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The Kepler mission revealed a plethora of stellar variability in the light curves of many stars, some associated with magnetic activity or stellar oscillations. In this work, we analyse the periodic signal in 162 intermediate-mass stars, interpreted as Rossby modes and rotational modulation - the so-called \textit{hump \& spike} feature. We investigate whether the rotational modulation (\textit{spike}) is due to stellar spots caused by magnetic fields or due to Overstable Convective (OsC) modes resonantly exciting g~modes, with frequencies corresponding to the convective core rotation rate. Assuming that the spikes are created by magnetic spots at the stellar surface, we recover the amplitudes of the magnetic fields, which are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Our data show a clear anti-correlation between the spike amplitudes and stellar mass and possibly a correlation with stellar age, consistent with the dynamo-generated magnetic fields theory in (sub)-surface convective layers. Investigating the harmonic behaviour, we find that for 125 stars neither of the two possible explanations can be excluded. While our results suggest that the dynamo-generated magnetic field scenario is more likely to explain the \textit{spike} feature, we assess further work is needed to distinguish between the two scenarios. One method for ruling out one of the two explanations is to directly observe magnetic fields in \textit{hump \& spike} stars. Another would be to impose additional constraints through detailed modelling of our stars, regarding the rotation requirement in the OsC mode scenario or the presence of a convective-core (stellar age)., 18 pages, 28 figures

We present stellar rotation periods for late K- and early M-dwarf members of the 4 Gyr old open cluster M67 as calibrators for gyrochronology and tests of stellar spin-down models. Using Gaia EDR3 astrometry for cluster membership and Pan-STARRS (PS1) photometry for binary identification, we build this set of rotation periods from a campaign of monitoring M67 with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope's MegaPrime wide field imager. We identify 1807 members of M67, of which 294 are candidate single members with significant rotation period detections. Moreover, we fit a polynomial to the period versus color-derived effective temperature sequence observed in our data. We find that the rotation of very cool dwarfs can be explained by a simple solid-body spin-down between 2.7 and 4 Gyr. We compare this rotational sequence to the predictions of gyrochronological models and find that the best match is Skumanich-like spin-down, P_rot \propto t^0.62, applied to the sequence of Ruprecht 147. This suggests that, for spectral types K7-M0 with near-solar metallicity, once a star resumes spinning down, a simple Skumanich-like is sufficient to describe their rotation evolution, at least through the age of M67. Additionally, for stars in the range M1-M3, our data show that spin-down must have resumed prior to the age of M67, in conflict with predictions of the latest spin-down models., 21 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication by ApJ

We present the results of the analysis of the photometric data collected in long- and short-cadence mode by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite for GJ 504, a well-studied planet-hosting solar-like star, whose fundamental parameters have been largely debated during the last decade. Several attempts have been made by the present authors to isolate the oscillatory properties expected on this main-sequence star, but we did not find any presence of solar-like pulsations. The suppression of the amplitude of the acoustic modes can be explained by the high level of magnetic activity revealed for this target, not only by the study of the photometric light curve but also by the analysis of three decades of available Mount Wilson spectroscopic data. In particular, our measurements of the stellar rotational period P rot ≃ 3.4 days and of the main principal magnetic cycle of ≃12 yr confirm previous findings and allow us to locate this star in the early main-sequence phase of its evolution during which the chromospheric activity is dominated by the superposition of several cycles before the transition to the phase of the magnetic-braking shutdown with the subsequent decrease of the magnetic activity.

