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1. Status of the 16 T Dipole Development Program for a Future Hadron Collider

Author

Tommasini, Davide, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, Bordini, Bernardo, Bottura, Luca, Brower, Lucas, Buzio, Marco, Caiffi, Barbara, Caspi, Shlomo, Dhalle, Marc, Durante, Maria, deRijk, Gijs, Arbelaez, Diego, Fabbricatore, Pasquale, Farinon, Stefania, Ferracin, Paolo, Gao, Peng, Gourlay, Steve, Juchno, Mariusz, Kashikhin, Vadim, Lackner, Friedrich, Lorin, Clement, Marchevsky, Maxim, Auchmann, Bernhard, Marinozzi, Vittorio, Martinez, Teresa, Munilla, Javier, Novitski, Igor, Ogitsu, Toru, Ortwein, Rafal, Perez, Juan Carlos, Petrone, Carlo, Prestemon, Soren, Prioli, Marco, Bajas, Hugues, Rifflet, Jean-Michel, Rochepault, Etienne, Russenschuck, Stephan, Salmi, Tiina, Savary, Frederic, Schoerling, Daniel, Segreti, Michel, Senatore, Carmine, Sorbi, Massimo, Stenvall, Antti, Bajko, Marta, Todesco, Ezio, Toral, Fernando, Verweij, Arjan P, Wessel, Sander, Wolf, Felix, Zlobin, Alexander V, Ballarino, Amalia, Barzi, Emanuela, Bellomo, Giovanni, and Benedikt, Michael

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, Future circular collider, superconducting, Nb3Sn, T, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Engineering, General Physics, Electrical engineering, Condensed matter physics
Abstract

A next step of energy increase of hadron colliders beyond the LHC requires high-field superconducting magnets capable of providing a dipolar field in the range of 16 T in a 50-mm aperture with accelerator quality. These characteristics could meet the requirements for an upgrade of the LHC to twice the present beam energy or for a 100-TeV center of mass energy future circular collider. This paper summarizes the activities and plans for the development of these magnets, in particular within the 16 T Magnet Technology Program, the WP5 of the EuroCirCol, and the U.S. Magnet Development Program.

Published
2018

2. Progress on HL-LHC Nb3Sn Magnets

Author

Todesco, Ezio, Annarella, M, Ambrosio, Giorgio, Apollinari, Giorgio, Ballarino, Amalia, Bajas, H, Bajko, Marta, Bordini, Bernardo, Bossert, R, Bottura, Luca, Cavanna, E, Cheng, D, Chlachidze, G, De Rijk, Gijs, DiMarco, J, Ferracin, Paolo, Fleiter, Jerome, Guinchard, M, Hafalia, A, Holik, E, Bermudez, S Izquierdo, Lackner, F, Marchevsky, M, Loeffler, C, Nobrega, A, Perez, Juan Carlos, Prestemon, Soren, Ravaioli, E, Rossi, Lucio, Sabbi, GianLuca, Salmi, T, Savary, Frederic, Schmalzle, J, Stoynev, S, Strauss, T, Tartaglia, M, Vallone, Giorgio, Velev, Gueorgui, Wanderer, Peter, Wang, X, Willering, Gerard, and Yu, M

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Superconducting magnets, niobium-tin, type II superconductors, superconducting coils, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Engineering, General Physics, Electrical engineering, Condensed matter physics
Abstract

The high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project aims at allowing to increase the collisions in the LHC by a factor of ten in the decade 2025-2035. One essential element is the superconducting magnet around the interaction region points, where the large aperture magnets will be installed to allow to further reduce the beam size in the interaction point. The core of this upgrade is the Nb3Sn triplet, made up of 150-mm aperture quadrupoles in the range of 7-8 m. The project is being shared between the European Organization for Nuclear Research and the US Accelerator Upgrade Program, based on the same design, and on the two strand technologies. The project is ending the short model phase, and entering the prototype construction. We will report on the main results of the short model program, including the quench performance and field quality. A second important element is the 11 T dipole that replaces a standard dipole making space for additional collimators. The magnet is also ending the model development and entering the prototype phase. A critical point in the design of this magnet is the large current density, allowing increase of the field from 8 to 11 T with the same coil cross section as in the LHC dipoles. This is also the first two-in-one Nb3Sn magnet developed so far. We will report the main results on the test and the critical aspects.

