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1. The Simons Observatory: Design, integration, and testing of the small aperture telescopes

Author

Galitzki, Nicholas, Tsan, Tran, Spisak, Jake, Randall, Michael, Silva-Feaver, Max, Seibert, Joseph, Lashner, Jacob, Adachi, Shunsuke, Adkins, Sean M., Alford, Thomas, Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter C., Austermann, Jason E., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bhimani, Sanah, Bixler, Bryce, Coppi, Gabriele, Corbett, Lance, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Day-Weiss, Samuel, Dicker, Simon, Dow, Peter N., Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Gerras, Remington G., Groh, John C., Gudmundsson, Jon E., Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hubmayr, Johannes, Iuliano, Jeffrey, Johnson, Bradley R., Keating, Brian, Keller, Ben, Kiuchi, Kenji, Kofman, Anna M., Koopman, Brian J., Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., Lew, Richard A., Lin, Lawrence T., Link, Michael J, Lucas, Tammy J., Lungu, Marius, Mangu, Aashrita, McMahon, Jeffrey J, Miller, Amber D., Moore, Jenna E., Morshed, Magdy, Nakata, Hironobu, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura B., Nguyen, David V., Niemack, Michael D., Page, Lyman A., Sakaguri, Kana, Sakurai, Yuki, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren J., Shroyer, Jordan E., Sugiyama, Junna, Tajima, Osamu, Takeuchi, Atsuto, Bua, Refilwe Tanah, Teply, Grant, Terasaki, Tomoki, Ullom, Joel N., Van Lanen, Jeffrey L., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vissers, Michael R, Walters, Liam, Wang, Yuhan, Xu, Zhilei, Yamada, Kyohei, and Zheng, Kaiwen

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) survey experiment that includes small-aperture telescopes (SATs) observing from an altitude of 5,200 m in the Atacama Desert in Chile. The SO SATs will cover six spectral bands between 27 and 280 GHz to search for primordial B-modes to a sensitivity of $\sigma(r)=0.002$, with quantified systematic errors well below this value. Each SAT is a self-contained cryogenic telescope with a 35$^\circ$ field of view, 42 cm diameter optical aperture, 40 K half-wave plate, 1 K refractive optics, and $<0.1$ K focal plane that holds $>12,000$ TES detectors. We describe the nominal design of the SATs and present details about the integration and testing for one operating at 93 and 145 GHz.

Published
2024

2. Single-cell, whole-embryo phenotyping of mammalian developmental disorders

Author

Huang, Xingfan, Henck, Jana, Qiu, Chengxiang, Sreenivasan, Varun KA, Balachandran, Saranya, Amarie, Oana V, Hrabě de Angelis, Martin, Behncke, Rose Yinghan, Chan, Wing-Lee, Despang, Alexandra, Dickel, Diane E, Duran, Madeleine, Feuchtinger, Annette, Fuchs, Helmut, Gailus-Durner, Valerie, Haag, Natja, Hägerling, Rene, Hansmeier, Nils, Hennig, Friederike, Marshall, Cooper, Rajderkar, Sudha, Ringel, Alessa, Robson, Michael, Saunders, Lauren M, da Silva-Buttkus, Patricia, Spielmann, Nadine, Srivatsan, Sanjay R, Ulferts, Sascha, Wittler, Lars, Zhu, Yiwen, Kalscheuer, Vera M, Ibrahim, Daniel M, Kurth, Ingo, Kornak, Uwe, Visel, Axel, Pennacchio, Len A, Beier, David R, Trapnell, Cole, Cao, Junyue, Shendure, Jay, and Spielmann, Malte

