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126 results on '"Savage, Heather M."'

1. Earthquake slip surfaces identified by biomarker thermal maturity within the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake fault zone.

Author

Rabinowitz, Hannah S, Savage, Heather M, Polissar, Pratigya J, Rowe, Christie D, and Kirkpatrick, James D

Abstract

Extreme slip at shallow depths on subduction zone faults is a primary contributor to tsunami generation by earthquakes. Improving earthquake and tsunami risk assessment requires understanding the material and structural conditions that favor earthquake propagation to the trench. We use new biomarker thermal maturity indicators to identify seismic faults in drill core recovered from the Japan Trench subduction zone, which hosted 50 m of shallow slip during the Mw9.1 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Our results show that multiple faults have hosted earthquakes with displacement ≥ 10 m, and each could have hosted many great earthquakes, illustrating an extensive history of great earthquake seismicity that caused large shallow slip. We find that lithologic contrasts in frictional properties do not necessarily determine the likelihood of large shallow slip or seismic hazard.

Published
2020

3. Scientific Exploration of Induced SeisMicity and Stress (SEISMS)

Author

Savage, Heather M, Kirkpatrick, James D, Mori, James J, Brodsky, Emily E, Ellsworth, William L, Carpenter, Brett M, Chen, Xiaowei, Cappa, Frédéric, and Kano, Yasuyuki

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics, Geochemistry & Geophysics, Earth sciences
Abstract

Several major fault-drilling projects have captured the interseismic and postseismic periods of earthquakes. However, near-field observations of faults immediately before and during an earthquake remain elusive due to the unpredictable nature of seismicity. The Scientific Exploration of Induced SeisMicity and Stress (SEISMS) workshop met in March 2017 to discuss the value of a drilling experiment where a fault is instrumented in advance of an earthquake induced through controlled fluid injection. The workshop participants articulated three key issues that could most effectively be addressed by such an experiment: (1) predictive understanding of the propensity for seismicity in reaction to human forcing, (2) identification of earthquake nucleation processes, and (3) constraints on the factors controlling earthquake size. A systematic review of previous injection experiments exposed important observational gaps in all of these areas. The participants discussed the instrumentation and technological needs as well as faults and tectonic areas that are feasible from both a societal and scientific standpoint.

Published
2017

7. Seafloor overthrusting causes ductile fault deformation and fault sealing along the Northern Hikurangi Margin

Author

Morgan, Julia K., primary, Solomon, Evan A., additional, Fagereng, Ake, additional, Savage, Heather M., additional, Wang, Maomao, additional, Meneghini, Francesca, additional, Barnes, Philip M., additional, Bell, Rebecca E., additional, French, Melodie E., additional, Bangs, Nathan L., additional, Kitajima, Hiroko, additional, Saffer, Demian M., additional, and Wallace, Laura M., additional

Published
2022
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17. Asymmetric Brittle Deformation at the Pāpaku Fault, Hikurangi Subduction Margin, NZ, IODP Expedition 375

Author

Savage, Heather M., primary, Shreedharan, Srisharan, additional, Fagereng, Åke, additional, Morgan, Julia K., additional, Meneghini, Francesca, additional, Wang, Maomao, additional, McNamara, David D., additional, Wallace, Laura M., additional, Saffer, Demian M., additional, Barnes, Philip M., additional, Petronotis, Katerina E., additional, and LeVay, Leah J., additional

Published
2021
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21. Slow slip source characterized by lithological and geometric heterogeneity

Author

Barnes, Philip M., Wallace, Laura M., Saffer, Demian M., Bell, Rebecca E., Underwood, Michael B., Fagereng, Ake, Meneghini, Francesca, Savage, Heather M., Rabinowitz, Hannah S., Morgan, Julia K., Kitajima, Hiroko, Kutterolf, Steffen, Hashimoto, Yoshitaka, Engelmann de Oliveira, Christie H., Noda, Atsushi, Crundwell, Martin P., Shepherd, Claire L., Woodhouse, Adam D., Harris, Robert N., Wang, Maomao, Henrys, Stuart, Barker, Daniel H. N., Petronotis, Katerina E., Bourlange, Sylvain M., Clennell, Michael B., Cook, Ann E., Dugan, Brandon E., Elger, Judith, Fulton, Patrick M., Gamboa, Davide, Greve, Annika, Han, Shuoshuo, Huepers, Andre, Ikari, Matt J., Ito, Yoshihiro, Kim, Gil Young, Koge, Hiroaki, Lee, Hikweon, Li, Xuesen, Luo, Min, Malie, Pierre R., Moore, Gregory F., Mountjoy, Joshu J., McNamara, David D., Paganoni, Matteo, Screaton, Elizabeth J., Shankar, Uma, Shreedharan, Srisharan, Solomon, Evan A., Wang, Xiujuan, and non-UU output of UU-AW members

