions of various criminological rational choice models, self-control theory, social norms, as well as the Model of Frame Selection (MFS) and the Situational Action Theory (SAT). Thereby, we also consider interactions between instrumental incentives, self-control and norms. To investigate decisions regarding the illegal sale of performance enhancing drugs, we used a web-based survey among students at four German universities (N=1,698). Each respondent received randomly one out of 900 vignettes, in each case describing a hypothetical sales situation concerning the illegal and financially rewarding transmission of medications to enhance concentration between students. The descriptions have been randomly varied with respect to the sales profits and the severity of punishments and their respective probabilities. Moreover, the degree of self-control and internalized norms regarding illegal sales have been assessed. The results, that are derived from double hurdle models, show that, especially, internalized norms as well as the severity of punishment reduce the willingness of selling, while low self-control and increasing profits increase this willingness. In addition, a negative interaction effect between low self-control and the severity of punishment shows that a more severe punishment leads to more deterrence when self-control is lower (respectively that with more sever punishments, the impact of self-control decreases). Although the results support the theoretical assumptions only partially, we can show that internalized norms significantly influence the perception of criminal behavior while the benefits of such behavior and self-control seem to operate in a downstream deliberation process. 28 p.

Within the German Troposheric Research Programme (TFS) numerous kinetic and mechanistic studies on the tropospheric reaction / degradation of the following reactants were carried out: - oxygenated VOC - aromatic VOC - biogenic VOC - short-lived intermediates, such as alkoxy and alkylperoxy radicals. At the conception of the projects these selected groups were classes of VOC or intermediates for which the atmospheric oxidation mechanisms were either poorly characterised or totally unknown. The motivation for these studies was the attainment of significant improvements in our understanding of the atmospheric chemical oxidation processes of these compounds, particularly with respect to their involvement in photooxidant formation in the troposphere.