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Generic health relevance, Animals, Mice, Cell Nucleus, Developmental Disabilities, Embryo, Mammalian, Gain of Function Mutation, Genotype, Loss of Function Mutation, Models, Genetic, Mutation, Phenotype, Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis, Disease Models, Animal, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Mouse models are a critical tool for studying human diseases, particularly developmental disorders1. However, conventional approaches for phenotyping may fail to detect subtle defects throughout the developing mouse2. Here we set out to establish single-cell RNA sequencing of the whole embryo as a scalable platform for the systematic phenotyping of mouse genetic models. We applied combinatorial indexing-based single-cell RNA sequencing3 to profile 101 embryos of 22 mutant and 4 wild-type genotypes at embryonic day 13.5, altogether profiling more than 1.6 million nuclei. The 22 mutants represent a range of anticipated phenotypic severities, from established multisystem disorders to deletions of individual regulatory regions4,5. We developed and applied several analytical frameworks for detecting differences in composition and/or gene expression across 52 cell types or trajectories. Some mutants exhibit changes in dozens of trajectories whereas others exhibit changes in only a few cell types. We also identify differences between widely used wild-type strains, compare phenotyping of gain- versus loss-of-function mutants and characterize deletions of topological associating domain boundaries. Notably, some changes are shared among mutants, suggesting that developmental pleiotropy might be 'decomposable' through further scaling of this approach. Overall, our findings show how single-cell profiling of whole embryos can enable the systematic molecular and cellular phenotypic characterization of mouse mutants with unprecedented breadth and resolution.

Published
2023

3. Single cell, whole embryo phenotyping of pleiotropic disorders of mammalian development

Author

Henck, Jana, Huang, Xingfan, Qiu, Chengxiang, Sreenivasan, Varun, Ulferts, Sascha, Behncke, Rose, Hansmeier, Nils, Haegerling, Rene, Despang, Alexandra, Ibrahim, Daniel, Ringel, Alessa, Robson, Michael, Wittler, Lars, Kalscheuer, Vera, Kornak, Uwe, Haag, Natja, Kurth, Ingo, Chan, Wing-Lee, Beier, David, Saunders, Lauren, Trapnell, Cole, Dickel, Diane, Visel, Axel, Pennacchio, Len, Cao, Junyue, Shendure, Jay, and Spielmann, Malte

Subjects
Genetics, Clinical Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, Clinical sciences
Published
2023

4. The Simons Observatory: Antenna control software integration and implementation

Author

Saunders, Lauren J., Hasselfield, Matthew, Koopman, Brian J., and Newburgh, Laura

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background survey experiment that consists of three 0.5 m small-aperture telescopes and one 6 m large-aperture telescope, sited at an elevation of 5200 m in the Atacama Desert in Chile. SO will study the polarization and temperature anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The observatory will require well-understood telescope pointing and scanning. Good antenna control will allow us to execute the scan strategy devised to optimize sensitivity to our scientific goals, calibrate the system with celestial targets, and make maps. To achieve this, we integrate the data acquisition and control of the telescopes' Antenna Control Units (ACUs) within the software framework of the SO Observatory Control System (OCS). We present here the current status of the software integration for the ACUs, as well as measurements of the Small Aperture Telescope platforms' responsiveness to software commanding in the factory, plans for in situ measurements, and prospects for implementation on the Large Aperture Telescope., Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, paper 12190-170 for "Proc. SPIE 12190 Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI"