Abstract

Slow slip events (SSEs) accommodate a significant proportion of tectonic plate motion at subduction zones, yet little is known about the faults that actually host them. The shallow depth (

Published
2020

22. Slow slip source characterized by lithological and geometric heterogeneity

Author

non-UU output of UU-AW members, Barnes, Philip M., Wallace, Laura M., Saffer, Demian M., Bell, Rebecca E., Underwood, Michael B., Fagereng, Ake, Meneghini, Francesca, Savage, Heather M., Rabinowitz, Hannah S., Morgan, Julia K., Kitajima, Hiroko, Kutterolf, Steffen, Hashimoto, Yoshitaka, Engelmann de Oliveira, Christie H., Noda, Atsushi, Crundwell, Martin P., Shepherd, Claire L., Woodhouse, Adam D., Harris, Robert N., Wang, Maomao, Henrys, Stuart, Barker, Daniel H. N., Petronotis, Katerina E., Bourlange, Sylvain M., Clennell, Michael B., Cook, Ann E., Dugan, Brandon E., Elger, Judith, Fulton, Patrick M., Gamboa, Davide, Greve, Annika, Han, Shuoshuo, Huepers, Andre, Ikari, Matt J., Ito, Yoshihiro, Kim, Gil Young, Koge, Hiroaki, Lee, Hikweon, Li, Xuesen, Luo, Min, Malie, Pierre R., Moore, Gregory F., Mountjoy, Joshu J., McNamara, David D., Paganoni, Matteo, Screaton, Elizabeth J., Shankar, Uma, Shreedharan, Srisharan, Solomon, Evan A., Wang, Xiujuan, non-UU output of UU-AW members, Barnes, Philip M., Wallace, Laura M., Saffer, Demian M., Bell, Rebecca E., Underwood, Michael B., Fagereng, Ake, Meneghini, Francesca, Savage, Heather M., Rabinowitz, Hannah S., Morgan, Julia K., Kitajima, Hiroko, Kutterolf, Steffen, Hashimoto, Yoshitaka, Engelmann de Oliveira, Christie H., Noda, Atsushi, Crundwell, Martin P., Shepherd, Claire L., Woodhouse, Adam D., Harris, Robert N., Wang, Maomao, Henrys, Stuart, Barker, Daniel H. N., Petronotis, Katerina E., Bourlange, Sylvain M., Clennell, Michael B., Cook, Ann E., Dugan, Brandon E., Elger, Judith, Fulton, Patrick M., Gamboa, Davide, Greve, Annika, Han, Shuoshuo, Huepers, Andre, Ikari, Matt J., Ito, Yoshihiro, Kim, Gil Young, Koge, Hiroaki, Lee, Hikweon, Li, Xuesen, Luo, Min, Malie, Pierre R., Moore, Gregory F., Mountjoy, Joshu J., McNamara, David D., Paganoni, Matteo, Screaton, Elizabeth J., Shankar, Uma, Shreedharan, Srisharan, Solomon, Evan A., and Wang, Xiujuan

Published
2020

25. The State of Stress on the Fault Before, During, and After a Major Earthquake

Author

Brodsky, Emily E., primary, Mori, James J., additional, Anderson, Louise, additional, Chester, Frederick M., additional, Conin, Marianne, additional, Dunham, Eric M., additional, Eguchi, Nobu, additional, Fulton, Patrick M., additional, Hino, Ryota, additional, Hirose, Takehiro, additional, Ikari, Matt J., additional, Ishikawa, Tsuyoshi, additional, Jeppson, Tamara, additional, Kano, Yasuyuki, additional, Kirkpatrick, James, additional, Kodaira, Shuichi, additional, Lin, Weiren, additional, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, additional, Rabinowitz, Hannah S., additional, Regalla, Christine, additional, Remitti, Francesca, additional, Rowe, Christie, additional, Saffer, Demian M., additional, Saito, Saneatsu, additional, Sample, James, additional, Sanada, Yoshinori, additional, Savage, Heather M., additional, Sun, Tianhaozhe, additional, Toczko, Sean, additional, Ujiie, Kohtaro, additional, Wolfson-Schwehr, Monica, additional, and Yang, Tao, additional

Published
2020
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31. Structural analysis of compactive deformation in the incoming sedimentary section of the Hikurangi Subduction Margin, New Zealand: results from IODP 375 expedition

Author

Wang, Maomao, primary, Barnes, Philip, additional, Morgan, Julia, additional, Bell, Rebecca E, additional, Fagereng, Ake, additional, Savage, Heather M, additional, Saffer, Demian M, additional, Wallace, Laura M, additional, Petronotis, Katerina E, additional, and Scientists, Shipboard, additional

Published
2019
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48. Potentially induced earthquakes in Oklahoma, USA: Links between wastewater injection and the 2011 Mw 5.7 earthquake sequence.