Introduction: Anaemia is a global health related major public health problem among pregnant women, specially affecting developing countries like India. In pregnant women it is a major contributing factor of maternal mortality and perinatal mortality. Objectives: 1. To find out prevalence of Anaemia in pregnant women of Jaipur. 2. To find out prevalence of Low Birth Weight newborns, Still births and Cesarian Section. 3. To find out various socio-demographic factors and their association with anaemia of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: All pregnant women, who were admitted for delivery in Jaipur National University, Institute for Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan during the study period of 1st January 2018 to 31 December 2018. Sampling Method and Sample Size: Study sample was calculated by complete enumeration technique and, 1227 admitted cases of delivery were selected for study. Results: Total 64.72% of pregnant women were suffering from anaemia. Mild anaemia was 29.50%, Moderate anaemia in 34.55%, and Severe anaemia was observed in 0.65% of pregnant women. Total 67.67% Hindu pregnant women were anaemic while only 60.40% Muslim pregnant women were found to be anaemic. Among the anaemic mothers, 21.92% had newborn birth weight less than 2 kg, 24.05% had birth weight 2-2.5 kg and 54.03% had birth weight more than 2.5 kg weight. 50.88% delivered normally and 47.60% underwent LSCS. 1.52% had stillbirth among anaemic pregnant women. Conclusion: Improved dietary practices, consumption of locally available iron rich foods and a balanced diet, and effective national programme will go a long way in preventing iron deficiency in pregnant women. Keywords: Anaemia, LSCS, Still birth, Pregnant women.

We present an analysis of the first 20 second cadence light curves obtained by the TESS space telescope during its extended mission. We find improved precision of 20 second data compared to 2 minute data for bright stars when binned to the same cadence (˜10%-25% better for T ? 8 mag, reaching equal precision at T ˜ 13 mag), consistent with pre-flight expectations based on differences in cosmic-ray mitigation algorithms. We present two results enabled by this improvement. First, we use 20 second data to detect oscillations in three solar analogs (? Pav, ? Tuc, and p Men) and use asteroseismology to measure their radii, masses, densities, and ages to ˜1%, ˜3%, ˜1%, and ˜20% respectively, including systematic errors. Combining our asteroseismic ages with chromospheric activity measurements, we find evidence that the spread in the activity-age relation is linked to stellar mass and thus the depth of the convection zone. Second, we combine 20 second data and published radial velocities to recharacterize p Men c, which is now the closest transiting exoplanet for which detailed asteroseismology of the host star is possible. We show that p Men c is located at the upper edge of the planet radius valley for its orbital period, confirming that it has likely retained a volatile atmosphere and that the "asteroseismic radius valley"remains devoid of planets. Our analysis favors a low eccentricity for p Men c (, D.H. acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC19K0379, 80NSSC21K0652), and the National Science Foundation (AST-1717000). T.S.M. acknowledges support from NASA grant 80NSSC20K0458. Computational time at the Texas Advanced Computing Center was provided through XSEDE allocation TG-AST090107. A.C. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation through the Graduate Research Fellowship Program (DGE 1842402). W.H.B. performed computations using the University of Birmingham's BlueBEAR High Performance Computing service. T.R.B. acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council through Discovery Project DP210103119. Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by The Danish National Research Foundation (Grant DNRF106). M.S.C. and M.D. acknowledge the support by FCT/MCTES through the research grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020 and PTDC/FIS-AST/30389/2017, and by FEDER—Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (grant: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030389). T.L.C. is supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) in the form of a work contract (CEECIND/00476/2018). M.S.C. is supported by national funds through FCT in the form of a work contract. H.K. and E.P. acknowledge the grant from the European Social Fund via the Lithuanian Science Council (LMTLT) grant No. 09.3.3-LMT-K-712-01-0103. R.A.G. and S.N.B. acknowledge the support received from the CNES with the PLATO and GOLF grants. B.N. acknowledges postdoctoral funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and "Branco Weiss fellowship Science in Society" through the SEISMIC stellar interior physics group. S.M. acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2015-17697 and the grant number PID2019-107187GB-I00. T.W. acknowledges support from the B-type Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant No. XDB41000000) from the NSFC of China (grant Nos. 11773064, 11873084, and 11521303), from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and from the Ten Thousand Talents Program of Yunnan for Top-notch Young Talents. T.W. also gratefully acknowledges the computing time granted by the Yunnan Observatories and provided by the facilities at the Yunnan Observatories Supercomputing Platform. T.D. acknowledges support from MIT's Kavli Institute as a Kavli postdoctoral fellow.