Published
2022

6. Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper

Author

Abazajian, Kevork, Abdulghafour, Arwa, Addison, Graeme E., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Ajello, Marco, Akerib, Daniel, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Amiri, Mandana, Anderson, Adam, Ansarinejad, Behzad, Archipley, Melanie, Arnold, Kam S., Ashby, Matt, Aung, Han, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baker, Carina, Bakshi, Abhishek, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Barton, Paul, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Beall, Jim, Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Belkner, Sebastian, Benabed, Karim, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Besuner, Bobby, Bethermin, Matthieu, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Biquard, Simon, Birdwell, Ian, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bocaz, Paulina, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, Francois R., Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chan, Victor, Chang, Clarence L., Chapman, Scott, Charles, Eric, Chauvin, Eric, Cheng, Cheng, Chesmore, Grace, Cheung, Kolen, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clancy, Justin, Clark, Susan, Cooray, Asantha, Coppi, Gabriele, Corlett, John, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Dai, Wei-Ming, Daley, Cail, Dart, Eli, Daues, Gregorg, de Haan, Tijmen, Deaconu, Cosmin, Delabrouille, Jacques, Derylo, Greg, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dober, Brad, Doriese, Randy, Duff, Shannon, Dutcher, Daniel, Dvorkin, Cora, Dünner, Rolando, Eftekhari, Tarraneh, Eimer, Joseph, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Elleflot, Tucker, Emerson, Nick, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Fanfani, Valentina, Fasano, Alessandro, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frisch, Josef, Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Giannakopoulos, Christos, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Goldfinger, David, Green, Daniel, Grimes, Paul, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Vic, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Gullett, Ian, Guns, Sam, Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Hand, Emma, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Herbst, Ryan, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, J. Colin, Hills, Richard, Hivon, Eric, Hlozek, Renée, Ho, Anna, Holder, Gil, Hollister, Matt, Holzapfel, William, Hood, John, Hotinli, Selim, Hryciuk, Alec, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hui, Howard, nez, Roberto Ibá, Ibitoye, Ayodeji, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jacobus, Cooper, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Joseph, John, Jost, Baptiste, Kang, Jae Hwan, Kaplan, Ari, Karkare, Kirit S., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keskitalo, Reijo, King, Cesiley, Kisner, Theodore, Klein, Matthias, Knox, Lloyd, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Krolewski, Alex, Kubik, Donna, Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lähteenmäki, Anne, Lau, Kenny, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Legrand, Louis, Leitner, Matthaeus, Leloup, Clément, Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Liodakis, Ioannis, Liu, Jia, Long, Kevin, Louis, Thibaut, Loverde, Marilena, Lowry, Lindsay, Lu, Chunyu, Lubin, Phil, Ma, Yin-Zhe, Maccarone, Thomas, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Maldonado, Felipe, Mantz, Adam, Marques, Gabriela, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, May, Jared, McCarrick, Heather, McCracken, Ken, McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Menanteau, Felipe, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Miranda, Vivian, Mitchell, Don, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Monzani, Maria Elena, Moshed, Magdy, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagarajappa, Chandan, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Nerval, Simran, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Hogan, Nichols, Erik, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nord, Brian, Norton, Tim, Novosad, Valentine, O'Brient, Roger, Omori, Yuuki, Orlando, Giorgio, Osherson, Benjamin, Osten, Rachel, Padin, Stephen, Paine, Scott, Partridge, Bruce, Patil, Sanjaykumar, Petravick, Don, Petroff, Matthew, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pilleux, Mauricio, Pogosian, Levon, Prabhu, Karthik, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Raveri, Marco, Reese, Ben, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rizzieri, Arianna, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Rotermund, Kaja, Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John E., Saba, Joe, Sailer, Noah, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Sapozhnikov, Leonid, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin, Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Shiu, Corwin, Simon, Sara M., Singari, Baibhav, Slosar, Anze, Spergel, David, Germaine, Tyler St., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony A., Starkman, Glenn D., Steinbach, Bryan, Stompor, Radek, Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Tandoi, Chris, Teply, Grant P., Thayer, Gregg, Thompson, Keith, Thorne, Ben, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Trendafilova, Cynthia, Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Carole, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Wagoner, Kasey, Wallisch, Benjamin, Wang, Gensheng, Wang, Guo-Jian, Watson, Scott, Watts, Duncan, Weaver, Chris, Wenzl, Lukas, Westbrook, Ben, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wiedlea, Andrew, Williams, Paul, Wilson, Robert, Winch, Harrison, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yefremenko, Volodymyr G., Yu, Cyndia, Zegeye, David, Zivick, Jeff, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1908.01062, arXiv:1907.04473

