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761 results on '"Sauli, F"'

1. Application of the VMM3a/SRS: A t0-less TWIN GEM-based TPC

Author

Flöthner, K. J., Garcia, F., Oberhauser, B., Brunbauer, F., Heiss, M. W., Janssens, D., Ketzer, B., Lisowska, M., Meurer, M., Muller, H., Oliveri, E., Orlandini, G., Pfeiffer, D., Ropelewsk, L., Samarati, J., Sauli, F., Scharenberg, L., van Stenis, M., Utrobicic, A., and Veenhof, R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Integrating the ATLAS/BNL VMM3a ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) into the RD51/SRS (Scalable Readout System) provides a self-triggered continuous readout system for various gaseous detectors. Since the system allows flexible parameters, such as switching the polarity, adjusting electronics gain or different peaking times, the settings can be adjusted for a wide range of detectors. The system allows particles to be recorded with a MHz interaction rate in energy, space, and time. The system will be introduced in the beginning, and short examples will be given for different applications. After, the Twin GEM TPC will be discussed in more detail to show the benefits of such a trigger-less system in combination with the Twin configuration. Last, a few results for the tracking performance and the possibility to operate as a tracking telescope will be shown. Thus, this presents the possibility of an extremely low material budget tracking system suitable for tracking from high to low-energy particle beams.

Published
2025

2. The Ultra-Low material budget GEM based TPC for tracking with VMM3a readout

Author

Garcia, F., Flöthner, K. J., Amato, A., Biswas, S., Brunbauer, F. M., Heiss, M. W., Janka, G., Janssens, D., Lisowska, M., Meurer, M., Muller, H., Oberhauser, B. Banto, Oliveri, E., Orlandini, G., Pfeiffer, D., Prokscha, T., Ropelewski, L., Scharenberg, L., Samarati, J., Sauli, F., van Stenis, M., Veenhof, R., Zeh, B., and Zhao, X.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Gaseous Electron Multiplier-based Time Projection Chamber (GEM-TPC) in TWIN configuration for particle tracking has been consolidated after extensive investigations in different facilities to study its tracking performance. The most attractive feature of this detector is its ultra-low material budget, which is 0.28\% X/X$_0$ and can be further reduced by decreasing the thickness of the gas traversed by the incident particles. Thus, it provides excellent position reconstruction and reduced multi-scattering. This detector consists of two GEM-TPCs with drift fields in opposite directions, achieved by rotating one 180 degrees in the middle plane with respect to the other. These two GEM-TPCs share the same gas volume, i.e., inside a single vessel. This configuration is called a TWIN configuration. The results presented in this work were measured using the newly integrated VMM3a/SRS readout electronics, an important milestone in improving overall performance and capabilities. In 2024, this detector was tested at the H4 beamline of the SPS at CERN, using muons and pions and with different gas mixtures like, for instance: Ar/CO$_2$ (70/30 \%), He/CO$_2$ (70/30 \%) and He/CO$_2$ (90/10 \%). The helium-based mixtures were used to commission the detector to track low momenta muons required in the PSI muon-induced X-ray emission (MIXE) experiment. The results obtained from these measurements, a brief discussion of the methodology used for the data analysis, and a comparison of the spatial resolution for different gas mixtures will be presented., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures

Published
2025

3. The novel XYU-GEM to resolve ambiguities

Author

Flöthner, K. J., Brunbauer, F., Ferry, S., Garcia, F., Janssens, D., Ketzer, B., Lisowska, M., Muller, H., de Oliveira, R., Oliveri, E., Orlandini, G., Pfeiffer, D., Ropelewski, L., Samarati, J., Sauli, F., Scharenberg, L., van Stenis, M., Utrobicic, A., and Veenhof, R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Removing ambiguities within a single stage becomes crucial when one can not use multiple detectors behind each other to resolve them which naturally is the case for neutral radiation. An example would be RICH detectors. Commonly pixilated readout is choosen for this purpose. However, this causes a remarkable increase in quantity of channels and does not scale up well. Therefore, the XYU-GEM was proposed as a three coordinate strip-readout which is combined with a triple GEM detector. The readout complements a common XY readout with an additional projection which is tilted by 45{\deg}. The overdetermination due to three projections can be used to resovle ambiguities. Following the detector design will be explained, first measurements discussed to understand the response of the detector and a way to change the charge sharing without changing the manufacturing parameters of the readout.

Published
2023
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4. Recoil imaging for directional detection of dark matter, neutrinos, and physics beyond the Standard Model

Author

O'Hare, C. A. J., Loomba, D., Altenmüller, K., Álvarez-Pol, H., Amaro, F. D., Araújo, H. M., Sierra, D. Aristizabal, Asaadi, J., Attié, D., Aune, S., Awe, C., Ayyad, Y., Baracchini, E., Barbeau, P., Battat, J. B. R., Bell, N. F., Biasuzzi, B., Bignell, L. J., Boehm, C., Bolognino, I., Brunbauer, F. M., Caamaño, M., Cabo, C., Caratelli, D., Carmona, J. M., Castel, J. F., Cebrián, S., Cogollos, C., Collison, D., Costa, E., Dafni, T., Dastgiri, F., Deaconu, C., De Romeri, V., Desch, K., Dho, G., Di Giambattista, F., Díez-Ibáñez, D., D'Imperio, G., Dutta, B., Eldridge, C., Elliott, S. R., Ezeribe, A. C., Fava, A., Felkl, T., Fernández-Domínguez, B., Ribas, E. Ferrer, Flöthner, K. J., Froehlich, M., Galán, J., Galindo, J., García, F., Pascual, J. A. García, Gelli, B. P., Ghrear, M., Giomataris, Y., Gnanvo, K., Gramellini, E., Di Cortona, G. Grilli, Hall-Wilton, R., Harton, J., Hedges, S., Higashino, S., Hill, G., Holanda, P. C., Ikeda, T., Irastorza, I. G., Jackson, P., Janssens, D., Jones, B., Kaminski, J., Katsioulas, I., Kelly, K., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, E., Korandla, H. B., Kraus, H., Lackner, A., Lane, G. J., Lewis, P. M., Lisowska, M., Luzón, G., Lynch, W. A., Maccarrone, G., Mack, K. J., Majewski, P. A., Mano, R. D. P., Margalejo, C., Markoff, D., Marley, T., Marques, D. J. G., Massarczyk, R., Mazzitelli, G., McCabe, C., McKie, L. J., McLean, A. G., McNamara, P. C., Mei, Y., Messina, A., Mills, A. F., Mirallas, H., Miuchi, K., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mosbech, M. R., Muller, H., da Luz, H. Natal, Nakamura, K. D., Natochii, A., Neep, T., Newstead, J. L., Nikolopoulos, K., Obis, L., Oliveri, E., Orlandini, G., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, von Oy, J., Papaevangelou, T., Pérez, O., Perez-Gonzalez, Y. F., Pfeiffer, D., Phan, N. S., Piacentini, S., Olloqui, E. Picatoste, Pinci, D., Popescu, S., Prajapati, A., Queiroz, F. S., Raaf, J. L., Resnati, F., Ropelewski, L., Roque, R. C., Ruiz-Choliz, E., Rusu, A., Ruz, J., Samarati, J., Santos, E. M., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sauli, F., Scharenberg, L., Schiffer, T., Schmidt, S., Scholberg, K., Schott, M., Schueler, J., Segui, L., Sekiya, H., Sengupta, D., Slavkovska, Z., Snowden-Ifft, D., Soffitta, P., van Stenis, M., Spooner, N. J. C., Strigari, L., Stuchbery, A. E., Sun, X., Torelli, S., Tilly, E. G., Thomas, A. W., Thorpe, T. N., Urquijo, P., Utrobičić, A., Vahsen, S. E., Veenhof, R., Vogel, J. K., Williams, A. G., Wood, M. H., and Zettlemoyer, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Recoil imaging entails the detection of spatially resolved ionization tracks generated by particle interactions. This is a highly sought-after capability in many classes of detector, with broad applications across particle and astroparticle physics. However, at low energies, where ionization signatures are small in size, recoil imaging only seems to be a practical goal for micro-pattern gas detectors. This white paper outlines the physics case for recoil imaging, and puts forward a decadal plan to advance towards the directional detection of low-energy recoils with sensitivity and resolution close to fundamental performance limits. The science case covered includes: the discovery of dark matter into the neutrino fog, directional detection of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, the precision study of coherent-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, the detection of solar axions, the measurement of the Migdal effect, X-ray polarimetry, and several other applied physics goals. We also outline the R&D programs necessary to test concepts that are crucial to advance detector performance towards their fundamental limit: single primary electron sensitivity with full 3D spatial resolution at the $\sim$100 micron-scale. These advancements include: the use of negative ion drift, electron counting with high-definition electronic readout, time projection chambers with optical readout, and the possibility for nuclear recoil tracking in high-density gases such as argon. We also discuss the readout and electronics systems needed to scale-up such detectors to the ton-scale and beyond., Comment: 77 pages, 20 figures. Submitted to the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021)