Full list of authors: Hatzes, Artie P.; Gandolfi, Davide; Korth, Judith; Rodler, Florian; Sabotta, Silvia; Esposito, Massimiliano; Barragán, Oscar; Van Eylen, Vincent; Livingston, John H.; Serrano, Luisa Maria; Luque, Rafael; Smith, Alexis M. S.; Redfield, Seth; Persson, Carina M.; Pätzold, Martin; Palle, Enric; Nowak, Grzegorz; Osborne, Hannah L. M.; Narita, Norio; Mathur, Savita; Lam, Kristine W. F.; Kabáth, Petr; Johnson, Marshall C.; Guenther, Eike W.; Grziwa, Sascha; Goffo, Elisa; Fridlund, Malcolm; Endl, Michael; Deeg, Hans J.; Csizmadia, Szilard; Cochran, William D.; Cuesta, Lucía González; Chaturvedi, Priyanka; Carleo, Ilaria; Cabrera, Juan; Beck, Paul G.; Albrecht, Simon.--This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., π Men hosts a transiting planet detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite space mission and an outer planet in a 5.7 yr orbit discovered by radial velocity (RV) surveys. We studied this system using new RV measurements taken with the HARPS spectrograph on ESO's 3.6 m telescope, as well as archival data. We constrain the stellar RV semiamplitude due to the transiting planet, π Men c, as Kc = 1.21 ± 0.12 m s−1, resulting in a planet mass of Mc = 3.63 ± 0.38 M⊕. A planet radius of Rc = 2.145 ± 0.015 R⊕ yields a bulk density of ρc = 2.03 ± 0.22 g cm−3. The precisely determined density of this planet and the brightness of the host star make π Men c an excellent laboratory for internal structure and atmospheric characterization studies. Our HARPS RV measurements also reveal compelling evidence for a third body, π Men d, with a minimum mass Md sin id = 13.38 ± 1.35 M⊕ orbiting with a period of Porb,d = 125 days on an eccentric orbit (ed = 0.22). A simple dynamical analysis indicates that the orbit of π Men d is stable on timescales of at least 20 Myr. Given the mutual inclination between the outer gaseous giant and the inner rocky planet and the presence of a third body at 125 days, π Men is an important planetary system for dynamical and formation studies. © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society., This work was supported by the KESPRINT collaboration, an international consortium devoted to the characterization and research of exoplanets discovered with space-based missions (www.kesprint.science). S.G., M.P., S.C., A.P.H., K.W.F.L., M.E., and H.R. acknowledge support by DFG grants PA525/18-1, PA525/19-1, PA525/20-1, HA 3279/12-1, and RA 714/14-1 within the DFG Schwerpunkt SPP 1992, "Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets." L.M.S. and D.G. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the CRT foundation under grant No. 2018.2323 "Gaseous or rocky? Unveiling the nature of small worlds." J.K. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA; DNR 2020-00104). P.G.B. acknowledges the financial support by NAWI Graz. We thank Matthias Hoeft and Alexander Drabent for use of the computer of the Tautenburg radio group for our dynamical study., With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709.