Published
2022

7. The Simons Observatory Large Aperture Telescope Receiver

Author

Zhu, Ningfeng, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Coppi, Gabriele, Kofman, Anna M., Orlowski-Scherer, John L., Xu, Zhilei, Adachi, Shunsuke, Ade, Peter, Aiola, Simone, Austermann, Jason, Bazarko, Andrew O., Beall, James A., Bhimani, Sanah, Bond, J. Richard, Chesmore, Grace E., Choi, Steve K., Connors, Jake, Cothard, Nicholas F., Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon M., Dünner, Rolando, Fabbian, Giulio, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Golec, Joseph E., Haridas, Saianeesh K., Harrington, Kathleen, Healy, Erin, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Huber, Zachary B., Hubmayr, Johannes, Iuliano, Jeffrey, Johnson, Bradley R., Keatin, Brian, Kiuchi, Kenji, Koopman, Brian J., Lashner, Jack, Lee, Adrian T., Li, Yaqiong, Limon, Michele, Link, Michael, Lucas, Tammy J, McCarrick, Heather, Moore, Jenna, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura B., Niemack, Michael D., Pierpaoli, Elena, Randall, Michael J., Sarmiento, Karen Perez, Saunders, Lauren J., Seibert, Joseph, Sierra, Carlos, Sonka, Rita, Spisak, Jacob, Sutariya, Shreya, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thornton, Robert J., Tsan, Tran, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vissers, Michael R., Walker, Samantha, Westbrook, Benjamin, Wollack, Edward J., and Zannoni, Mario

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) Large Aperture Telescope Receiver (LATR) will be coupled to the Large Aperture Telescope located at an elevation of 5,200 m on Cerro Toco in Chile. The resulting instrument will produce arcminute-resolution millimeter-wave maps of half the sky with unprecedented precision. The LATR is the largest cryogenic millimeter-wave camera built to date with a diameter of 2.4 m and a length of 2.6 m. It cools 1200 kg of material to 4 K and 200 kg to 100 mk, the operating temperature of the bolometric detectors with bands centered around 27, 39, 93, 145, 225, and 280 GHz. Ultimately, the LATR will accommodate 13 40 cm diameter optics tubes, each with three detector wafers and a total of 62,000 detectors. The LATR design must simultaneously maintain the optical alignment of the system, control stray light, provide cryogenic isolation, limit thermal gradients, and minimize the time to cool the system from room temperature to 100 mK. The interplay between these competing factors poses unique challenges. We discuss the trade studies involved with the design, the final optimization, the construction, and ultimate performance of the system.

Published
2021
Full Text
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8. The Simons Observatory: Overview of data acquisition, control, monitoring, and computer infrastructure

Author

Koopman, Brian J., Lashner, Jack, Saunders, Lauren J., Hasselfield, Matthew, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Bhimani, Sanah, Choi, Steve K., Duell, Cody J., Galitzki, Nicholas, Harrington, Kathleen, Hincks, Adam D., Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Newburgh, Laura, Reichardt, Christian L., Seibert, Joseph, Spisak, Jacob, Westbrook, Benjamin, Xu, Zhilei, and Zhu, Ningfeng

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is an upcoming polarized cosmic microwave background (CMB) survey experiment with three small-aperture telescopes and one large-aperture telescope that will observe from the Atacama Desert in Chile. In total, SO will field over 60,000 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers in six spectral bands centered between 27 and 280 GHz to achieve the sensitivity necessary to measure or constrain numerous cosmological parameters, including the tensor-to-scalar ratio, effective number of relativistic species, and sum of the neutrino masses. The SO scientific goals require coordination and control of the hardware distributed among the four telescopes on site. To meet this need, we have designed and built an open-sourced platform for distributed system management, called the Observatory Control System (ocs). This control system interfaces with all subsystems including the telescope control units, the microwave multiplexing readout electronics, and the cryogenic thermometry. We have also developed a system for live monitoring of housekeeping data and alerting, both of which are critical for remote observation. We take advantage of existing open source projects, such as crossbar for RPC and PubSub, twisted for asynchronous events, grafana for online remote monitoring, and docker for containerization. We provide an overview of the SO software and computer infrastructure, including the integration of SO-developed code with open source resources and lessons learned while testing at SO labs developing hardware systems as we prepare for deployment., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures

Published
2020
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9. The Simons Observatory: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper

Author

The Simons Observatory Collaboration, Abitbol, Maximilian H., Adachi, Shunsuke, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Lizancos, Anton Baleato, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Carl, Fred. M, Cayuso, Juan, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clark, Susan, Clarke, Philip, Contaldi, Carlo, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, Will, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Fergusson, James, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hensley, Brandon, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong D., Hoh, Jonathan, Hotinli, Selim C., Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Matthew, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Kofman, Anna, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, LaPlante, Phil, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Liu, Jia, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McCarrick, Heather, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Mertens, James, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Moore, Jenna, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Murata, Masaaki, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Mike, Nishino, Haruki, Nishinomiya, Yume, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Pagano, Luca, Partridge, Bruce, Perrotta, Francesca, Phakathi, Phumlani, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Rotti, Aditya, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Shellard, Paul, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sifon, Cristobal, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Smith, Kendrick, Sohn, Wuhyun, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David, Spisak, Jacob, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Wang, Yuhan, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Young, Edward, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zannoni, Mario, Zhang, Hezi, Zheng, Kaiwen, Zhu, Ningfeng, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile that promises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Supported by the Simons Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, and with contributions from collaborating institutions, SO will see first light in 2021 and start a five year survey in 2022. SO has 287 collaborators from 12 countries and 53 institutions, including 85 students and 90 postdocs. The SO experiment in its currently funded form ('SO-Nominal') consists of three 0.4 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT). Optimized for minimizing systematic errors in polarization measurements at large angular scales, the SATs will perform a deep, degree-scale survey of 10% of the sky to search for the signature of primordial gravitational waves. The LAT will survey 40% of the sky with arc-minute resolution. These observations will measure (or limit) the sum of neutrino masses, search for light relics, measure the early behavior of Dark Energy, and refine our understanding of the intergalactic medium, clusters and the role of feedback in galaxy formation. With up to ten times the sensitivity and five times the angular resolution of the Planck satellite, and roughly an order of magnitude increase in mapping speed over currently operating ("Stage 3") experiments, SO will measure the CMB temperature and polarization fluctuations to exquisite precision in six frequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. SO will rapidly advance CMB science while informing the design of future observatories such as CMB-S4., Comment: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1808.07445

Published
2019

10. Thyroid hormone receptors mediate two distinct mechanisms of long-wavelength vision.

Author

Volkov, Leo, Kim-Han, Jeong, Saunders, Lauren, Poria, Deepak, Hughes, Andrew, Kefalov, Vladimir, Parichy, David, and Corbo, Joseph

Subjects
cone photoreceptors, retinal development, thyroid hormone, vitamin A2, zebrafish, Animals, Color Vision, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Gene Deletion, Gene Expression Regulation, Opsins, Receptors, Thyroid Hormone, Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells, Ultraviolet Rays, Visual Perception, Zebrafish, Zebrafish Proteins
Abstract

Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling plays an important role in the regulation of long-wavelength vision in vertebrates. In the retina, thyroid hormone receptor β (thrb) is required for expression of long-wavelength-sensitive opsin (lws) in red cone photoreceptors, while in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), TH regulates expression of a cytochrome P450 enzyme, cyp27c1, that converts vitamin A1 into vitamin A2 to produce a red-shifted chromophore. To better understand how TH controls these processes, we analyzed the phenotype of zebrafish with mutations in the three known TH nuclear receptor transcription factors (thraa, thrab, and thrb). We found that no single TH nuclear receptor is required for TH-mediated induction of cyp27c1 but that deletion of all three (thraa-/-;thrab-/-;thrb-/- ) completely abrogates its induction and the resulting conversion of A1- to A2-based retinoids. In the retina, loss of thrb resulted in an absence of red cones at both larval and adult stages without disruption of the underlying cone mosaic. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed significant down-regulation of only five genes in adult thrb-/- retina, of which three (lws1, lws2, and miR-726) occur in a single syntenic cluster. In the thrb-/- retina, retinal progenitors destined to become red cones were transfated into ultraviolet (UV) cones and horizontal cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate cooperative regulation of cyp27c1 by TH receptors and a requirement for thrb in red cone fate determination. Thus, TH signaling coordinately regulates both spectral sensitivity and sensory plasticity.