Published
2022

5. Optical Readout Studies of the Thick-COBRA Gaseous Detector

Author

Garcia, F., Brunbauer, F. M., Lisowska, M., Müller, H., Oliveri, E., Pfeiffer, D., Ropelewski, L., Samarati, J., Sauli, F., Scharenberg, L., Silva, A. L. M., van Stenis, M., Veenhof, R., and Veloso, J. F. C. A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, J.2
Abstract

The performance of a Thick-COBRA (THCOBRA) gaseous detector is studied using an optical readout technique. The operation principle of this device is described, highlighting its operation in a gas mixture of Ar/CF4 (80/20%) for visible scintillation light emission. The contributions to the total gain from the holes and the anode strips as a function of the applied bias voltage were visualized. The preservation of spatial information from the initial ionizations was demonstrated by analyzing the light emission from 5.9keV X-rays of an 55Fe source. The observed non-uniformity of the scintillation light from the holes supports the claim of a space localization accuracy better than the pitch of the holes. The acquired images were used to identify weak points and sources of instabilities in view of the development of new optimized structures., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures

Published
2020
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9. Light multi-GEM detector for high-resolution tracking systems

Author

Bondar, A., Buzulutskov, A., de Oliveira, R., Ropelewski, L., Sauli, F., and Shekhtman, L.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Controlled etching of copper electrodes in Gas Electron Multiplier foils allows a reduction of the material budget by more than a factor of two for a triple-GEM detector. Detectors making use of thinned foils provide performances similar to those obtained with standard devices: a gain above 10^4 for a double-GEM, with energy resolution of 27 % fwhm for 5.9 keV X-rays., Comment: Submitted to Nucl.Instr.& Meth. A

Published
2005
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11. The novel XYU-GEM to resolve ambiguities

Author

Flöthner, K.J., primary, Brunbauer, F., additional, Ferry, S., additional, Garcia, F., additional, Janssens, D., additional, Ketzer, B., additional, Lisowska, M., additional, Muller, H., additional, de Oliveira, R., additional, Oliveri, E., additional, Orlandini, G., additional, Pfeiffer, D., additional, Ropelewski, L., additional, Samarati, J., additional, Sauli, F., additional, Scharenberg, L., additional, van Stenis, M., additional, Utrobicic, A., additional, and Veenhof, R., additional

Published
2023
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13. REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS (RPP2022)

Author

Workman, RL, Burkert, VD, Crede, V, Klempt, E, Thoma, U, Tiator, L, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Allanach, BC, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Aschenauer, EC, Asner, DM, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, RM, Baudis, L, Bauer, CW, Beatty, JJ, Belousov, VI, Beringer, J, Bettini, A, Biebel, O, Black, KM, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Bryzgalov, VV, Buchmuller, O, Bychkov, MA, Cahn, RN, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chivukula, RS, Cowan, G, Cranmer, K, Cremonesi, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Demers, S, Dobrescu, BA, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Dreiner, HK, Eerola, P, Egede, U, Eidelman, S, El-Khadra, AX, Ellis, J, Eno, SC, Erler, J, Ezhela, VV, Fetscher, W, Fields, BD, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Gonzalez-Garcia, MC, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, AV, Grojean, C, Groom, DE, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, HE, Hamel, M, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Hernandez-Rey, JJ, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Hsu, L, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Ianni, A, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, UF, Kenzie, M, Khoze, VA, Klein, SR, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krizan, P, Krusche, B, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lellouch, LP, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, AR, Ligeti, Z, Lin, CJ, Lippmann, C, Liss, TM, Littenberg, L, Lourenco, C, Lugovsky, KS, Lugovsky, SB, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, AV, Marciano, WJ, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, UG, Melzer-Pellmann, IA, Mikhasenko, M, Miller, DJ, Milstead, D, Mitchell, RE, Monig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nelles, A, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, KA, Patrignani, C, Peacock, JA, Petrov, VA, Pianori, E, Pich, A, Piepke, A, Pietropaolo, F, Pomarol, A, Pordes, S, Profumo, S, Quadt, A, Rabbertz, K, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ramsey-Musolf, M, Ratcliff, BN, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Robinson, DJ, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, LJ, Rosner, JL, Rybka, G, Ryskin, MG, Ryutin, RA, Sakai, Y, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Schonert, S, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, AJ, Schwiening, J, Scott, D, Sefkow, F, Seljak, U, Sharma, V, Sharpe, SR, Shiltsev, V, Signorelli, G, Silari, M, Simon, F, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smoot, GF, Soffer, A, Sozzi, MS, Spanier, S, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, SL, Sumino, Y, Syphers, MJ, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Tanaka, J, Tasevsky, M, Terao, K, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, RS, Titov, M, Tkachenko, NP, Tovey, DR, Trabelsi, K, Urquijo, P, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vivarelli, I, Vogel, P, Vogelsang, W, Vorobyev, V, Wakely, SP, Walkowiak, W, Walter, CW, Wands, D, Weinberg, DH, Weinberg, EJ, Wermes, N, White, M, Wiencke, LR, Willocq, S, Wohl, CG, Woody, CL, Yao, WM, Yokoyama, M, Yoshida, R, Zanderighi, G, Zeller, GP, Zenin, OV, Zhu, RY, Zhu, SL, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, PA, Anderson, J, Basaglia, T, Schaffner, P, Zheng, W, Workman, RL, Burkert, VD, Crede, V, Klempt, E, Thoma, U, Tiator, L, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Allanach, BC, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Aschenauer, EC, Asner, DM, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, RM, Baudis, L, Bauer, CW, Beatty, JJ, Belousov, VI, Beringer, J, Bettini, A, Biebel, O, Black, KM, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Bryzgalov, VV, Buchmuller, O, Bychkov, MA, Cahn, RN, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chivukula, RS, Cowan, G, Cranmer, K, Cremonesi, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Demers, S, Dobrescu, BA, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Dreiner, HK, Eerola, P, Egede, U, Eidelman, S, El-Khadra, AX, Ellis, J, Eno, SC, Erler, J, Ezhela, VV, Fetscher, W, Fields, BD, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Gonzalez-Garcia, MC, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, AV, Grojean, C, Groom, DE, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, HE, Hamel, M, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Hernandez-Rey, JJ, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Hsu, L, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Ianni, A, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, UF, Kenzie, M, Khoze, VA, Klein, SR, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krizan, P, Krusche, B, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lellouch, LP, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, AR, Ligeti, Z, Lin, CJ, Lippmann, C, Liss, TM, Littenberg, L, Lourenco, C, Lugovsky, KS, Lugovsky, SB, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, AV, Marciano, WJ, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, UG, Melzer-Pellmann, IA, Mikhasenko, M, Miller, DJ, Milstead, D, Mitchell, RE, Monig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nelles, A, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, KA, Patrignani, C, Peacock, JA, Petrov, VA, Pianori, E, Pich, A, Piepke, A, Pietropaolo, F, Pomarol, A, Pordes, S, Profumo, S, Quadt, A, Rabbertz, K, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ramsey-Musolf, M, Ratcliff, BN, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Robinson, DJ, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, LJ, Rosner, JL, Rybka, G, Ryskin, MG, Ryutin, RA, Sakai, Y, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Schonert, S, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, AJ, Schwiening, J, Scott, D, Sefkow, F, Seljak, U, Sharma, V, Sharpe, SR, Shiltsev, V, Signorelli, G, Silari, M, Simon, F, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smoot, GF, Soffer, A, Sozzi, MS, Spanier, S, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, SL, Sumino, Y, Syphers, MJ, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Tanaka, J, Tasevsky, M, Terao, K, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, RS, Titov, M, Tkachenko, NP, Tovey, DR, Trabelsi, K, Urquijo, P, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vivarelli, I, Vogel, P, Vogelsang, W, Vorobyev, V, Wakely, SP, Walkowiak, W, Walter, CW, Wands, D, Weinberg, DH, Weinberg, EJ, Wermes, N, White, M, Wiencke, LR, Willocq, S, Wohl, CG, Woody, CL, Yao, WM, Yokoyama, M, Yoshida, R, Zanderighi, G, Zeller, GP, Zenin, OV, Zhu, RY, Zhu, SL, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, PA, Anderson, J, Basaglia, T, Schaffner, P, and Zheng, W

Subjects
Particle Data Group, HEP, PDG
Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Machine Learning, and one on Spectroscopy of Light Meson Resonances.The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 97 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 23 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings.The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app.