Studies of Galactic structure and evolution have benefitted enormously from Gaia kinematic information, though additional, intrinsic stellar parameters like age are required to best constrain Galactic models. Asteroseismology is the most precise method of providing such information for field star populations $\textit{en masse}$, but existing samples for the most part have been limited to a few narrow fields of view by the CoRoT and Kepler missions. In an effort to provide well-characterized stellar parameters across a wide range in Galactic position, we present the second data release of red giant asteroseismic parameters for the K2 Galactic Archaeology Program (GAP). We provide $\nu_{\mathrm{max}}$ and $\Delta \nu$ based on six independent pipeline analyses; first-ascent red giant branch (RGB) and red clump (RC) evolutionary state classifications from machine learning; and ready-to-use radius & mass coefficients, $\kappa_R$ & $\kappa_M$, which, when appropriately multiplied by a solar-scaled effective temperature factor, yield physical stellar radii and masses. In total, we report 4395 radius and mass coefficients, with typical uncertainties of $3.3\% \mathrm{\ (stat.)} \pm 1\% \mathrm{\ (syst.)}$ for $\kappa_R$ and $7.7\% \mathrm{\ (stat.)} \pm 2\% \mathrm{\ (syst.)}$ for $\kappa_M$ among RGB stars, and $5.0\% \mathrm{\ (stat.)} \pm 1\% \mathrm{\ (syst.)}$ for $\kappa_R$ and $10.5\% \mathrm{\ (stat.)} \pm 2\% \mathrm{\ (syst.)}$ for $\kappa_M$ among RC stars. We verify that the sample is nearly complete -- except for a dearth of stars with $\nu_{\mathrm{max}} \lesssim 10-20\mu$Hz -- by comparing to Galactic models and visual inspection. Our asteroseismic radii agree with radii derived from Gaia Data Release 2 parallaxes to within $2.2 \pm 0.3\%$ for RGB stars and $2.0 \pm 0.6\%$ for RC stars., Comment: Published in ApJS

The Radial Velocity Experiment (Rave) is a magnitude-limited (9 < I < 12) spectroscopic survey of Galactic stars randomly selected in Earth's southern hemisphere. The Rave medium-resolution spectra (R ∼ 7500) cover the Ca-triplet region (8410-8795 Å). The sixth and final data release (DR6) is based on 518,387 observations of 451,783 unique stars. Rave observations were taken between 2003 April 12 and 2013 April 4. Here we present the genesis, setup, and data reduction of Rave as well as wavelength-calibrated and flux-normalized spectra and error spectra for all observations in Rave DR6. Furthermore, we present derived spectral classification and radial velocities for the Rave targets, complemented by cross-matches with Gaia DR2 and other relevant catalogs. A comparison between internal error estimates, variances derived from stars with more than one observing epoch, and a comparison with radial velocities of Gaia DR2 reveals consistently that 68% of the objects have a velocity accuracy better than 1.4 km s-1, while 95% of the objects have radial velocities better than 4.0 km s-1. Stellar atmospheric parameters, abundances and distances are presented in a subsequent publication. The data can be accessed via the Rave website (http://rave-survey.org) or the Vizier database., Funding for Rave has been provided by: the Leibniz-Institut f¨ur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP); the Australian Astronomical Observatory; the Australian National University; the Australian Research Council; the French National Research Agency (Programme National Cosmology et Galaxies (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU with INP and IN2P3, co-funded by CEA and CNES); the German Research Foundation (SPP 1177 and SFB 881); the European Research Council (ERC-StG 240271 Galactica); the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica at Padova; The Johns Hopkins University; the National Science Foundation of the USA (AST-0908326); the W. M. Keck foundation; the Macquarie University; the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the Slovenian Research Agency (research core funding no. P1-0188); the Swiss National Science Foundation; the Science & Technology Facilities Council of the UK; Opticon; Strasbourg Observatory; and the Universities of Basel, Groningen, Heidelberg, and Sydney. PJM is supported by grant 2017-03721 from the Swedish Research Council. LC is the recipient of the ARC Future Fellowship FT160100402. RAG acknowledges the support from the PLATO CNES grant. SM would like to acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2015-17697. MS thanks the Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics in Canberra for support through a Distinguished Visitor Fellowship. RFGW thanks the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Simons Foundation for support as a Simons Distinguished Visiting Scholar. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY-1748958 to KITP.