Published
2018

3. A Combined Testing and Modelling Methodology for the Mechanics of High-Field Superconducting Magnets

Author

Bertarelli, Alessandro, Guinchard, Michael, Holko, Michal, Lackner, Friedrich, Masci, Marco, de Frutos, Oscar Sacristan, Savary, Frederic, and Wolf, Felix

Abstract

The use of superconducting composite cables based on Nb3Sn, an intermetallic compound of Niobium and Tin, is one of the favorite routes to reach magnetic fields higher than 10 T in state-of-the-art accelerator magnets. The brittle and nonlinear nature of the epoxy-impregnated Nb3Sn Rutherford cable makes challenging to predict its mechanical limits and, consequently, the overall performance of the magnet. In the case of collared magnet structures, peak stresses in coils are usually reached during the collaring procedure performed at room temperature. Hence, it is essential to extensively study stress distribution within the superconducting coils and at their interfaces with other components during this phase. In this context, a combined experimental/numerical methodology was developed at CERN to investigate the effects of the assembling process and geometrical imperfections on the mechanical response of the collared coil of the 11 T HL-LHC dipole. The results of the experimental tests were benchmarked against 3-D non-linear finite element models, using material constitutive laws that mimicked the non-linear responses of the Nb3Sn cable, and embedding geometrical imperfections as measured on the tested components. The proposed methodology, used in the early stages of superconducting magnets development, may help to identify limitations in the mechanical design, and understand the impact of geometrical imperfections and tolerances on stress distribution in the magnet structures.

Published
2024
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4. Nb3Sn 11 T Dipole for the High Luminosity LHC (CERN)

Author

Bordini, Bernardo, Bottura, Luca, Devred, Arnaud, Fiscarelli, Lucio, Karppinen, Mikko, de Rijk, Gijs, Rossi, Lucio, Savary, Frédéric, Willering, Gerard, Chao, Alexander, Series Editor, Zimmermann, Frank, Series Editor, Oide, Katsunobu, Series Editor, Riegler, Werner, Series Editor, Shiltsev, Vladimir, Series Editor, Nakamura, Kenzo, Series Editor, Schoerling, Daniel, editor, and Zlobin, Alexander V., editor

Published
2019
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8. Pre-Load Studies on a 2-m Long Nb3Sn 11 T Model Magnet for the High Luminosity Upgrade of the LHC

Author

Gautheron, Emma, primary, Bordini, Bernardo, additional, Bourcey, Nicolas, additional, Sequeiro, Cristina Castro, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Duda, Michal, additional, Guinchard, Michael, additional, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, additional, Lackner, Friedrich, additional, Perez, Juan Carlos, additional, Pincot, Francois-Olivier, additional, Pulikowski, Dariusz, additional, Fernandez, Jose Luis Rudeiros, additional, Savary, Frederic, additional, and Willering, Gerard, additional

Published
2021
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9. Chapter 11: 11 T dipole and new connection cryostat for the dispersion suppressor collimators

Author

Savary, Frederic and Schoerling, Daniel

Subjects
Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract

In Run 3 the intensity of the ion beams (usually Pb ions) for ion–ion collisions is planned to be increased by a factor of three: from 40 × 109 to 120 × 109 circulating particles. This intensity increase will amplify the losses in the cold zone at P2 and P7 and may drive the beam induced heat losses in the main dipoles in the dispersion suppressor (DS) region above the quench limit. To avoid limiting the machine performance during ion operation due to this effect, various countermeasures have been studied, and the solution chosen was to intercept these diffractive losses via warm absorbers, so-called TCLDs (Target Collimator Long Dispersion) suppressors, left and right of the LHC interaction points P2 and P7.