Published
2022

17. Recoil imaging for dark matter, neutrinos, and physics beyond the Standard Model

Author

O'Hare, C. A. J., Loomba, D., Altenmüller, K., Álvarez-Pol, H., Amaro, F. D., Araújo, H. M., Sierra, D. Aristizabal, Asaadi, J., Attié, D., Aune, S., Awe, C., Ayyad, Y., Baracchini, E., Barbeau, P., Battat, J. B. R., Bell, N. F., Biasuzzi, B., Bignell, L. J., Boehm, C., Bolognino, I., Brunbauer, F. M., Caamaño, M., Cabo, C., Caratelli, D., Carmona, J. M., Castel, J. F., Cebrián, S., Cogollos, C., Collison, D., Costa, E., Dafni, T., Dastgiri, F., Deaconu, C., De Romeri, V., Desch, K., Dho, G., Di Giambattista, F., Díez-Ibáñez, D., D'Imperio, G., Dutta, B., Eldridge, C., Elliott, S. R., Ezeribe, A. C., Fava, A., Felkl, T., Fernández-Domínguez, B., Ribas, E. Ferrer, Flöthner, K. J., Froehlich, M., Galán, J., Galindo, J., García, F., Pascual, J. A. García, Gelli, B. P., Ghrear, M., Giomataris, Y., Gnanvo, K., Gramellini, E., Di Cortona, G. Grilli, Hall-Wilton, R., Harton, J., Hedges, S., Higashino, S., Hill, G., Holanda, P. C., Ikeda, T., Irastorza, I. G., Jackson, P., Janssens, D., Jones, B., Kaminski, J., Katsioulas, I., Kelly, K., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, E., Korandla, H. B., Kraus, H., Lackner, A., Lane, G. J., Lewis, P. M., Lisowska, M., Luzón, G., Lynch, W. A., Maccarrone, G., Mack, K. J., Majewski, P. A., Mano, R. D. P., Margalejo, C., Markoff, D., Marley, T., Marques, D. J. G., Massarczyk, R., Mazzitelli, G., McCabe, C., McKie, L. J., McLean, A. G., McNamara, P. C., Mei, Y., Messina, A., Mills, A. F., Mirallas, H., Miuchi, K., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mosbech, M. R., Muller, H., da Luz, H. Natal, Nakamura, K. D., Natochii, A., Neep, T., Newstead, J. L., Nikolopoulos, K., Obis, L., Oliveri, E., Orlandini, G., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, von Oy, J., Papaevangelou, T., Pérez, O., Perez-Gonzalez, Y. F., Pfeiffer, D., Phan, N. S., Piacentini, S., Olloqui, E. Picatoste, Pinci, D., Popescu, S., Prajapati, A., Queiroz, F. S., Raaf, J. L., Resnati, F., Ropelewski, L., Roque, R. C., Ruiz-Choliz, E., Rusu, A., Ruz, J., Samarati, J., Santos, E. M., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sauli, F., Scharenberg, L., Schiffer, T., Schmidt, S., Scholberg, K., Schott, M., Schueler, J., Segui, L., Sekiya, H., Sengupta, D., Slavkovska, Z., Snowden-Ifft, D., Soffitta, P., van Stenis, M., Spooner, N. J. C., Strigari, L., Stuchbery, A. E., Sun, X., Torelli, S., Tilly, E. G., Thomas, A. W., Thorpe, T. N., Urquijo, P., Utrobičić, A., Vahsen, S. E., Veenhof, R., Vogel, J. K., Williams, A. G., Wood, M. H., Zettlemoyer, J., O'Hare, C. A. J., Loomba, D., Altenmüller, K., Álvarez-Pol, H., Amaro, F. D., Araújo, H. M., Sierra, D. Aristizabal, Asaadi, J., Attié, D., Aune, S., Awe, C., Ayyad, Y., Baracchini, E., Barbeau, P., Battat, J. B. R., Bell, N. F., Biasuzzi, B., Bignell, L. J., Boehm, C., Bolognino, I., Brunbauer, F. M., Caamaño, M., Cabo, C., Caratelli, D., Carmona, J. M., Castel, J. F., Cebrián, S., Cogollos, C., Collison, D., Costa, E., Dafni, T., Dastgiri, F., Deaconu, C., De Romeri, V., Desch, K., Dho, G., Di Giambattista, F., Díez-Ibáñez, D., D'Imperio, G., Dutta, B., Eldridge, C., Elliott, S. R., Ezeribe, A. C., Fava, A., Felkl, T., Fernández-Domínguez, B., Ribas, E. Ferrer, Flöthner, K. J., Froehlich, M., Galán, J., Galindo, J., García, F., Pascual, J. A. García, Gelli, B. P., Ghrear, M., Giomataris, Y., Gnanvo, K., Gramellini, E., Di Cortona, G. Grilli, Hall-Wilton, R., Harton, J., Hedges, S., Higashino, S., Hill, G., Holanda, P. C., Ikeda, T., Irastorza, I. G., Jackson, P., Janssens, D., Jones, B., Kaminski, J., Katsioulas, I., Kelly, K., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, E., Korandla, H. B., Kraus, H., Lackner, A., Lane, G. J., Lewis, P. M., Lisowska, M., Luzón, G., Lynch, W. A., Maccarrone, G., Mack, K. J., Majewski, P. A., Mano, R. D. P., Margalejo, C., Markoff, D., Marley, T., Marques, D. J. G., Massarczyk, R., Mazzitelli, G., McCabe, C., McKie, L. J., McLean, A. G., McNamara, P. C., Mei, Y., Messina, A., Mills, A. F., Mirallas, H., Miuchi, K., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mosbech, M. R., Muller, H., da Luz, H. Natal, Nakamura, K. D., Natochii, A., Neep, T., Newstead, J. L., Nikolopoulos, K., Obis, L., Oliveri, E., Orlandini, G., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, von Oy, J., Papaevangelou, T., Pérez, O., Perez-Gonzalez, Y. F., Pfeiffer, D., Phan, N. S., Piacentini, S., Olloqui, E. Picatoste, Pinci, D., Popescu, S., Prajapati, A., Queiroz, F. S., Raaf, J. L., Resnati, F., Ropelewski, L., Roque, R. C., Ruiz-Choliz, E., Rusu, A., Ruz, J., Samarati, J., Santos, E. M., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sauli, F., Scharenberg, L., Schiffer, T., Schmidt, S., Scholberg, K., Schott, M., Schueler, J., Segui, L., Sekiya, H., Sengupta, D., Slavkovska, Z., Snowden-Ifft, D., Soffitta, P., van Stenis, M., Spooner, N. J. C., Strigari, L., Stuchbery, A. E., Sun, X., Torelli, S., Tilly, E. G., Thomas, A. W., Thorpe, T. N., Urquijo, P., Utrobičić, A., Vahsen, S. E., Veenhof, R., Vogel, J. K., Williams, A. G., Wood, M. H., and Zettlemoyer, J.

Abstract

Recoil imaging entails the detection of spatially resolved ionization tracks generated by particle interactions. This is a highly sought-after capability in many classes of detector, with broad applications across particle and astroparticle physics. However, at low energies, where ionization signatures are small in size, recoil imaging only seems to be a practical goal for micro-pattern gas detectors. This white paper outlines the physics case for recoil imaging, and puts forward a decadal plan to advance towards the directional detection of low-energy recoils with sensitivity and resolution close to fundamental performance limits. The science case covered includes: the discovery of dark matter into the neutrino fog, directional detection of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, the precision study of coherent-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, the detection of solar axions, the measurement of the Migdal effect, X-ray polarimetry, and several other applied physics goals. We also outline the R&D programs necessary to test concepts that are crucial to advance detector performance towards their fundamental limit: single primary electron sensitivity with full 3D spatial resolution at the $\sim$100 micron-scale. These advancements include: the use of negative ion drift, electron counting with high-definition electronic readout, time projection chambers with optical readout, and the possibility for nuclear recoil tracking in high-density gases such as argon. We also discuss the readout and electronics systems needed to scale-up such detectors to the ton-scale and beyond., Comment: 77 pages, 20 figures. Submitted to the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021)