Ultra-short-period (USP) exoplanets have orbital periods shorter than one day. Precise masses and radii of USPs could provide constraints on their unknown formation and evolution processes. We report the detection and characterization of the USP planet GJ 367b using high precision photometry and radial velocity observations. GJ 367b orbits a bright (V-band magnitude = 10.2), nearby, red (M-type) dwarf star every 7.7 hours. GJ 367b has a radius of $0.718 \pm 0.054$ Earth-radii, a mass of $0.546 \pm 0.078$ Earth-masses, making it a sub-Earth. The corresponding bulk density is $8.106 \pm 2.165$ g cm$^-3$, close to that of iron. An interior structure model predicts the planet has an iron core radius fraction of $86 \pm 5\%$, similar to Mercury's interior., Comment: Note: "This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science , (2021-12-03), doi: 10.1126/science.aay3253"

Asteroseismology of bright stars has become increasingly important as a method to determine the fundamental properties (in particular ages) of stars. The Kepler Space Telescope initiated a revolution by detecting oscillations in more than 500 main-sequence and subgiant stars. However, most Kepler stars are faint and therefore have limited constraints from independent methods such as long-baseline interferometry. Here we present the discovery of solar-like oscillations in alpha Men A, a naked-eye (V = 5.1) G7 dwarf in TESS's southern continuous viewing zone. Using a combination of astrometry, spectroscopy, and asteroseismology, we precisely characterize the solar analog alpha Men A (T-eff = 5569 +/- 62 K, R-star = 0.960 +/- 0.016 R-circle dot, M-star = 0.964 +/- 0.045 M-circle dot). To characterize the fully convective M dwarf companion, we derive empirical relations to estimate mass, radius, and temperature given the absolute Gaia magnitude and metallicity, yielding M-star = 0.169 +/- 0.006 M (circle dot), R-star = 0.19 +/- 0.01 R-circle dot, and T-eff = 3054 +/- 44 K. Our asteroseismic age of 6.2 +/- 1.4 (stat) +/- 0.6 (sys) Gyr for the primary places alpha Men B within a small population of M dwarfs with precisely measured ages. We combined multiple ground-based spectroscopy surveys to reveal an activity cycle of P = 13.1 +/- 1.1 yr for alpha Men A, a period similar to that observed in the Sun. We used different gyrochronology models with the asteroseismic age to estimate a rotation period of similar to 30 days for the primary. Alpha Men A is now the closest (d = 10 pc) solar analog with a precise asteroseismic age from space-based photometry, making it a prime target for next-generation direct-imaging missions searching for true Earth analogs., National Science Foundation under the Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE 1842402]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [80NSSC18K1585, 80NSSC19K0379]; National Science Foundation [AST-1717000]; NASA FINESST award [80NSSC19K1424]; MICINN project [PRPPID2019-108709GBI00]; Independent Research Fund Denmark [7027-00096B]; Carlsberg Foundation [CF19-0649, CF17-0760]; Australian Research Council [DP210103119]; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/R0023297/1]; PLATO CNES grant; GOLF CNES grant; Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF106]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; Ramon y Cajal fellowship [RYC-201517697]; NASA [80NSSC20K0458, 80NSSC20K0515]; XSEDE [TG-AST090107]; NSF [ACI-1663696, AST1716436, PHY-1748958]; NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program; [PID2019-107187GB-I00], We acknowledge the traditional owners of the land on which the Anglo-Australian Telescope stands, the Gamilaraay people, and pay our respects to elders past, present, and emerging. The authors would like to thank the staff at the Gemini South Observatory for follow-up observations. A.C. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under the Graduate Research Fellowship Program (DGE 1842402). D.H. acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC18K1585, 80NSSC19K0379), and the National Science Foundation (AST-1717000). T.A.B. acknowledges support from a NASA FINESST award (80NSSC19K1424). A.S. is partially supported by MICINN project PRPPID2019-108709GBI00. V.S.A. acknowledges support from the Independent Research Fund Denmark (research grant 7027-00096B) and the Carlsberg Foundation (grant agreement CF19-0649). T.R.B. acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council (DP210103119). W.H.B., W.J.C., and M.B.N. thank the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) for support under grant ST/R0023297/1. R.A.G. acknowledges the support of the PLATO and GOLF CNES grants. M.S.L. is supported by the Carlsberg Foundation (grant agreement No. CF17-0760). Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by the Danish National Research Foundation (grant DNRF106). S.M. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with Ramon y Cajal fellowship No. RYC-201517697 and from grant No. PID2019-107187GB-I00. T.S.M. acknowledges support from NASA grant 80NSSC20K0458. Computational time at the Texas Advanced Computing Center was provided through XSEDE allocation TG-AST090107. R.H. D.T. acknowledges support from NSF grants ACI-1663696, AST1716436, and PHY-1748958 and NASA grant 80NSSC20K0515. Some of the observations in the paper made use of the highresolution imaging instrument Zorro obtained under Gemini LLP proposal No. GN/S-2021A-LP-105. Zorro was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and built at the NASA AMES Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.