Published
2020

11. LHC Full Energy Exploitation Study: Operation at Ultimate Energy of 7.5 TeV

Author

Bruning, Oliver, Antipov, Sergey, Amorim, David, Arduini, Gianluigi, Apollonio, Andrea, Ball, Austin, Baglin, Vincent, Bartmann, Wolfgang, Battistin, Michele, Biancacci, Nicolo, Bottura, Luca, Calviani, Marco, Cerutti, Francesco, Bracco, Chiara, Brodzinski, Krzysztof, Bruce, Roderik, Burnet, Jean-Paul, Carlier, Etienne, Chiggiato, Paolo, Claudet, Serge, Delikaris, Dimitri, De Maria, Riccardo, Denz, Reiner, Felcini, Enrico, Gilardoni, Simone, Giovannozzi, Massimo, Goddard, Brennan, Iadarola, Giovanni, Jensen, Erk, Jones, Rhodri, Kersevan, Roberto, Lamont, Mike, Lechner, Anton, Lindner, Rolf, Metral, Elias, Mereghetti, Alessio, Mirarchi, Daniele, Montabonnet, Valerie, Nonis, Mauro, Oeftiger, Adrian, Papadopoulou, Parthena Stefania, Papaphilippou, Yannis, Pojer, Mirko, Pontecorvo, Ludovico, Romano, Antony, Redaelli, Stefano, Riegler, Werner, Rodriguez Mateos, Felix, Roesler, Stefan, Rumolo, Giovanni, Salvant, Benoit, Savary, Frederic, Senaj, Viliam, Siemko, Andrzej, Skripka, Galina, Todesco, Ezio, Tomas Garcia, Rogelio, Van Der Veken, Frederik, Verweij, Arjan, Wenninger, Jorg, Wollmann, Daniel, Zerlauth, Markus, and Medina Medrano, Luis Eduardo

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract

This report discusses the feasibility and limitations for operating the LHC and HL-LHC at the ultimate beam energy of 7.5 TeV, corresponding to a main dipole magnetic field of 8.93 T and an operating current of 12748 A.

Published
2019

12. Pre-Load Studies on a 2-m Long Nb3Sn 11 T Model Magnet for the High Luminosity Upgrade of the LHC.

Author

Gautheron, Emma, Bordini, Bernardo, Bourcey, Nicolas, Sequeiro, Cristina Castro, Devred, Arnaud, Duda, Michal, Guinchard, Michael, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, Lackner, Friedrich, Perez, Juan Carlos, Pincot, Francois-Olivier, Pulikowski, Dariusz, Fernandez, Jose Luis Rudeiros, Savary, Frederic, and Willering, Gerard

Subjects
SUPERCONDUCTING magnets, MAGNETS, LARGE Hadron Collider, LUMINOSITY
Abstract

The Large Hadron Collider luminosity upgrade requires the replacement of standard 8.3 T Nb-Ti main dipole magnets with pairs of shorter 11 T Nb3Sn dipole magnets. After the manufacturing and testing of several 2 m-long 11 T models, the full-length 11 T magnet series production is now ongoing. As a result of a degraded quench performance in several short models, attributed to excessive stress in the coils’ midplanes, an upper hard limit for the coils’ pre-stress was set to avoid any conductor degradation. With the aim of further investigating the influence of a lower pre-stress, an additional double-aperture short model was manufactured. The first aperture was assembled with the standard pre-stress target, in line with the series production. The second aperture was assembled with half of the standard pre-stress. Both apertures were then assembled into a 2-in-1 structure, but connected individually in order to power them independently to allow for comparison studies. Contrary to previously built 11 T magnets, the conductor type is also different as Powder-in-tube (PIT) cable was used, instead of standard Restacked-Rod-Process (RRP) cable. Additionally, the quench heaters for magnet protection were not impregnated as previously done, but placed on the outer radial surface of the coils, in agreement with the final decision for the 11 T series production. This paper describes the manufacturing and testing campaign results of this last 11 T short model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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13. Progress on high luminosity LHC Nb$_{3}$Sn magnets

Author

Todesco, Ezio, Annarella, M, Ambrosio, Giorgio, Apollinari, Giorgio, Ballarino, Amalia, Bajas, H, Bajko, Marta, Bordini, Bernardo, Bossert, R, Bottura, Luca, Cavanna, E, Cheng, D, Chlachidze, G, De Rijk, Gijs, DiMarco, J, Ferracin, Paolo, Fleiter, Jerome, Guinchard, M, Hafalia, A, Holik, E, Izquierdo Bermudez, S, Lackner, F, Marchevsky, M, Loeffler, C, Nobrega, A, Perez, Juan Carlos, Prestemon, Soren, Ravaioli, E, Rossi, Lucio, Sabbi, GianLuca, Salmi, T, Savary, Frederic, Schmalzle, J, Stoynev, S, Strauss, T, Tartaglia, M, Vallone, Giorgio, Velev, Gueorgui, Wanderer, Peter, Wang, X, Willering, Gerard, and Yu, M

Subjects
Physics::Accelerator Physics, Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract

The HL-LHC project aims at allowing to increase the collisions in the Large Hadron Collider by a factor ten in the decade 2025 - 2035. One essential element are the superconducting magnets around the interaction region points, where large aperture magnets will be installed to allow to further reduce the beam size in the interaction point. The core of this upgrade is the Nb$_{3}$Sn triplet, made of 150 mm aperture quadrupoles of in the range of 7 - 8 m. The project is being shared between CERN and US Accelerator Upgrade Program, based on the same design, and on two strand technologies. The project is ending the short model phase, and entering the prototype construction. We will report on the main results of the short model program, including quench performance and field quality. A second important element is the 11 T dipole that replacing a standard dipole makes space for additional collimators. The magnet is also ending the model development and entering the prototype phase. A critical point in the design of this magnet is the large current density, allowing increasing the field from 8 to 11 T with the same coil cross - section as in the LHC dipoles. This is also the first two - in - one Nb$_{3}$Sn magnet developed so far. We will report the main results on the test and the critical aspects .

Published
2018

15. Quench propagation in Nb$_{3}$Sn cos-theta 11 T dipole model magnets in high stress areas

Author

Mangiarotti, Franco J, Willering, Gerard P, Bajas, Hugues, Bajko, Marta, Bordini, Bernardo, Bottura, Luca, Izquierdo Bermudez, Susana, Löffler, Christian H, Gomez, Jose V Lorenzo, Savary, Frederic, and Probst, Matthias

Subjects
Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract

A large number of training quenches at various currents, temperatures, and ramp rates, have been performed on six 11 T dipole model magnets. Quenches in the midplane of these magnets were of special interest, since the quench current in the last three models measured in 2016 was limited to between 84% and 92% of the magnets short sample limit. Measurements of quench propagation velocity, based on both voltage taps and quench antennas, yield a high propagation velocity of 50 to 80 m/s. Due to the high magnetic field gradient over the width of the midplane turn such a high propagation speed cannot be explained by propagation in longitudinal direction of the strand following the twist pitch. In these cases, current and heat sharing at the thin cable edge (where the field, stress, and cable compaction are high) are likely to provoke strand-to-strand quench propagation at higher velocities than along the strands. This investigation is focused on analyzing the quench propagation along the strands and strand-to-strand of various measured cases.

Published
2018

17. Thermomechanical Properties of Polymers for Use in Superconducting Magnets

Author

Scheuerlein, Christian, primary, Rehmer, Birgit, additional, Finn, Monika, additional, Meyer, Christian, additional, Uhlemann, Patrick, additional, Amez-Droz, Michel, additional, Meuter, Florian, additional, Konstantopoulou, Konstantina, additional, Lackner, Friedrich, additional, Savary, Frederic, additional, and Tock, Jean-Philippe, additional

Published
2019
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18. Mechanical Analysis of the Collaring Process of the 11 T Dipole Magnet

Author

Ferracin, Paolo, primary, Bottura, Luca, additional, Bourcey, Nicolas, additional, Daly, Michael, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, additional, Troitino, Jose Ferradas, additional, Ferradas Troitino, Salvador, additional, Grosclaude, Philippe, additional, Guinchard, Michael, additional, Loffler, Christian, additional, Nilsson, Emelie, additional, Perez, Juan Carlos, additional, Fernandez, Jose Luis Rudeiros, additional, Savary, Frederic, additional, Vallone, Giorgio, additional, and Wolf, Felix, additional

Published
2019
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19. Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of Nb3Sn Coils

Author

Fernandez, Jose Luis Rudeiros, primary, Perez, Juan Carlos, additional, Troitino, Salvador Ferradas, additional, Guinchard, Michael, additional, Grosclaude, Philippe, additional, Crouvizier, Mickael D., additional, Langeslag, Stefanie, additional, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, additional, and Savary, Frederic, additional

Published
2019
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21. Effect of Applied Compressive Stress and Impregnation Material on Internal Strain and Stress State in Nb3Sn Rutherford Cable Stacks

Author

Wolf, Felix, primary, Scheuerlein, Christian, additional, Lorentzon, Marcus, additional, Katzer, Balduin, additional, Hofmann, Michael, additional, Gan, Weimin, additional, Lackner, Friedrich, additional, Schoerling, Daniel, additional, Tommasini, Davide, additional, Savary, Frederic, additional, and Bottura, Luca, additional

Published
2019
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22. Characterisation of the Mechanical Behaviour of Superconducting Cables Used in High Field Magnets From Room Temperature Down to 77K