Published
2022

18. Review Of Particle Physics

Author

Workman, R. L., Burkert, V. D., Crede, V, Klempt, E., Thoma, U., Tiator, L., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Allanach, B. C., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Aschenauer, E. C., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw, Barnett, R. M., Baudis, L., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V., I, Beringer, J., Bettini, A., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Bryzgalov, V. V., Buchmuller, O., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chivukula, R. Sekhar, Cowan, G., Cranmer, K., Cremonesi, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Demers, S., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Dreiner, H. K., Eerola, P., Egede, U., Eidelman, S., El-Khadra, A. X., Ellis, J., Eno, S. C., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A., V, Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hamel, Matthieu, Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Hsu, L., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Ianni, Al, Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Kenzie, M., Khoze, V. A., Klein, S. R., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krizan, P., Krusche, B., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lellouch, L. P., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A. R., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C-J, Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lourenco, C., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A., V, Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U-G, Melzer-Pellmann, I-A, Mikhasenko, M., Miller, D. J., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nelles, A., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Pich, A., Piepke, A., Pietropaolo, F., Pomarol, A., Pordes, S., Profumo, S., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Robinson, D. J., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryskin, M. G., Ryutin, R. A., Sakai, Y., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Schoenert, S., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Schwiening, J., Scott, D., Sefkow, F., Seljak, U., Sharma, V, Sharpe, S. R., Shiltsev, V, Signorelli, G., Silari, M., Simon, F., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smoot, G. F., Soffer, A., Sozzi, M. S., Spanier, S., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Tanaka, J., Tasevsky, M., Terao, K., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tovey, D. R., Trabelsi, K., Urquijo, P., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vivarelli, I, Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Vorobyev, V., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., Wermes, N., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Woody, C. L., Yao, W-M, Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, R., Zanderighi, G., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O., V, Zhu, R-Y, Zhu, Shi-Lin, Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Basaglia, T., Schaffner, P., Zheng, W., Workman, R. L., Burkert, V. D., Crede, V, Klempt, E., Thoma, U., Tiator, L., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Allanach, B. C., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Aschenauer, E. C., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw, Barnett, R. M., Baudis, L., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V., I, Beringer, J., Bettini, A., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Bryzgalov, V. V., Buchmuller, O., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chivukula, R. Sekhar, Cowan, G., Cranmer, K., Cremonesi, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Demers, S., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Dreiner, H. K., Eerola, P., Egede, U., Eidelman, S., El-Khadra, A. X., Ellis, J., Eno, S. C., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A., V, Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hamel, Matthieu, Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Hsu, L., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Ianni, Al, Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Kenzie, M., Khoze, V. A., Klein, S. R., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krizan, P., Krusche, B., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lellouch, L. P., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A. R., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C-J, Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lourenco, C., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A., V, Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U-G, Melzer-Pellmann, I-A, Mikhasenko, M., Miller, D. J., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nelles, A., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Pich, A., Piepke, A., Pietropaolo, F., Pomarol, A., Pordes, S., Profumo, S., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Robinson, D. J., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryskin, M. G., Ryutin, R. A., Sakai, Y., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Schoenert, S., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Schwiening, J., Scott, D., Sefkow, F., Seljak, U., Sharma, V, Sharpe, S. R., Shiltsev, V, Signorelli, G., Silari, M., Simon, F., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smoot, G. F., Soffer, A., Sozzi, M. S., Spanier, S., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Tanaka, J., Tasevsky, M., Terao, K., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tovey, D. R., Trabelsi, K., Urquijo, P., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vivarelli, I, Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Vorobyev, V., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., Wermes, N., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Woody, C. L., Yao, W-M, Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, R., Zanderighi, G., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O., V, Zhu, R-Y, Zhu, Shi-Lin, Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Basaglia, T., Schaffner, P., and Zheng, W.

Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Machine Learning, and one on Spectroscopy of Light Meson Resonances., The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 97 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 23 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings., The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app.

Published
2022
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20. Recoil imaging for dark matter, neutrinos, and physics beyond the Standard Model

Author

Ciaran O'Hare, Loomba, D., Altenmuller, K., Alvarez-Pol, H., Amaro, F. D., Araujo, H. M., Aristizabal Sierra, D., Asaadi, J., Attie, D., Aune, S., Awe, C., Ayyad, Y., Baracchini, e, Barbeau, P., Battat, J. B. R., Bell, N. F., Biasuzzi, B., Bignell, L. J., Boehm, C., Bolognino, I., Brunbauer, F. M., Caamano, M., Cabo, C., Caratelli, D., Carmona, J. M., Castel, J. F., Cebrián, S., Cogollos, C., Collison, D., Costa, E., Dafni, T., Dastgiri, F., Deaconu, C., Romeri, V., Desch, K., Dho, G., Di Giambattista, F., Dezibánez, D., D Imperio, G., Dutta, B., Eldridge, C., Elliott, S. R., Ezeribe, A. C., Fava, A., Felkl, T., Fernández-Domnguez, B., Ferrer Ribas, E., Flothner, K. J., Froehlich, M., Galán, J., Galindo, J., Garca, F., Garca Pascual, J. A., Gelli, B. P., Ghrear, M., Giomataris, Y., Gnanvo, K., Gramellini, E., Di Cortona, G. Grilli, Hall-Wilton, R., Harton, J., Hedges, S., Higashino, S., Hill, G., Holanda, P. C., Ikeda, T., Irastorza, I. G., Jackson, P., Janssens, D., Jones, B., Kaminski, J., Katsioulas, I., Kelly, K., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, E., Korandla, H. B., Kraus, H., Lackner, A., Lane, G. J., Lewis, P. M., Lisowska, M., Luzón, G., Lynch, W. A., Maccarrone, G., Mack, K. J., Majewski, P. A., Mano, R. D. P., Margalejo, C., Markoff, D., Marley, T., Marques, D. J. G., Massarczyk, R., Mazzitelli, G., Mccabe, C., Mckie, L. J., Mclean, A. G., Mcnamara, P. C., Mei, Y., Messina, A., Mills, A. F., Mirallas, H., Miuchi, K., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mosbech, M. R., Muller, H., Natal Da Luz, H., Nakamura, K. D., Natochii, A., Neep, T., Newstead, J. L., Nikolopoulos, K., Obis, L., Oliveri, E., Orlandini, G., Ortiz de Solórzano, A., Oy, J., Papaevangelou, T., Pérez, O., Perez-Gonzalez, Y. F., Pfeiffer, D., Phan, N. S., Piacentini, S., Picatoste Olloqui, E., Pinci, D., Popescu, S., Prajapati, A., Queiroz, F. S., Raaf, J. L., Resnati, F., Ropelewski, L., Roque, R. C., Ruiz-Choliz, E., Rusu, A., Ruz, J., Samarati, J., Santos, E. M., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sauli, F., Scharenberg, L., Schiffer, T., Schmidt, S., Scholberg, K., Schott, M., Schueler, J., Segui, L., Sekiya, H., Sengupta, D., Slavkovska, Z., Snowden-Ifft, D., Soffitta, P., Stenis, M., Spooner, N. J. C., Strigari, L., Stuchbery, A. E., Sun, X., Torelli, S., Tilly, E. G., Thomas, A. W., Thorpe, T. N., Urquijo, P., Utrobicic, A., Vahsen, S. E., Veenhof, R., Vogel, J. K., Williams, A. G., Wood, M. H., and Zettlemoyer, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, astro-ph.CO, hep-ph, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, physics.ins-det, Particle Physics - Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Recoil imaging entails the detection of spatially resolved ionization tracks generated by particle interactions. This is a highly sought-after capability in many classes of detector, with broad applications across particle and astroparticle physics. However, at low energies, where ionization signatures are small in size, recoil imaging only seems to be a practical goal for micro-pattern gas detectors. This white paper outlines the physics case for recoil imaging, and puts forward a decadal plan to advance towards the directional detection of low-energy recoils with sensitivity and resolution close to fundamental performance limits. The science case covered includes: the discovery of dark matter into the neutrino fog, directional detection of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, the precision study of coherent-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, the detection of solar axions, the measurement of the Migdal effect, X-ray polarimetry, and several other applied physics goals. We also outline the R&D programs necessary to test concepts that are crucial to advance detector performance towards their fundamental limit: single primary electron sensitivity with full 3D spatial resolution at the $\sim$100 micron-scale. These advancements include: the use of negative ion drift, electron counting with high-definition electronic readout, time projection chambers with optical readout, and the possibility for nuclear recoil tracking in high-density gases such as argon. We also discuss the readout and electronics systems needed to scale-up such detectors to the ton-scale and beyond.

Published
2022

21. Micropattern gaseous photon detectors for Cherenkov imaging counters

Author

Alexeev, M., Birsa, R., Bradamante, F., Bressan, A., Chiosso, M., Ciliberti, P., Croci, G., Colantoni, M.L., Dalla Torre, S., Duarte Pinto, S., Denisov, O., Diaz, V., Duic, V., Ferrero, A., Finger, M., Finger Jr, M., Fischer, H., Giacomini, G., Giorgi, M., Gobbo, B., Heinsius, F.H., Herrmann, F., Königsmann, K., Kramer, D., Lauser, L., Levorato, S., Maggiora, A., Martin, A., Menon, G., Mutter, A., Nerling, F., Panzieri, D., Pesaro, G., Polak, J., Rocco, E., Ropeleswki, L., Sauli, F., Sbrizzai, G., Schiavon, P., Schill, C., Schopferer, S., Slunecka, M., Sozzi, F., Steiger, L., Sulc, M., Takekawa, S., Tessarotto, F., and Wollny, H.

Published
2010
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22. Activity of CERN and LNF groups on large area GEM detectors

Author

Alfonsi, M., Bencivenni, G., Brock, I., Cerioni, S., Croci, G., David, E., De Lucia, E., De Oliveira, R., De Robertis, G., Domenici, D., Duarte Pinto, S., Felici, G., Gatta, M., Jacewicz, M., Loddo, F., Morello, G., Pistilli, M., Ranieri, A., Ropelewski, L., Sauli, F., Schioppa, M., and Van Stenis, M.