Published
2020

11. Optical Characterization of the SPT-3G Focal Plane

Author

Pan, Zhaodi, Ade, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Adam, Anderson, Austermann, Jason, Avva, Jessica, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Amy, Bender, Benson, Bradford, Carlstrom, John, Carter, Faustin, Cecil, Thomas, Chang, Clarence, Cliche, Jean-Francois, Cukierman, Ariel, Denison, Edward, de Haan, Tijmen, Ding, Junjia, Dobbs, Matt, Dutcher, Daniel, Everett, Wendeline, Foster, Allen, Gannon, Renae, Gilbert, Adam, Groh, John, Halverson, Nils, Harke-Horsemann, Angelina, Harrington, Nicholas, Henning, Jaosn, Hilton, Gene, Holzapfel, William, Huang, Nicholas, Irwin, Kent, Jeong, Oliver, Jonas, Michalle, Khaire, Trupti, Kofman, Anna, Korman, Milo, Kubik, Donna, Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chaolin, Lee, Adrian, Lowitz, Amy, Meyer, Stephan, Michalik, Daniel, Montgomery, Joshua, Nadolski, Andrew, Natoli, Tyler, Nguyen, Hogan, Noble, Gavin, Novosad, Valentyn, Padin, Stephan, Pearson, John, Posada, Chrystian, Rahlin, Alexandra, Ruhl, John, Saunders, Lauren, Sayre, James, Shirley, Ian, Shirokoff, Erik, Smecher, Graeme, Sobrin, Joshua, Stark, Antony, Story, Kyle, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tang, Qingyang, Thompson, Keith, Tucker, Carole, Vale, Leila, Vanderlinde, Keith, Vieira, Joaquin, Wang, Gensheng, Whitehorn, Nathan, Yefremenko, Volodymyr, Yoon, Ki Won, and Young, Matt

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The third-generation South Pole Telescope camera is designed to measure the cosmic microwave background across three frequency bands (95, 150 and 220 GHz) with ~16,000 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers. Each multichroic pixel on a detector wafer has a broadband sinuous antenna that couples power to six TESs, one for each of the three observing bands and both polarization directions, via lumped element filters. Ten detector wafers populate the focal plane, which is coupled to the sky via a large-aperture optical system. Here we present the frequency band characterization with Fourier transform spectroscopy, measurements of optical time constants, beam properties, and optical and polarization efficiencies of the focal plane. The detectors have frequency bands consistent with our simulations, and have high average optical efficiency which is 86%, 77% and 66% for the 95, 150 and 220 GHz detectors. The time constants of the detectors are mostly between 0.5 ms and 5 ms. The beam is round with the correct size, and the polarization efficiency is more than 90% for most of the bolometers, Comment: Conference proceeding for Low Temperature Detectors 2017

Published
2018
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13. Overcoming Digital Exclusion during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact of Mobile Technology for Survivors of Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking – A Mixed Method Study of Survivors and Support Service Provider Views

Author

Malpass, Alice, Garbers, Kate, Saunders, Lauren, Horwood, Jeremy, McLeod, Hugh, Anderson, Eric, and Farr, Michelle