Author

Sacristan De Frutos, Oscar, Daly, Michael, Ferracin, Paolo, Fichera, Claudio, Guinchard, Michael, Mikkola, Tommi, Savary, Frederic, and Vallone, Giorgio

Subjects
07 Accelerator Technology, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

A comprehensive knowledge of the mechanical properties of the superconducting cable used in high-field magnets is of paramount importance to study and model the behaviour of the magnet coil from assembly to the operational conditions at cryogenic temperature. The mechanical characterisation of such kind of materials presents practical challenges associated with the heterogeneity of the materials, the geometry, size and quality of the samples that can be produced out of actual cables. These constraints impose the undertaking of such measurements from a nonstandard approach, and hence the development of tailor-made tooling. An extensive characterisation campaign for the determination of the mechanical properties of the superconducting cable at room and cryogenic temperature was launched at CERN in order to determine the most relevant mechanical properties of the superconducting cables used in the MQXF and 11T magnets. This paper describes the design of the tooling developed for this specific application as well as the experimental set-up used for the tests, and discusses the outcomes of the matrix of tests performed., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

Published
2017

23. Field Quality Measurements in the FNAL Twin-Aperture 11 T Dipole for LHC Upgrades

Author

Strauss, Thomas, Apollinari, Giorgio, Auchmann, Bernhard, Barzi, Emanuela, Chlachidze, Guram, DiMarco, Joseph, Izquierdo Bermudez, Susana, Karppinen, Mikko, Nobrega, Alfred, Novitski, Igor, Rossi, Lucio, Savary, Frederic, Smekens, David, Stoynev, Stoyan, Turrioni, Daniele, Velev, Gueorgui, and Zlobin, Alexander

Subjects
7: Accelerator Technology Main Systems, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

FNAL and CERN magnet groups are developing a twin-aperture Nb3Sn 11 T dipole suitable for installation in the LHC to provide room for additional collimators in the dispersion suppressor (DS) areas. Two of these magnets with a collimator in between will replace one regular MB dipole. A single-aperture 2-m long dipole demonstrator and two 1-m long dipole models have been assembled and tested at FNAL in 2012-2014. The 1 m long collared coils were then assembled into the twin-aperture configuration and tested in 2015. The first magnet test was focused on the quench performance of twin-aperture magnet configuration including magnet training, ramp rate sensitivity and temperature dependence of magnet quench current. In the second test performed in July 2016 field quality in one of the two magnet apertures has been measured and compared with the data for the single-aperture models. These results are reported and discussed in this paper., Proceedings of the North American Particle Accelerator Conf., NAPAC2016, Chicago, IL, USA

Published
2017

25. Quench Propagation in Nb $_\text{3}$ Sn Cos-Theta 11 T Dipole Model Magnets in High Stress Areas

Author

Mangiarotti, Franco J., primary, Willering, Gerard P., additional, Bajas, Hugues, additional, Bajko, Marta, additional, Bordini, Bernardo, additional, Bottura, Luca, additional, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, additional, Loffler, Christian H., additional, Gomez, Jose V. Lorenzo, additional, Savary, Frederic, additional, and Probst, Matthias, additional

Published
2018
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27. Irreversible degradation of Nb3Sn Rutherford cables due to transverse compressive stress at room temperature

Author

Ebermann, Patrick, primary, Bernardi, Johannes, additional, Fleiter, Jerome, additional, Lackner, Friedrich, additional, Meuter, Florian, additional, Pieler, Magdalena, additional, Scheuerlein, Christian, additional, Schoerling, Daniel, additional, Wolf, Felix, additional, Ballarino, Amalia, additional, Bottura, Luca, additional, Tommasini, Davide, additional, Savary, Frederic, additional, and Eisterer, Michael, additional

Published
2018
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29. Applied Metrology in the Production of Superconducting Model Magnets for Particle Accelerators

Author

Ferradas Troitino, Jose, primary, Bestmann, Patrick, additional, Bourcey, Nicolas, additional, Carlon Zurita, Alejandro, additional, Cavanna, Eugenio, additional, Ferracin, Paolo, additional, Ferradas Troitino, Salvador, additional, Holik, Eddie Frank, additional, Izquierdo Bermudez, Susana, additional, Lackner, Friedrich, additional, Loffler, Christian, additional, Maury, Gregory, additional, Perez, Juan Carlos, additional, Savary, Frederic, additional, Semeraro, Michela, additional, and Vallone, Giorgio, additional