Hill, Michelle L., et al., Giant stars as known exoplanet hosts are relatively rare due to the potential challenges in acquiring precision radial velocities and the small predicted transit depths. However, these giant host stars are also some of the brightest in the sky and so enable high signal-to-noise ratio follow-up measurements. Here, we report on new observations of the bright (V ∼ 3.3) giant star ι Draconis (ι Dra), known to host a planet in a highly eccentric ∼511 day period orbit. TESS observations of the star over 137 days reveal asteroseismic signatures, allowing us to constrain the stellar radius, mass, and age to ∼2%, ∼6%, and ∼28%, respectively. We present the results of continued radial-velocity monitoring of the star using the Automated Planet Finder over several orbits of the planet. We provide more precise planet parameters of the known planet and, through the combination of our radial-velocity measurements with Hipparcos and Gaia astrometry, we discover an additional long-period companion with an orbital period of ∼ {68} {-36} {+60} yr. Mass predictions from our analysis place this substellar companion on the border of the planet and brown dwarf regimes. The bright nature of the star combined with the revised orbital architecture of the system provides an opportunity to study planetary orbital dynamics that evolve as the star moves into the giant phase of its evolution., T.L.C. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 792848 (PULSATION). T.L.C. is supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) in the form of a work contract (CEECIND/ 00476/2018). C.K. acknowledges support by Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under grant No. MAP-2020-9749. T.L. acknowledges the funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unionʼs Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (CartographY GA. 804752). D.B. and M.S.C. acknowledge supported by FCT through the research grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/ 2020 and PTDC/FIS-AST/30389/2017, and by FEDER— Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (grant: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030389). M.S.C. is supported by national funds through FCT in the form of a work contract. R.A.G. and S.N.B. acknowledge the support of the PLATO and GOLF CNES grants. S.M. acknowledges the support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2015-17697 and with the grant No. PID2019-107187GB-I00. D.H. acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC19K0379), and the National Science Foundation (AST-1717000). D.L.B. acknowledges support from the NASA TESS GI Program under awards 80NSSC18K1585 and 80NSSC19K0385. T.R.B. acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council (DP210103119).

We report on precise Doppler measurements of L231-32 (TOI-270), a nearby M dwarf ($d=22$ pc, $M_\star = 0.39$ M$_\odot$, $R_\star = 0.38$ R$_\odot$), which hosts three transiting planets that were recently discovered using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The three planets are 1.2, 2.4, and 2.1 times the size of Earth and have orbital periods of 3.4, 5.7, and 11.4 days. We obtained 29 high-resolution optical spectra with the newly commissioned Echelle Spectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet and Stable Spectroscopic Observations (ESPRESSO) and 58 spectra using the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS). From these observations, we find the masses of the planets to be $1.58 \pm 0.26$, $6.15 \pm 0.37$, and $4.78 \pm 0.43$ M$_\oplus$, respectively. The combination of radius and mass measurements suggests that the innermost planet has a rocky composition similar to that of Earth, while the outer two planets have lower densities. Thus, the inner planet and the outer planets are on opposite sides of the `radius valley' -- a region in the radius-period diagram with relatively few members, which has been interpreted as a consequence of atmospheric photo-evaporation. We place these findings into the context of other small close-in planets orbiting M dwarf stars, and use support vector machines to determine the location and slope of the M dwarf ($T_\mathrm{eff} < 4000$ K) radius valley as a function of orbital period. We compare the location of the M dwarf radius valley to the radius valley observed for FGK stars, and find that its location is a good match to photo-evaporation and core-powered mass loss models. Finally, we show that planets below the M dwarf radius valley have compositions consistent with stripped rocky cores, whereas most planets above have a lower density consistent with the presence of a H-He atmosphere., Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Abdurro’uf et al., This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys., This publication uses data generated via the Zooniverse.org platform, development of which is funded by generous support, including a Global Impact Award from Google, and by a grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.