Author

Keranen, Katie M., Savage, Heather M., Abers, Geoffrey A., and Cochran, Elizabeth S.

Subjects
*SEISMOLOGICAL research, *EARTHQUAKE damage, *EARTHQUAKE aftershocks, *GEOLOGIC faults
Abstract

Significant earthquakes are increasingly occurring within the continental interior of the United States, including five of moment magnitude (Mw) ≥5.0 in 2011 alone. Concurrently, the volume of fluid injected into the subsurface related to the production of unconventional resources continues to rise. Here we identify the largest earthquake potentially related to injection, an Mw 5.7 earthquake in November 2011 in Oklahoma. The earthquake was felt in at least 17 states and caused damage in the epicentral region. It occurred in a sequence, with 2 earthquakes of Mw 5.0 and a prolific sequence of aftershocks. We use the aftershocks to illuminate the faults that ruptured in the sequence, and show that the tip of the initial rupture plane is within ~200 m of active injection wells and within ~1 km of the surface; 30% of early aftershocks occur within the sedimentary section. Subsurface data indicate that fluid was injected into effectively sealed compartments, and we interpret that a net fluid volume increase after 18 yr of injection lowered effective stress on reservoir-bounding faults. Significantly, this case indicates that decades-long lags between the commencement of fluid injection and the onset of induced earthquakes are possible, and modifies our common criteria for fluid-induced events. The progressive rupture of three fault planes in this sequence suggests that stress changes from the initial rupture triggered the successive earthquakes, including one larger than the first. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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49. Observations of Laboratory and Natural Slow Slip Events: Hikurangi Subduction Zone, New Zealand

Author

Ikari, Matt J., Wallace, Laura M., Rabinowitz, Hannah S., Savage, Heather M., Hamling, Ian J., and Kopf, Achim J.

Subjects
13. Climate action
Abstract

Slow slip events (SSEs) are recognized as an important component of plate boundary fault slip, and there is a need for laboratory friction data on natural samples to guide comparisons with natural SSEs. Here, we compile a comprehensive catalog of SSEs observed geodetically at the Hikurangi subduction zone offshore northern New Zealand, and compare it with results of laboratory friction experiments that produce laboratory SSEs under plate tectonic driving rates (5 cm/yr). We use samples from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1124 seaward of the Hikurangi subduction zone to represent the plate boundary that hosts shallow SSEs at Hikurangi. We find that laboratory SSEs exhibit a similar displacement record and range of stress drops as the natural SSEs. Results of velocity step tests, which can be used to evaluate frictional instability based on the critical stiffness criterion, indicate that the slow slip activity at Hikurangi is a form of stably-accelerating slip. Our laboratory SSEs provide an alternative method of quantifying (in)stability by direct measurement of the unloading stiffness during the stress drop. The observed dependence of laboratory SSE parameters on effective normal stress is consistent with critical stiffness theory; however, depth-increasing projections based on laboratory data do not match observations from natural SSEs. These differences are likely related to changing temperature and fault rock composition downdip but also complications related to scaling and/or limited sampling. Scientific drilling recently undertaken at the Hikurangi subduction zone should serve to improve and guide future studies of the role of frictional properties for the occurrence of SSEs.

50. Seismology: Taking it slow.

Author

Savage, Heather M.

Subjects
*SENDAI Earthquake, Japan, 2011, *GEOLOGIC faults, *ROCKS, *EARTHQUAKES, *EARTHQUAKE zones
Abstract

The author discusses geological aspects of sheared fault rocks, citing reference to the Tohoku-oki earthquake of 2011 in Japan, as of November 2015. He states that the relationship between slow slip and earthquakes has not been clearly explained yet, and mentions the assumption regarding existence of velocity-weakening material in seismogenic zones. He highlights findings of a study on the Tohoku-oki earthquake by M. J. Ikari, and cites that slow slip of rocks exists in places like Alaska.

Published
2015
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