Published
2018
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31. Fabrication of the 7.3-m-Long Coils for the Prototype of MQXFB, the Nb3Sn Low-b Quadrupole Magnet for the HiLumi LHC

Author

Lackner, Friedrich, primary, Scheuerlein, Christian, additional, Sahner, Thomas, additional, Michels, Matthias, additional, Semeraro, Michela, additional, Bourcey, Nicolas, additional, Cavanna, Eugenio, additional, Revilak, Philipp, additional, Genestier, Thibault, additional, Axensalva, Jerome, additional, Principe, Rosario, additional, Ferracin, Paolo, additional, Prin, Herve, additional, Savary, Frederic, additional, Ambrosio, Giorgio, additional, Todesco, Ezio, additional, Duret, Max, additional, Triquet, Stephane, additional, Pozzobon, Marc, additional, Luzieux, Sebastien, additional, and Perez, Juan Carlos, additional

Published
2018
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34. Comparison of Cold Powering Performance of 2-m-Long Nb3Sn 11 T Model Magnets

Author

Willering, Gerard, primary, Bajko, Marta, additional, Bajas, Hugues, additional, Bordini, Bernardo, additional, Bottura, Luca, additional, Feuvrier, Jerome, additional, Fiscarelli, Lucio, additional, Izquierdo Bermudez, Susana, additional, Loffler, Christian, additional, Mangiarotti, Franco, additional, Nilsson, Emelie, additional, Perez, Juan-Carlos, additional, de Rijk, Gijs, additional, and Savary, Frederic, additional

Published
2018
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35. Design and Construction of the Full-Length Prototype of the 11-T Dipole Magnet for the High Luminosity LHC Project at CERN

Author

Savary, Frederic, primary, Bordini, Bernardo, additional, Fiscarelli, Lucio, additional, Foussat, A. P., additional, Grand-Clement, Ludovic, additional, Lackner, Friedrich, additional, Loffler, C. H., additional, Semeraro, Michela, additional, Smekens, David, additional, Ramos, Delio Duarte, additional, Prin, Herve, additional, Principe, Rosario, additional, Bottura, Luca, additional, Rossi, Lucio, additional, and Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, additional

Published
2018
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37. Progress on the Development of the Nb3Sn 11T Dipole for the High Luminosity Upgrade of LHC

Author

Savary, Frederic, primary, Bajko, Marta, additional, Bordini, Bernardo, additional, Bottura, Luca, additional, Fiscarelli, Lucio, additional, Fleiter, Jerome, additional, Foussat, Arnaud, additional, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, additional, Karppinen, Mikko, additional, Lackner, Friedrich, additional, Loffler, Christian H., additional, Nilsson, Emelie, additional, Perez, Juan Carlos, additional, Prin, Herve, additional, Principe, Rosario, additional, Ramos, Delio, additional, de Rijk, Gijs, additional, Rossi, Lucio, additional, Smekens, David, additional, Sequeira Tavares, Sandra, additional, Willering, Gerard, additional, and Zlobin, Alexander V., additional

Published
2017
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40. Quench Performance and Field Quality of FNAL Twin-Aperture 11 T Nb3Sn Dipole Model for LHC Upgrades

Author

Stoynev, Stoyan, primary, Andreev, Nikolai, additional, Apollinari, Giorgio, additional, Auchmann, Bernhard, additional, Barzi, Emanuela, additional, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, additional, Bossert, Rodger, additional, Chlachidze, Guram, additional, DiMarco, Joseph, additional, Karppinen, Mikko, additional, Nobrega, Alfred, additional, Novitski, Igor, additional, Rossi, Lucio, additional, Savary, Frederic, additional, Smekens, David, additional, Strauss, Thomas, additional, Turrioni, Daniele, additional, Velev, Gueorgui V., additional, and Zlobin, Alexander V., additional

Published
2017
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41. The 16 T Dipole Development Program for FCC