Published
2010
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23. The quest for a third generation of gaseous photon detectors for Cherenkov imaging counters

Author

Alexeev, M., Birsa, R., Bradamante, F., Bressan, A., Chiosso, M., Ciliberti, P., Croci, G., Colantoni, M.L., Dalla Torre, S., Duarte Pinto, S., Denisov, O., Diaz, V., Duic, V., Ferrero, A., Finger, M., Finger Jr., M., Fischer, H., Giacomini, G., Giorgi, M., Gobbo, B., Hagemann, R., Heinsius, F.H., Herrmann, F., Königsmann, K., Kramer, D., Lauser, L., Levorato, S., Maggiora, A., Martin, A., Menon, G., Mutter, A., Nerling, F., Panzieri, D., Pesaro, G., Polak, J., Rocco, E., Ropeleswki, L., Sauli, F., Sbrizzai, G., Schiavon, P., Schill, C., Schopferer, S., Slunecka, M., Sozzi, F., Steiger, L., Sulc, M., Takekawa, S., Tessarotto, F., and Wollny, H.

Published
2009
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27. Review of Particle Physics and 2021 Update

Author

Zyla, P. A., Barnett, R. M., Wohl, C. G., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lellouch, L. P., Lesgourgues, J., Yao, W. -M., Liddle, A. R., Ligeti, Z., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lourengo, C., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Agashe, K., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U. -G., Mikhasenko, M., Miller, D. J., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Aielli, G., Mönig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Allanach, B. C., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pich, A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Profumo, S., Amsler, C., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ramani, H., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Antonelli, M., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryskin, M., Ryutin, R. A., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Aschenauer, E. C., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Schwiening, J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Asner, D. M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smoot, G. F., Soffer, A., Sozzi, M. S., Spanier, S., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Baer, H., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Tanaka, J., Taševský, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Beringer, J., Banerjee, Sw, Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tovey, D. R., Trabelsi, K., Urquijo, P., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Baudis, L., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Vogt, A., Vorobyev, V., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Bauer, C. W., Wands, D., Wascko, M. O., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yokoyama, M., Beatty, J. J., Yoshida, R., Zanderighi, G., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Anderson, J., Basaglia, T., Lugovsky, V. S., Belousov, V. I., Schaffner, P., Zheng, W., Group, Particle Data, Sefkow, Felix, Simon, Frank, Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Dahl, O., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chivukula, R. Sekhar, Cowan, G., Dwyer, D. A., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvêa, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Groom, D. E., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Eerola, P., Egede, U., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Lin, C. -J., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Lugovsky, K. S., Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Pianori, E., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Robinson, D. J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Kenzie, M., Khoze, V. A., and Klein, S. R.

Subjects
heavy [boson], lepton, mixing [neutrino], diffraction, dark matter: density, Higgs particle, quark, cosmological model: parameter space, quantum chromodynamics, ddc:530, sparticle, energy: high, gauge boson, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, photon, C50 Other topics in experimental particle physics, density [dark matter], parameter space [cosmological model], baryon, density [dark energy], grand unified theory, boson: heavy, dark energy: density, statistics, CKM matrix, axion, high [energy], High Energy Physics::Experiment, hadron, supersymmetry, neutrino: mixing
Abstract

Progress of theoretical and experimental physics 2020(8), 083C01 (2021). doi:10.1093/ptep/ptaa104, The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on High Energy Soft QCD and Diffraction and one on the Determination of CKM Angles from B Hadrons., Published by Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford

Published
2021
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28. La qualité de la formation professionnelle duale en Suisse

Author

Jean-Louis Berger, Wenger, M., and Sauli, F.

Subjects
formation professionnelle duale, perceptions de la formation training quality, training perceptions, qualité de la formation, dual vocational education and training
Abstract

Résumé Afin de comprendre la qualité d’une formation par les conceptions de ses acteurs, une étude a été conduite dans le contexte de la formation professionnelle duale en Suisse romande. Par des entretiens collectifs, nous identifions les aspects constituant cette qualité selon les apprentis, les enseignants et les formateurs en entreprise. Les résultats montrent la diversité des aspects de la qualité et en illustrent deux : l’articulation entre lieux de formation et les pratiques formatives. Summary In order to understand training quality via the conceptions of its stakeholders, a study was conducted in the context of dual vocational education and training in French- speaking Switzerland. Using focus groups interviews, we identify the aspects constituting this quality according to apprentices, teachers, and in-company trainers. The results show the diversity of aspects constituting quality and illustrate two of them, the articulation between training sites and training practices.

Published
2020

30. The COMPASS experiment at CERN

Author

Abbon, P., Albrecht, E., Alexakhin, V.Yu., Alexandrov, Yu., Alexeev, G.D., Alekseev, M.G., Amoroso, A., Angerer, H., Anosov, V.A., Badełek, B., Balestra, F., Ball, J., Barth, J., Baum, G., Becker, M., Bedfer, Y., Berglund, P., Bernet, C., Bertini, R., Bettinelli, M., Birsa, R., Bisplinghoff, J., Bordalo, P., Bosteels, M., Bradamante, F., Braem, A., Bravar, A., Bressan, A., Brona, G., Burtin, E., Bussa, M.P., Bytchkov, V.N., Chalifour, M., Chapiro, A., Chiosso, M., Ciliberti, P., Cicuttin, A., Colantoni, M., Colavita, A.A., Costa, S., Crespo, M.L., Cristaudo, P., Dafni, T., d’Hose, N., Dalla Torre, S., d’Ambrosio, C., Das, S., Dasgupta, S.S., Delagnes, E., De Masi, R., Deck, P., Dedek, N., Demchenko, D., Denisov, O.Yu., Dhara, L., Diaz, V., Dibiase, N., Dinkelbach, A.M., Dolgopolov, A.V., Donati, A., Donskov, S.V., Dorofeev, V.A., Doshita, N., Durand, D., Duic, V., Dünnweber, W., Efremov, A., Eversheim, P.D., Eyrich, W., Faessler, M., Falaleev, V., Fauland, P., Ferrero, A., Ferrero, L., Finger, M., Finger, M., Jr., Fischer, H., Franco, C., Franz, J., Fratnik, F., Friedrich, J.M., Frolov, V., Fuchs, U., Garfagnini, R., Gatignon, L., Gautheron, F., Gavrichtchouk, O.P., Gerassimov, S., Geyer, R., Gheller, J.M., Giganon, A., Giorgi, M., Gobbo, B., Goertz, S., Gorin, A.M., Gougnaud, F., Grabmüller, S., Grajek, O.A., Grasso, A., Grube, B., Grünemaier, A., Guskov, A., Haas, F., Hagemann, R., Hannappel, J., von Harrach, D., Hasegawa, T., Heckmann, J., Hedicke, S., Heinsius, F.H., Hermann, R., Heß, C., Hinterberger, F., von Hodenberg, M., Horikawa, N., Horikawa, S., Horn, I., Ilgner, C., Ioukaev, A.I., Ishimoto, S., Ivanchin, I., Ivanov, O., Iwata, T., Jahn, R., Janata, A., Joosten, R., Jouravlev, N.I., Kabuß, E., Kalinnikov, V., Kang, D., Karstens, F., Kastaun, W., Ketzer, B., Khaustov, G.V., Khokhlov, Yu.A., Kiefer, J., Kisselev, Yu., Klein, F., Klimaszewski, K., Koblitz, S., Koivuniemi, J.H., Kolosov, V.N., Komissarov, E.V., Kondo, K., Königsmann, K., Konoplyannikov, A.K., Konorov, I., Konstantinov, V.F., Korentchenko, A.S., Korzenev, A., Kotzinian, A.M., Koutchinski, N.A., Kouznetsov, O., Kowalik, K., Kramer, D., Kravchuk, N.P., Krivokhizhin, G.V., Kroumchtein, Z.V., Kubart, J., Kuhn, R., Kukhtin, V., Kunne, F., Kurek, K., Kuzmin, N.A., Lamanna, M., Le Goff, J.M., Leberig, M., Lednev, A.A., Lehmann, A., Levinski, V., Levorato, S., I Lyashenko, V., Lichtenstadt, J., Liska, T., Ludwig, I., Maggiora, A., Maggiora, M., Magnon, A., Mallot, G.K., Mann, A., Manuilov, I.V., Marchand, C., Marroncle, J., Martin, A., Marzec, J., Masek, L., Massmann, F., Matsuda, T., Matthiä, D., Maximov, A.N., Menon, G., Meyer, W., Mielech, A., Mikhailov, Yu.V., Moinester, M.A., Molinié, F., Mota, F., Mutter, A., Nagel, T., Nähle, O., Nassalski, J., Neliba, S., Nerling, F., Neyret, D., Niebuhr, M., Niinikoski, T., Nikolaenko, V.I., Nozdrin, A.A., Olshevsky, A.G., Ostrick, M., Padee, A., Pagano, P., Panebianco, S., Parsamyan, B., Panzieri, D., Paul, S., Pawlukiewicz, B., Pereira, H., Peshekhonov, D.V., Peshekhonov, V.D., Piedigrossi, D., Piragino, G., Platchkov, S., Platzer, K., Pochodzalla, J., Polak, J., Polyakov, V.A., Pontecorvo, G., Popov, A.A., Pretz, J., Procureur, S., Quintans, C., Rajotte, J.-F., Ramos, S., Razaq, I., Rebourgeard, P., Reggiani, D., Reicherz, G., Richter, A., Robinet, F., Rocco, E., Rondio, E., Ropelewski, L., Roussé, J.Y., Rozhdestvensky, A.M., Ryabchikov, D., Samartsev, A.G., Samoylenko, V.D., Sandacz, A., Sans Merce, M., Santos, H., Sapozhnikov, M.G., Sauli, F., Savin, I.A., Schiavon, P., Schill, C., Schmidt, T., Schmitt, H., Schmitt, L., Schönmeier, P., Schroeder, W., Seeharsch, D., Seimetz, M., Setter, D., Shaligin, A., Shevchenko, O.Yu., Shishkin, A.A., Siebert, H.-W., Silva, L., Simon, F., Sinha, L., Sissakian, A.N., Slunecka, M., Smirnov, G.I., Sora, D., Sosio, S., Sozzi, F., Srnka, A., Stinzing, F., Stolarski, M., Sugonyaev, V.P., Sulc, M., Sulej, R., Tarte, G., Takabayashi, N., Tchalishev, V.V., Tessaro, S., Tessarotto, F., Teufel, A., Thers, D., Tkatchev, L.G., Toeda, T., Tokmenin, V.V., Trippel, S., Urban, J., Valbuena, R., Venugopal, G., Virius, M., Vlassov, N.V., Vossen, A., Wagner, M., Webb, R., Weise, E., Weitzel, Q., Wiedner, U., Wiesmann, M., Windmolders, R., Wirth, S., Wiślicki, W., Wollny, H., Zanetti, A.M., Zaremba, K., Zavertyaev, M., Zhao, J., Ziegler, R., Ziembicki, M., Zlobin, Y.L., and Zvyagin, A.