Rotational modulation of stellar light curves due to dark spots encloses information on spot properties and, thus, on magnetic activity. In particular, the decay of the autocorrelation function (ACF) of light curves is presumed to be linked to spot/active-region lifetimes, given that some coherence of the signal is expected throughout their lifetime. In the literature, an exponential decay has been adopted to describe the ACF. Here, we investigate the relation between the ACF and the active-region lifetimes. For this purpose, we produce artificial light curves of rotating spotted stars with different observation, stellar, and spot properties. We find that a linear decay and respective timescale better represent the ACF than the exponential decay. We therefore adopt a linear decay. The spot/active-region timescale inferred from the ACF is strongly restricted by the observation length of the light curves. For 1-year light curves our results are consistent with no correlation between the inferred and the input timescales. The ACF decay is also significantly affected by differential rotation and spot evolution: strong differential rotation and fast spot evolution contribute to a more severe underestimation of the active-region lifetimes. Nevertheless, in both circumstances the observed timescale is still correlated with the input lifetimes. Therefore, our analysis suggests that the ACF decay can be used to obtain a lower limit of the active-region lifetimes for relatively long-term observations. However, strategies to avoid or flag targets with fast active-region evolution or displaying stable beating patterns associated with differential rotation should be employed., 12 pages, 19 Figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Red giant asteroseismology can provide valuable information for studying the Galaxy as demonstrated by space missions like CoRoT and Kepler. However, previous observations have been limited to small data sets and fields-of-view. The TESS mission provides far larger samples and, for the first time, the opportunity to perform asteroseimic inference from full-frame images full-sky, instead of narrow fields and pre-selected targets. Here, we seek to detect oscillations in TESS data of the red giants in the Kepler field using the 4-yr Kepler results as benchmark. Because we use 1-2 sectors of observation, our results are representative of the typical scenario from TESS data. We detect clear oscillations in ~3000 stars with another ~1000 borderline (low S/N) cases. In comparison, best-case predictions suggests ~4500 detectable oscillating giants. Of the clear detections, we measure Dnu in 570 stars, meaning a ~20% Dnu yield (14% for one sector and 26% for two sectors). These yields imply that typical (1-2 sector) TESS data will result in significant detection biases. Hence, to boost the number of stars, one might need to use only Numax as the seismic input for stellar property estimation. However, we find little bias in the seismic measurements and typical scatter is about 5-6% in Numax and 2-3% in Dnu. These values, coupled with typical uncertainties in parallax, Teff, and [Fe/H] in a grid-based approach, would provide internal uncertainties of 3% in inferred stellar radius, 6% in mass and 20% in age for low-luminosity giant stars. Finally, we find red giant seismology is not significantly affected by seismic signal confusion from blending for stars with Tmag < 12.5., 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Dark magnetic spots crossing the stellar disc lead to quasi-periodic brightness variations, which allow us to constrain stellar surface rotation and photometric activity. The current work is the second of this series (Santos et al. 2019; Paper I), where we analyze the Kepler long-cadence data of 132,921 main-sequence F and G stars and late subgiant stars. Rotation-period candidates are obtained by combining wavelet analysis with autocorrelation function. Reliable rotation periods are then selected via a machine learning (ML) algorithm (Breton et al. 2021), automatic selection, and complementary visual inspection. The ML training data set comprises 26,521 main-sequence K and M stars from Paper I. To supplement the training, we analyze in the same way as Paper I, i.e. automatic selection and visual inspection, 34,100 additional stars. We finally provide rotation periods Prot and associated photometric activity proxy Sph for 39,592 targets. Hotter stars are generally faster rotators than cooler stars. For main-sequence G stars, Sph spans a wider range of values with increasing effective temperature, while F stars tend to have smaller Sph values in comparison with cooler stars. Overall for G stars, fast rotators are photometrically more active than slow rotators, with Sph saturating at short periods. The combined outcome of the two papers accounts for average Prot and Sph values for 55,232 main-sequence and subgiant FGKM stars (out of 159,442 targets), with 24,182 new Prot detections in comparison with McQuillan et al. (2014). The upper edge of the Prot distribution is located at longer Prot than found previously., 25 pages; 20 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJS. Rotation tables: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1agmmR2WWbrnhMDP7scXhYCW8mWEcNzZK/view?usp=sharing