Author

Tommasini, Davide, primary, Auchmann, B., additional, Bajas, Hugues, additional, Bajko, Marta, additional, Ballarino, Amalia, additional, Bellomo, Giovanni, additional, Benedikt, Michael, additional, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, additional, Bordini, Bernardo, additional, Bottura, Luca, additional, Buzio, Marco, additional, Dhalle, Marc, additional, Durante, Maria, additional, de Rijk, Gijs, additional, Fabbricatore, Pasquale, additional, Farinon, Stefania, additional, Ferracin, Paolo, additional, Gao, Peng, additional, Lackner, Friedrich, additional, Lorin, Clement, additional, Marinozzi, Vittorio, additional, Martinez, Teresa, additional, Munilla, J., additional, Ogitsu, Toru, additional, Ortwein, Rafal, additional, Perez, Juan, additional, Prioli, M., additional, Rifflet, Jean-Michel, additional, Rochepault, Etienne, additional, Russenschuck, Stephan, additional, Salmi, Tiina, additional, Savary, Frederic, additional, Schoerling, Daniel, additional, Segreti, Michel, additional, Senatore, Carmine, additional, Sorbi, Massimo, additional, Stenvall, Antti, additional, Todesco, Ezio, additional, Toral, Fernando, additional, Verweij, Arjan P., additional, Volpini, Giovanni, additional, Wessel, Sander, additional, and Wolf, Felix, additional

Published
2017
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42. Design Optimization of the Nb3Sn 11 T Dipole for the High Luminosity LHC

Author

Nilsson, Emelie, primary, Izquierdo Bermudez, Susana, additional, Ballarino, Amalia, additional, Bordini, Bernardo, additional, Bottura, Luca, additional, Fleiter, Jerome, additional, Lackner, Friedrich, additional, Loffler, Christian, additional, Perez, Juan Carlos, additional, Prin, Herve, additional, DeRijk, Gijs, additional, Smekens, David, additional, and Savary, Frederic, additional

Published
2017
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43. Status of Long Coil Production for the MQXFB Nb3Sn Prototype Quadrupole for the HiLumi LHC

Author

Lackner, Friedrich, primary, Ferracin, Paolo, additional, Todesco, Ezio, additional, Triquet, Stephan, additional, Pozzobon, Marc, additional, Luzieux, S., additional, Perez, J.C., additional, Scheuerlein, Christian, additional, Cavanna, Eugenio, additional, Ohnweiler, Timm, additional, Revilak, Philipp, additional, Genestier, Thibault, additional, Principe, Rosario, additional, Prin, Herve, additional, Duret, Max, additional, and Savary, Frederic, additional

Published
2017
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44. Quench Performance of the First Twin-aperture 11 T Dipole for LHC upgrades

Author

Zlobin, Alexander, Andreev, Nicolai, Apollinari, Giorgio, Auchmann, Bernhard, Barzi, Emanuela, Chlachidze, Guram, Izquierdo Bermudez, Susana, Karppinen, Mikko, Nobrega, Alfred, Novitski, Igor, Rossi, Lucio, Savary, Frederic, Smekens, David, Stoynev, Stoyan, and Turrioni, Daniele

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Accelerator Physics, 7: Accelerator Technology, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The LHC luminosity upgrade plan foresees installation of additional collimators in Dispersion Suppressor areas around point 7 and interaction regions 1, 2 and 5. The required space for these collimators could be provided by replacing some 15-m long 8.33 T NbTi LHC main dipoles (MB) with shorter 11 T Nb3Sn dipoles (MBH) compatible with the LHC lattice and main systems. FNAL and CERN magnet groups are developing a 5.5-m long twin-aperture dipole prototype with the nominal field of 11 T at the LHC nominal current of 11.85 kA suitable for installation in the LHC. Two of these magnets with a collimator in between will replace one MB dipole. The single-aperture 2-m long dipole demonstrator and two 1-m long dipole models have been assembled and tested at FNAL in 2012-2014. The 1 m long collared coils were then assembled into the first twin-aperture Nb3Sn demonstrator dipole and tested. This paper reports test results of the first twin-aperture Nb3Sn dipole model focusing on magnet training, ramp rate sensitivity and temperature dependence of the magnet quench current. The twin-aperture dipole quench performance is compared with the data for the single-aperture models., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

Published
2015
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45. Welding and Quality Control for the Consolidation of the LHC Superconducting Magnets and Circuits

Author

Atieh, Said, Bernardini, Marzia, Bertinelli, Francesco, Cruikshank, Paul, Dalin, Jean-Michel, Favre, Gilles, Kain, Verena, Lombard, Didier, Perin, Antonio, Pojer, Mirko, Rasul, Ghulam, Rey, David, Rizwan, Rashid, Savary, Frederic, and Tock, Jean-Philippe

Subjects
T10 Superconducting Magnets, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Accelerator Physics, 07 Accelerator Technology Main Systems
Abstract