Published
2007
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31. TPG, test results

Author

Ableev, V., Ambrosino, F., Apollonio, M., Bene, P., Blondel, A., Catanesi, M.G., Chiefari, G., Chimenti, P., Favaron, P., Gastaldi, U., Giani, S., Giannini, G., Gschwendtner, E., Legrand, J.-C., Lollo, M., Musa, L., Musso, G., Napolitano, M., de Oliveira, R., Palladino, V., Radicioni, E., Richeux, J.-P., Rigato, M., Ropelewski, L., Roscilli, L., Sandstroem, R., Saracino, G., Sauli, F., van Stenis, M., and Temnikov, P.

Subjects
Gas-detectors -- Research, Nuclear physics -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

TPG is the acronym for Time Projection Chamber with GEM amplification, high-granularity hexaboard read-out and FADC electronics. We have constructed a TPG read-out module, called TPG-head, with three GEM foils and a multilayer board, called hexaboard, covered with 710 000 hexagonal pads of 300[micro]m size. The total active area of this module is a disk of 30 cm diameter. The 710 000 pads are read by three sets of 576 strips dephased by 120 degrees. Each strip is read by a FADC channel with 100 ns sampling time. The module is mounted in a test-bed formed by a cilindrical field cage of 80 cm diameter and 150 cm length inside a solenoidal magnet that operates with a magnetic field up to B = 0.7 Tesla. Tests with X-ray sources show an intrinsic spatial resolution of the order of 40 [micro]m. The threshold for transverse momentum measurement of low energy tracks is below 0.1 MeV/c with a magnetic field of 0.07 Tesla. At 0.7 Tesla the intrinsic space point resolution of the chamber is such that the error on the measurement of the transverse momentum is [DELTA][P.sub.t] [??] 0.1 MeV/c in absence of distortions from the drift region. Index Terms--Gaseous detectors, GEM, hexaboard, time projection chamber (TPC).

Published
2005

33. Triple GEM tracking detectors for COMPASS

Author

Ketzer, B., Altunbas, M.C., Dehmelt, K., Ehlers, J., Friedrich, J., Grube, B., Kappler, S., Konorov, I., Paul, S., Placci, A., Ropelewski, L., Sauli, F., Schmitt, L., and Simon, F.

Subjects
Gas-detectors -- Design and construction, Ionization -- Measurement, Particles (Nuclear physics) -- Analysis, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The small-area tracker of COMPASS, a high-luminosity fixed target experiment at CERN's SPS, includes a set of 20 large-size (31 x 31 [cm.sup.2]) gas electron multiplier (GEM) detectors. Based on gas amplification in three cascaded GEM foils, these devices permit to obtain high gain and good spatial resolution even at very high particle fluxes. A two-coordinate projective readout yields, for each track, highly correlated signal amplitudes on both projections, allowing to resolve multiple hits in high occupancy regions close to the central deactivated area of 5 cm diameter. At the same time, the material exposed to the beam is minimized. Splitting the amplification in three cascaded stages permits to achieve a gain of ~ 8000, necessary for efficient (> 98%) detection of minimum ionizing particles on both coordinates, already at relatively moderate voltages across individual GEM foils. As a consequence, the probability of a gas discharge to occur when a heavily ionizing particle enters the detector volume, is reduced by more than one order of magnitude at a given gain compared to the initially foreseen double GEM structure. In conjunction with other strategies resulting from extensive R&D on discharge phenomena, we were able to further reduce both the energy and the probability of such breakdowns. In order to completely exclude permanent damage to the front-end chip by the rare event of a discharge fully propagating to the readout strips, an external electronic protection circuit is used. The operational characteristics of these detectors were examined both in the laboratory and in the beam, where a spatial resolution for minimum ionizing particles of (46 [+ or -] 3) [micro]m and a time resolution of ~ 15 ns were achieved. For the 2001 run of COMPASS, a total of 14 triple GEM detectors have been installed. First results from the commissioning phase in the high-intensity [micro] beam are presented. Index Terms--Gas detectors, gas electron multiplier, high-rate tracking, position-sensitive particle detectors.

Published
2002

34. Optical readout studies of the Thick-COBRA gaseous detector

Author

Garcia, F., primary, Brunbauer, F.M., additional, Lisowska, M., additional, Müller, H., additional, Oliveri, E., additional, Pfeiffer, D., additional, Ropelewski, L., additional, Samarati, J., additional, Sauli, F., additional, Scharenberg, L., additional, Silva, A.L.M., additional, Stenis, M. van, additional, Veenhof, R., additional, and Veloso, J.F.C.A., additional

Published
2021
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36. Review of Particle Physics

Author

Tanabashi, M, Grp, P, Hagiwara, K, Hikasa, K, Nakamura, K, Sumino, Y, Takahashi, F, Tanaka, J, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bettini, A, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Black, K, Blucher, E, Buchmuller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Firestone, R, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hisano, J, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitche, R, Moenig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Murayama, H, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Pianori, E, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stah, A, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thoma, U, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vincter, M, Voge, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Willocq, S, Woh, C, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zhu, S, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Fuller, L, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Tanabashi, M., Grp, Particle Data, Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitche, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D. R., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Voge, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Woh, C. C., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Tanabashi, M, Grp, P, Hagiwara, K, Hikasa, K, Nakamura, K, Sumino, Y, Takahashi, F, Tanaka, J, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bettini, A, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Black, K, Blucher, E, Buchmuller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Firestone, R, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hisano, J, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitche, R, Moenig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Murayama, H, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Pianori, E, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stah, A, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thoma, U, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vincter, M, Voge, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Willocq, S, Woh, C, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zhu, S, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Fuller, L, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Tanabashi, M., Grp, Particle Data, Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitche, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D. R., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Voge, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Woh, C. C., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V. S., and Schaffner, P.

Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,873 new measurements from 758 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 118 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Neutrinos in Cosmology. Starting with this edition, the Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and all review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings. Review articles that were previously part of the Listings are now included in volume 1. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.1b1.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is also available

Published
2018

38. Review of Particle Physics, 2020-2021

Author

Zyla, P A, Barnett, R M, Beringer, J, Dahl, O, Dwyer, D A, Groom, D E, Lin, C -J, Lugovsky, K S, Pianori, E, Robinson, D J, Wohl, C G, Yao, W -M, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Allanach, B C, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Aschenauer, E C, Asner, D M, Baer, H, Banerjee, Sw, Baudis, L, Bauer, C W, Beatty, J J, Belousov, V I, Bethke, S, Bettini, A, Biebel, O, Black, K M, Blucher, E, Buchmuller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M A, Cahn, R N, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chivukula, R Sekhar, Cowan, G, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvêa, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B A, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H K, Eerola, P, Egede, U, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B D, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H -J, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A A, Gonzalez-Garcia, M C, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A V, Grojean, C, Grünewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H E, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Heltsley, B, Hernández-Rey, J J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Höcker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Johnson, K F, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U F, Kenzie, M, Khoze, V A, Klein, S R, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R V, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lellouch, L P, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, A R, Ligeti, Z, Lippmann, C, Liss, T M, Littenberg, L, Lourengo, C, Lugovsky, S B, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A V, Marciano, W J, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meißner, U -G, Mikhasenko, M, Miller, D J, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R E, Mönig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K A, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J A, Petcov, S T, Petrov, V A, Pich, A, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Profumo, S, Quadt, A, Rabbertz, K, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ramani, H, Ramsey-Musolf, M, Ratcliff, B N, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L J, Rosner, J L, Rybka, G, Ryskin, M, Ryutin, R A, Sakai, Y, Salam, G P, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A J, Schwiening, J, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S R, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjöstrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smoot, G F, Soffer, A, Sozzi, M S, Spanier, S, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S L, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M J, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Tanaka, J, Taševský, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thoma, U, Thorne, R S, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N P, Tovey, D R, Trabelsi, K, Urquijo, P, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vincter, M G, Vogel, P, Vogelsang, W, Vogt, A, Vorobyev, V, Wakely, S P, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C W, Wands, D, Wascko, M O, Weinberg, D H, Weinberg, E J, White, M, Wiencke, L R, Willocq, S, Woody, C L, Workman, R L, Yokoyama, M, Yoshida, R, Zanderighi, G, Zeller, G P, Zenin, O V, Zhu, R -Y, Zhu, S -L, Zimmermann, F, Anderson, J, Basaglia, T, Lugovsky, V S, Schaffner, P, and Zheng, W

