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The hydrodistilled essential oils obtained from aerial flowering parts of Teucrium stocksianum ssp. stocksianum (TSS) and T. stocksianum ssp. gabrielae (TSG) from Iran were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. The oil analysis of two subspecies led to the identification of 65 compounds that accounted for 93.3 and 95.1% of the total oil compositions, respectively. Sesquiterpenoids (52.9%) constituted the main compounds in the essential oil of TSS represented mainly by cis-sesquisabinene hydrate (12.0%), followed by epi-β-bisabolol (6.6%), guaiol (5.4%), and β-eudesmol (4.4%), whilst monoterpenoids (61.2%) were found to be the major components of the oil of TSG, represented by α-pinene (23.0%), β-pinene (13.0%), myrcene (6.3%), and sabinene (6.3%). The principal component in both subspecies, TSS and TSG, was α-pinene (22.0 and 23.0%, resp.) and β-pinene (6.5 and 13.0%, resp.). epi-α-Cadinol, myrcene, and sabinene, which were detected as principal compounds of TSG, were characterized in lower amounts (<1.5%) in the oil of TSS. Seven components were identified in the oil of TSS corresponding to 25.9% of total oil, which were totally absent in the oil of TSG, of which cis-sesquisabinene hydrate (12.0%), guaiol (5.4%), and β-eudesmol (4.4%) were in considerable amounts. Taxonomic position of the subspecies is discussed on the basis of phytochemical data., (Copyright © 2013 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.)