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis collaborative, qualitative study aimed to understand the impact that smartphone technology can have for survivors of human trafficking and slavery in relation to their mental health, well-being and social connections, access to services and levels of independence and isolation. The pilot project was conceived shortly before the COVID-19 pandemic by anti-slavery charity Unseen and the telecommunications company BT, in recognition of the potential of smartphone technology to enhance survivors’ recovery from trauma. BT donated smartphones and SIM cards with 6-month call and data packages that Unseen distributed to survivors they were supporting. Seventy-four survivors received a smartphone; 27 survivors were interviewed and 12 Unseen staff completed a free-text survey exploring perceptions of the intervention. A well-being capability measure (ICECAP-A) was conducted with survivors at the start and end of the project. Researchers analyzed all data, triangulating across data sources. Analysis showed support staff play a key role in the success of the intervention to increase digital inclusion. Smartphones helped survivors develop skills to assist them in their move toward independent living and navigate the systems and services in their environment. The intervention was highly valuable to survivors for support, integration and access to services.Our findings suggest that suitable technology packages should be assessed for inclusion as standard support for survivors of modern slavery within the UK Government’s National Referral Mechanism (NRM). Achieving this change in NRM policy will go some way to realize the United Nations 2030 Agenda, specifically SDG 3 (Good health and wellbeing for all at all ages), SDG 8 (Decent Work-inclusive and sustained economic growth) and SDG 16 (Peace, justice and strong institutions-inclusive societies and access to justice for all).

Published
2024
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17. Executive Function and Temperamental Fear Concurrently Predict Deception in School-Aged Children

Author

Babkirk, Sarah, Saunders, Lauren V., and Solomon, Beylul

Abstract

The decision to intentionally withhold truthful information, or deception, is a key component of moral development and may be a precursor to more serious anti-social tendencies. Two factors, executive function (EF) and temperamental fear are each thought to influence childhood deception. Few studies, however, have explored deception in relation to both of these factors simultaneously. This was the goal of the present study. EF, as measured by a working memory (WM) task, and temperamental fear, as measured via maternal report were assessed in relation to observed deceptive behavior among six- to nine-year-old children (N = 43). Results showed that children displaying high WM capacity and high temperamental fear were more likely to exhibit deceptive behavior. Implications for predictors of childhood deception and applications for moral education are discussed.

Published
2015
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18. Implementation of Response to Intervention: A Snapshot of Progress

Author

Berkeley, Sheri, Bender, William N., Peaster, Lindsay Gregg, and Saunders, Lauren

Abstract

This article provides a snapshot of how all 50 states are progressing with the development and implementation of response-to-intervention (RtI) models 1 year after the final regulations for the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act were passed. Data were collected through a review of existing state department of education Web sites and conversations with representatives in each state department of education. Information related to RtI model type, implementation status, professional development, criteria for eligibility, and specific features of individual state RtI models are presented. Findings indicate that most states are in some phase of RtI development, although approaches vary widely throughout the country. Implications for research and practice are discussed. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.)

Published
2009
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23. Bird population changes in a Hamilton County, Ohio, forest (1)

Author

Saunders, Lauren P., Saunders, Charles W., Styer, David, and Pelikan, Stephan

Subjects
West Nile fever -- Identification and classification -- Research, Bird populations -- Distribution -- Observations -- Forecasts and trends -- Diseases -- Research, Education, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology, Market trend/market analysis, Company distribution practices, Identification and classification, Distribution, Observations, Diseases, Research, Forecasts and trends
Abstract

ABSTRACT. We monitored breeding bird populations in a woodland plot in Hamilton County, OH. By comparing historical data (1991-1998) with 2003 populations, we observed a decrease in the populations of [...]

Published
2005

35. Risk factors for neurosurgical site infection after neurosurgery in Rennes, France: Comparison of logistic and Cox models.

Author

Buffet-Bataillon, Sylvie, Saunders, Lauren, Campillo-Gimenez, Boris, and Haegelen, Claire

Abstract

The logistic model is widely used to assess the risk factors for surgical site infections (SSIs). An alternative to the logistic model is the Cox model. The objective of this study was to compare these 2 models to identify the risk factors of SSIs in neurosurgery. The Cox model is a valid alternative for assessing the risk factors of SSIs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2013
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36. The Simons Observatory: overview of data acquisition, control, monitoring, and computer infrastructure

Author

Guzman, Juan C., Ibsen, Jorge, Koopman, Brian J., Lashner, Jack, Saunders, Lauren J., Hasselfield, Matthew, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Bhimani, Sanah, Choi, Steve K., Duell, Cody J., Galitzki, Nicholas, Harrington, Kathleen, Hincks, Adam D., Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Newburgh, Laura, Reichardt, Christian L., Seibert, Joseph, Spisak, Jacob, Westbrook, Benjamin, Xu, Zhilei, and Zhu, Ningfeng