The first LHC long shutdown was driven by the need to consolidate the 13 kA splices between the superconducting magnets to safely attain its center of mass design energy of 14 TeV. Access to the splices requires the opening of welded sleeves by machining. After consolidation, the sleeves are re-welded using a TIG orbital welding. The welding process has been modified from the original “as-new” installation in order to better adapt to the “as repaired” situation. The intervention has been thoroughly prepared through qualifications, organisation of teams, their training and follow-up. Quality control is based on the qualification of equipment, process and operators; the recording of production parameters; regular process audits and production witness samples; visual inspection through an official certifying body. The paper also describes welding and quality control of special intervention cases, with issues of difficult access requiring innovative solutions. This work concerns over 10 000 welds and a team of 40 engineers and technicians over a period of 18 months. The experience and lessons learnt will be applicable to similar large complex projects., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

Published
2014

47. Strategy for Superconducting Magnet Development for a Future Hadron-Hadron Circular Collider at CERN

Author

Schoerling, Daniel, primary, Bajas, Hugo, additional, Bajko, Marta, additional, Ballarino, Amalia, additional, Benedikt, Michael, additional, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, additional, Bordini, Bernardo, additional, Bottura, Luca, additional, Buzio, Marco, additional, De Rijk, Gijs, additional, Karppinen, Mikko, additional, Lackner, Friedrich, additional, Milanese, Attilio, additional, van Nugteren, Jeroen, additional, Parma, Vittorio, additional, Perez, Juan Carlo, additional, Russenschuck, Stephan, additional, Savary, Frederic, additional, Todesco, Ezio, additional, and Tommasini, Davide, additional

Published
2016
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49. Comparison of Cold Powering Performance of 2-m-Long Nb3Sn 11 T Model Magnets.

Author

Willering, Gerard, Bajko, Marta, Bajas, Hugues, Bordini, Bernardo, Bottura, Luca, Feuvrier, Jerome, Fiscarelli, Lucio, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, Löffler, Christian, Mangiarotti, Franco, Nilsson, Emelie, Perez, Juan-Carlos, Rijk, Gijs de, and Savary, Frederic

Subjects
MAGNETS, CURRENT density (Electromagnetism), MECHANICAL properties of metals, APERTURE-coupled microstrip antennas, ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
Abstract

For the upgrade of the LHC, two 15-m NbTi main dipole magnets are foreseen to be replaced by two 11 T 5.7-m-long Nb3Sn dipoles each. A series of model magnets has been produced to verify the design choices that are important for the prototype and series production, focusing on mechanical aspects and protection studies. A fourth and a fifth 2-m single aperture models were produced, assembled, and tested. In this paper, the cold powering tests of the single aperture models SP104 and SP105 will be presented and the results will be compared with the previous models. Special attention will be given to the upper limit in magnet current due to quenches in the midplane turns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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50. Multiscale Approach to the Mechanical Behavior of Epoxy Impregnated Nb3Sn Coils for the 11 T Dipole.

Author

Daly, Michael, Löffler, Christian H., Smekens, David, Fontenla, A. T., Frutos, Oscar Sacristan de, Guinchard, Michael, and Savary, Frederic

Subjects
SUPERCONDUCTING magnets, ELECTROMAGNETS, SCANNING electron microscopes, ELECTRIC conductivity, MAGNETIC fields
Abstract

The superconducting 11 T dipole magnets developed atCERNfor theHL-LHCproject are equippedwith coils manufactured from Nb3Sn Rutherford cables and following the wind and react fabrication technique. The brittleness of the multifilamentary structure of the Nb3Sn within the cable strands exposes the coils to permanent performance degradation when subjected to excessive strain during assembly and operation. This paper will show the characterisation of cable stacks (10-stack) under compression using representative coil material in order to predict the behavior of the Nb3Sn coils. By means of standard mechanical measuring techniques and finite element analysis, the results from the 10-stack measurements are extrapolated to an actual and fully detailed coil cross section using two-dimensional imaging techniques. The stress distribution from the actual coil geometry are used to predict the stresses at the strand level and the filaments within the strand. The model of the strand and filaments is based on a scanning electron microscope image of a strand of interest within the original coil in order to provide a realistic geometry and a better representation of the stresses within the multifilament structure. The results from this multiscale approach have allowed for a better understanding of the stresses that are observed at the strand and filament level by accounting for the global stresses of the realistic coil geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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