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, Particle Physics - Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Published
2020

39. Development of the gas electron multiplier (GEM)

Author

Benlloch, J., Bressan, A., Buttner, C., Capeans, M., Gruwe, M., Hoch, M., Labbe, J.C., Placci, A., Ropelewski, L., Sauli, F., Sharma, A., and Veenhof, R.

Subjects
Multipliers (Electronics) -- Analysis, Amplifiers (Electronics) -- Analysis, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

We describe recent developments of the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM), a thin composite mesh acting as proportional avalanche amplifier in gas counters'. In beam tests we have verified the excellent efficiency, time resolution and localization accuracy for a GEM with micro-strip read-out. Efficiency, localization accuracy and operation in strong magnetic fields has been verified; operation at rates above [10.sup.6] Hz/[mm.sup.2] and lifetimes corresponding to at least 10 mC/cm of collected charge have been demonstrated. Refinements in the manufacturing technology have permitted the realization of large size detectors (27 by 25 [cm.sup.2]), to be used in conjunction with micro-strip gas chambers. With an improved design, stable gains above two thousand have been reached (GEM2000); larger gains can be obtained increasing the thickness of the foils, cascading two GEMs at some distance or in electrical contact. Further developments of the technology and prospective applications are discussed.

Published
1998

40. THE LAA PROJECT

Author

ANZIVINO, G., primary, ARNEODO, M., additional, ARZARELLO, F., additional, BARI, G., additional, BASILE, M., additional, BATTISTON, R., additional, BECKER, U., additional, BELLAGAMBA, L., additional, BENOT, M., additional, BERBIERS, J., additional, BERGSMA, F., additional, BERTIN, R., additional, BOCK, R. K., additional, BOSCHERINI, D., additional, BOUCLIER, R., additional, BRUNI, G., additional, BRUNI, P., additional, CAPUTI, L., additional, ROMEO, G. CARA, additional, CASACCIA, R., additional, CHARPAK, G., additional, CHIARINI, M., additional, CHRIST, N. H., additional, CIPARELLI, L., additional, CINDOLO, F., additional, COLAVITA, E., additional, CONTIN, A., additional, CROTTY, I., additional, D'ALI, G., additional, D'AMBROSIO, C., additional, D'AURIA, S., additional, DARDO, M., additional, DE PASQUALE, S., additional, DE SALVO, R., additional, DEL PAPA, C., additional, DOBINSON, R., additional, DUPONT, J., additional, DUPRAZ, J., additional, EKELÖF, T., additional, FABRE, J. P., additional, FORD, P., additional, FRASCONI, F., additional, GAUDAEN, J., additional, GIUSTI, P., additional, GOEBEL, K., additional, GRINNEL, C., additional, GUERARD, B., additional, GYS, T., additional, HEIJNE, E., additional, HELLMAN, S., additional, HOURICAN, M., additional, IACOBUCCI, G., additional, JARRON, P., additional, JENNI, P., additional, JONES, L., additional, KIRKBY, J., additional, KRISHER, W., additional, LAAKSO, I., additional, LABBÉ, J. C., additional, LARSEN, H., additional, LAURENTI, G., additional, LEE, T. D., additional, LEUTZ, H., additional, LONE, L., additional, MACCARRONE, G., additional, MASSAM, T., additional, MEIER, K. H., additional, MILLION, G., additional, NANIA, R., additional, O'SHEA, V., additional, OLIVA, A., additional, PAAR, H. P., additional, PALMONARI, F., additional, PELFER, P., additional, PERONI, C., additional, PEROTTO, E., additional, PESKOV, V., additional, PIEDIGROSSI, D., additional, QIAN, S., additional, SANTIARD, J. C., additional, SARTORELLI, G., additional, SAULI, F., additional, SCHENVIT, E., additional, SCHIPPER, J., additional, SCIGOCKI, D., additional, SHARP, P., additional, SHÖNBACHER, H., additional, SIMONET, G., additional, SONDEREGGER, P., additional, SPORTELLI, L., additional, SUFFERT, M., additional, SUSINNO, G. C., additional, TAILHARDAT, S., additional, TERRANEO, A. E., additional, VOTANO, L., additional, WEIDBERG, T., additional, WIGMANS, R., additional, WILLUTZKY, M., additional, YEH, C. H., additional, YPSILANTIS, T., additional, ZICHICHI, A., additional, and ZOGRAPHOS, K., additional

Published
2002
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. The gas electron multiplier (GEM)

Author

Bouclier, R., Capeans, M., Dominik, W., Hoch, M., Labbe, J.-C., Million, G., Ropelewski, L., Sauli, F., and Sharma, A.

Subjects
Nuclear counters -- Design and construction, Electrodes -- Design and construction, Nuclear research -- Equipment and supplies, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

We describe operating principles and results obtained with a new detector element: the Gas Electrons Multiplier (GEM) [1]. Consisting of a thin composite sheet with two metal layers separated by a thin insulator, and pierced by a regular matrix of open channels, the GEM electrode, inserted on the path of electrons in a gas detector, allows the transfer of charge with an amplification factor approaching ten. Uniform response and high rate capability are demonstrated. Coupled to another device, multiwire or micro-strip chamber, the GEM electrode permits higher gains or less critical operation; separation of the sensitive (conversion) volume and the detection volume has other advantages: a built-in delay (useful for triggering purposes), and the possibility of applying high fields on the photo-cathode of ring imaging detectors to improve efficiency. Multiple GEM grids in the same gas volume allow large amplification factors to be achieved in a succession of steps, leading to the realization of an effective gas-filled photomultiplier.