Published
2020
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37. Inferring Causal Gene Regulatory Networks from Coupled Single-Cell Expression Dynamics Using Scribe

Author

Qiu, Xiaojie, Rahimzamani, Arman, Wang, Li, Ren, Bingcheng, Mao, Qi, Durham, Timothy, McFaline-Figueroa, José L., Saunders, Lauren, Trapnell, Cole, and Kannan, Sreeram

Abstract

Here, we present Scribe (https://github.com/aristoteleo/Scribe-py), a toolkit for detecting and visualizing causal regulatory interactions between genes and explore the potential for single-cell experiments to power network reconstruction. Scribe employs restricted directed information to determine causality by estimating the strength of information transferred from a potential regulator to its downstream target. We apply Scribe and other leading approaches for causal network reconstruction to several types of single-cell measurements and show that there is a dramatic drop in performance for “pseudotime”-ordered single-cell data compared with true time-series data. We demonstrate that performing causal inference requires temporal coupling between measurements. We show that methods such as “RNA velocity” restore some degree of coupling through an analysis of chromaffin cell fate commitment. These analyses highlight a shortcoming in experimental and computational methods for analyzing gene regulation at single-cell resolution and suggest ways of overcoming it.

Published
2020
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38. Wastewater surveillance for bacterial targets: current challenges and future goals.

Author

Philo, Sarah E., De León, Kara B., Noble, Rachel T., Zhou, Nicolette A., Alghafri, Rashed, Bar-Or, Itay, Darling, Amanda, D'Souza, Nishita, Hachimi, Oumaima, Kaya, Devrim, Sooyeol Kim, Kuhn, Katrin Gaardbo, Layton, Blythe A., Mansfeldt, Cresten, Oceguera, Bethany, Radniecki, Tyler S., Ram, Jeffrey L., Saunders, Lauren P., Shrestha, Abhilasha, and Stadler, Lauren B.

Subjects
*SEWAGE, *COVID-19 pandemic, *EVIDENCE gaps, *DISEASE incidence, *DISEASE prevalence
Abstract

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) expanded rapidly in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As the public health emergency has ended, researchers and practitioners are looking to shift the focus of existing wastewater surveillance programs to other targets, including bacteria. Bacterial targets may pose some unique challenges for WBE applications. To explore the current state of the field, the National Science Foundation-funded Research Coordination Network (RCN) on Wastewater Based Epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Public Health Threats held a workshop in April 2023 to discuss the challenges and needs for wastewater bacterial surveillance. The targets and methods used in existing programs were diverse, with twelve different targets and nine different methods listed. Discussions during the workshop highlighted the challenges in adapting existing programs and identified research gaps in four key areas: choosing new targets, relating bacterial wastewater data to human disease incidence and prevalence, developing methods, and normalizing results. To help with these challenges and research gaps, the authors identified steps the larger community can take to improve bacteria wastewater surveillance. This includes developing data reporting standards and method optimization and validation for bacterial programs. Additionally, more work is needed to understand shedding patterns for potential bacterial targets to better relate wastewater data to human infections. Wastewater surveillance for bacteria can help provide insight into the underlying prevalence in communities, but much work is needed to establish these methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. A myosin V inhibitor based on privileged chemical scaffolds.

Author

Islam K, Chin HF, Olivares AO, Saunders LP, De La Cruz EM, and Kapoor TM

Subjects
Animals, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Humans, Indoles chemistry, Indoles pharmacology, Kinetics, Mice, Myosin Type V metabolism, Oxindoles, Pyrazoles chemistry, Pyrazoles pharmacology, Pyridines chemistry, Pyridines pharmacology, Pyrimidines chemistry, Pyrimidines pharmacology, Pyrroles chemistry, Pyrroles pharmacology, Structure-Activity Relationship, Enzyme Inhibitors chemistry, Myosin Type V antagonists & inhibitors
Published
2010
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