Published
1997

42. REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS

Author

Zyla, PA, Barnett, RM, Beringer, J, Dahl, O, Dwyer, DA, Groom, DE, Lin, C-J, Lugovsky, KS, Pianori, E, Robinson, DJ, Wohl, CG, Yao, W-M, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Allanach, BC, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Aschenauer, EC, Asner, DM, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Baudis, L, Bauer, CW, Beatty, JJ, Belousov, VI, Bethke, S, Bettini, A, Biebel, O, Black, KM, Blucher, E, Buchmuller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, MA, Cahn, RN, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chivukula, RS, Cowan, G, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, BA, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, HK, Eerola, P, Egede, U, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, VV, Fetscher, W, Fields, BD, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H-J, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, AA, Gonzalez-Garcia, MC, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, AV, Grojean, C, Gruenewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, HE, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, JJ, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Johnson, KF, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, UF, Kenzie, M, Khoze, VA, Klein, SR, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, RV, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lellouch, LP, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, AR, Ligeti, Z, Lippmann, C, Liss, TM, Littenberg, L, Lourenco, C, Lugovsky, SB, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, AV, Marciano, WJ, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U-G, Mikhasenko, M, Miller, DJ, Milstead, D, Mitchell, RE, Moenig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, KA, Patrignani, C, Peacock, JA, Petcov, ST, Petrov, VA, Pich, A, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Profumo, S, Quadt, A, Rabbertz, K, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ramani, H, Ramsey-Musolf, M, Ratcliff, BN, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, LJ, Rosner, JL, Rybka, G, Ryskin, M, Ryutin, RA, Sakai, Y, Salam, GP, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, AJ, Schwiening, J, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, SR, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smoot, GF, Soffer, A, Sozzi, MS, Spanier, S, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, SL, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, MJ, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Tanaka, J, Tasevsky, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thoma, U, Thorne, RS, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, NP, Tovey, DR, Trabelsi, K, Urquijo, P, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vincter, MG, Vogel, P, Vogelsang, W, Vogt, A, Vorobyev, V, Wakely, SP, Walkowiak, W, Walter, CW, Wands, D, Wascko, MO, Weinberg, DH, Weinberg, EJ, White, M, Wiencke, LR, Willocq, S, Woody, CL, Workman, RL, Yokoyama, M, Yoshida, R, Zanderighi, G, Zeller, GP, Zenin, OV, Zhu, R-Y, Zhu, S-L, Zimmermann, F, Anderson, J, Basaglia, T, Lugovsky, VS, Schaffner, P, Zheng, W, Zyla, PA, Barnett, RM, Beringer, J, Dahl, O, Dwyer, DA, Groom, DE, Lin, C-J, Lugovsky, KS, Pianori, E, Robinson, DJ, Wohl, CG, Yao, W-M, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Allanach, BC, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Aschenauer, EC, Asner, DM, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Baudis, L, Bauer, CW, Beatty, JJ, Belousov, VI, Bethke, S, Bettini, A, Biebel, O, Black, KM, Blucher, E, Buchmuller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, MA, Cahn, RN, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chivukula, RS, Cowan, G, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, BA, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, HK, Eerola, P, Egede, U, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, VV, Fetscher, W, Fields, BD, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H-J, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, AA, Gonzalez-Garcia, MC, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, AV, Grojean, C, Gruenewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, HE, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, JJ, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Johnson, KF, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, UF, Kenzie, M, Khoze, VA, Klein, SR, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, RV, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lellouch, LP, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, AR, Ligeti, Z, Lippmann, C, Liss, TM, Littenberg, L, Lourenco, C, Lugovsky, SB, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, AV, Marciano, WJ, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U-G, Mikhasenko, M, Miller, DJ, Milstead, D, Mitchell, RE, Moenig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, KA, Patrignani, C, Peacock, JA, Petcov, ST, Petrov, VA, Pich, A, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Profumo, S, Quadt, A, Rabbertz, K, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ramani, H, Ramsey-Musolf, M, Ratcliff, BN, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, LJ, Rosner, JL, Rybka, G, Ryskin, M, Ryutin, RA, Sakai, Y, Salam, GP, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, AJ, Schwiening, J, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, SR, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smoot, GF, Soffer, A, Sozzi, MS, Spanier, S, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, SL, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, MJ, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Tanaka, J, Tasevsky, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thoma, U, Thorne, RS, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, NP, Tovey, DR, Trabelsi, K, Urquijo, P, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vincter, MG, Vogel, P, Vogelsang, W, Vogt, A, Vorobyev, V, Wakely, SP, Walkowiak, W, Walter, CW, Wands, D, Wascko, MO, Weinberg, DH, Weinberg, EJ, White, M, Wiencke, LR, Willocq, S, Woody, CL, Workman, RL, Yokoyama, M, Yoshida, R, Zanderighi, G, Zeller, GP, Zenin, OV, Zhu, R-Y, Zhu, S-L, Zimmermann, F, Anderson, J, Basaglia, T, Lugovsky, VS, Schaffner, P, and Zheng, W

Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on High Energy Soft QCD and Diffraction and one on the Determination of CKM Angles from B Hadrons. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 98 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 22 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print and as a web version optimized for use on phones as well as an Android app.

Published
2020

43. High rate operation of micro-strip gas chambers

Author

Bouclier, R., Capeans, M., Hoch, M., Million, G., Ropelewski, L., Sauli, F., and Temmel-Ropelewski, T.

Subjects
Gas-detectors -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

We describe the development of micro-strip gas chambers (MSGC) able to withstand the very high rates met in detectors for high luminosity experiments. A light and cheap mechanical assembly suited for mass-production of modules has been implemented. To prevent charging-up processes, affecting gain at high rates, we have tested substrates with surface resistivity in the range [10.sup.14]-[10.sup.15] [Omega]/[male]: stable gains at rates above 106 [mm.sup.-2][s.sup.-1] have been achieved at avalanche sizes of [10.sup.5] using electron-conducting and diamond-coated glass. A systematic search has been undertaken to define the purity levels of gas and materials necessary for long-term operation, with the goal of reaching a collected charge above 100 mC [cm.sup.-1] without degradation. This has been achieved operating in very clean conditions with argon-dimethylether. A dose-rate dependence of the ageing behaviour has been found, alerting on the relevance of measurements realized at too high currents.

Published
1996

45. TPG construction

Author

Ableev, V., Ambrosino, F., Apollonio, M., Bene, P., Blondel, A., Catanesi, M.G., Chiefari, G., Chimenti, P., Favaron, P., Gastaldi, U., Giani, S., Giannini, G., Gschwendtner, E., Legrand, J.-C., Lollo, M., Musso, G., Napolitano, M., de Oliveira, R., Palladino, V., Radicioni, E., Richeux, J.-P., Rigato, M., Ropelewski, L., Roscilli, L., Saracino, G., Sauli, F., and Temnikov, P.

Published
2004
Full Text
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47. TPG development

Author

Ableev, V., Ambrosino, F., Apollonio, M., Bene, P., Blondel, A., Catanesi, M.G., Chiefari, G., Chimenti, P., Favaron, P., Gastaldi, U., Giani, S., Giannini, G., Gschwendtner, E., Legrand, J.-C., Lollo, M., Napolitano, M., de Oliveira, R., Palladino, V., Prior, G., Radicioni, E., Richeux, J.-P., Rigato, M., Ropelewski, L., Roscilli, L., Saracino, G., Sauli, F., and Temnikov, P.

Published
2004
Full Text
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48. Operation of drift chambers with helium based mixtures

Author

Sharma, A. and Sauli, F.

Subjects
Gas-detectors -- Research, Helium -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Helium based gas mixtures have been investigated for lowering multiple scattering contributions to the momentum resolution for intermediate energy particles. The relevant transport parameters, namely drift velocity and diffusion have been calculated for several mixtures and compared to standard argon based mixtures. Some fast, low diffusion mixtures have been identified. The small Lorentz angle computed make them promising candidates for drift chamber operation in magnetic fields. Measurements on high accuracy drift chambers in a test beam with a helium-DME (dimethyl ether) (70-30) mixture have resulted in a spatial resolution ranging from 70 [[micro]meter] to 100 [[micro]meter].

Published
1994

49. Development of microstrip gas chambers on substrata with electronic conductivity

Author

Bouclier, R., Garabatos, C., Manzin, G., Sauli, F., Shekhtman, L., Temmel, T., Della Mea, G., Maggioni, G., Rigato, V., and Logachenko, I.

Subjects
Gas-detectors -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

This paper describes several recent developments on Microstrip Gas Chambers (MSGCs). We have studied the operating behavior of the detectors in different gas mixtures; maximum stable gains have been achieved in mixtures of Argon and dimethyl-ether (DME) in almost equal proportions. Using detectors manufactured on semi-conducting glass substrates, capable of withstanding very high rates (above [10.sup.6][mm.sup.-2][s.sup.-1]), we have demonstrated extended lifetime without gain modifications up to a collected charge of 130 mC [cm.sup.-1] in clean laboratory operating conditions. We have also verified that relaxing the requirements on cleanness conditions, either in the gas mixing system or in the detector construction, may result in fast ageing of the devices under irradiation. As an Alternative to the semi-conducting glass, we have developed a Novel technique to coat regular glass with a thin lead silicate layer having electron conductivity; a new development consisting in coating already manufactured MSGCs with the thin semi-conducting layer is also described. The preliminary results show an excellent rate capability for this kind of devices, intrinsically simpler to manufacture.

Published
1994

50. Review of Particle Physics (RPP2018)

Author

Tanabashi, M., Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., De Florian, D., De Gouvêa, A., Degrand, T., De Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Mönig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pagan Griso, S., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Törnqvist, N. A., Tovey, D. R., Valencia, G., Van De Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Tanabashi, M., Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D.M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R.M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C.W., Beatty, J.J., Belousov, V.I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K.M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M.A., Cahn, R.N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M.-C., Chivukula, R.S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., De Florian, D., De Gouvêa, A., Degrand, T., De Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B.A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H.K., Dwyer, D.A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V.V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B.D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H.-J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A.A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A.V., Grojean, C., Groom, D.E., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H.E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K.G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J.J., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K.D., Johnson, K.F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U.F., Klein, S.R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R.V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu.V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C.-J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T.M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K.S., Lugovsky, S.B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A.V., Marciano, W.J., Martin, A.D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U.-G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R.E., Mönig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K.A., Pagan Griso, S., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J.A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S.T., Petrov, V.A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B.N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L.J., Rosner, J.L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R.A., Sachrajda, C.T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G.P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A.J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S.R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J.G., Smoot, G.F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S.L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M.J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R.S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N.P., Törnqvist, N.A., Tovey, D.R., Valencia, G., Van De Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M.G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S.P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C.W., Wands, D., Ward, D.R., Wascko, M.O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D.H., Weinberg, E.J., White, M., Wiencke, L.R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C.G., Womersley, J., Woody, C.L., Workman, R.L., Yao, W.-M., Zeller, G.P., Zenin, O.V., Zhu, R.-Y., Zhu, S.-L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P.A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V.S., and Schaffner, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, HEP, PDG
Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,873 new measurements from 758 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 118 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Neutrinos in Cosmology.Starting with this edition, the Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and all review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings. Review articles that were previously part of the Listings are now included in volume 1.The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is also available.The 2018 edition of the Review of Particle Physics should be cited as: M. Tanabashi (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 98, 030001 (2018).

Published
2018

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