Eclipsing binaries (EBs) are unique benchmarks for stellar evolution. On the one hand, detached EBs hosting at least one star with detectable solar-like oscillations constitute ideal test objects to calibrate asteroseismic measurements. On the other hand, the oscillations and surface activity of stars that belong to EBs offer unique information about the evolution of binary systems. This paper builds upon previous works dedicated to red giant stars (RG) in EBs -- 20 known systems so far -- discovered by the NASA Kepler mission. Here we report the discovery of 16 RGs in EBs also from the Kepler data. This new sample includes three SB2-EBs with oscillations and six close systems where the RG display a clear surface activity and complete oscillation suppression. Based on dedicated high-resolution spectroscopic observations (Apache Point Observatory, Observatoire de Haute Provence), we focus on three main aspects. From the extended sample of 14 SB2-EBs, we first confirm that the simple application of the asteroseismic scaling relations to RGs overestimates masses and radii of RGs, by about 15% and 5%. This bias can be reduced by employing either new asteroseismic reference values for RGs, or model-based corrections of the asteroseismic parameters. Secondly, we confirm that close binarity leads to a high level of photometric modulation (up to 10%), and a suppression of solar-like oscillations. In particular, we show that it reduces the lifetime of radial modes by a factor of up to 10. Thirdly, we use our 16 new systems to complement previous observational studies that aimed at constraining tidal dissipation in interacting binaries. In particular, we identify systems with circular orbits despite relatively young ages, which suggests exploring complementary tidal dissipation mechanisms in the future. Finally, we report the measurements of mass, radius, and age of three M-dwarf companion stars., 36 pages, 17 figures, radial velocity tables, Accepted in A&A

In order to understand stellar evolution, it is crucial to efficiently determine stellar surface rotation periods. An efficient tool to automatically determine reliable rotation periods is needed when dealing with large samples of stellar photometric datasets. The objective of this work is to develop such a tool. Random forest learning abilities are exploited to automate the extraction of rotation periods in Kepler light curves. Rotation periods and complementary parameters are obtained from three different methods: a wavelet analysis, the autocorrelation function of the light curve, and the composite spectrum. We train three different classifiers: one to detect if rotational modulations are present in the light curve, one to flag close binary or classical pulsators candidates that can bias our rotation period determination, and finally one classifier to provide the final rotation period. We test our machine learning pipeline on 23,431 stars of the Kepler K and M dwarf reference rotation catalog of Santos et al. (2019) for which 60% of the stars have been visually inspected. For the sample of 21,707 stars where all the input parameters are provided to the algorithm, 94.2% of them are correctly classified (as rotating or not). Among the stars that have a rotation period in the reference catalog, the machine learning provides a period that agrees within 10% of the reference value for 95.3% of the stars. Moreover, the yield of correct rotation periods is raised to 99.5% after visually inspecting 25.2% of the stars. Over the two main analysis steps, rotation classification and period selection, the pipeline yields a global agreement with the reference values of 92.1% and 96.9% before and after visual inspection. Random forest classifiers are efficient tools to determine reliable rotation periods in large samples of stars. [abridged], 14 pages, 8 figures. Accepted in A&A

We explore the relationships between the chemistry, ages, and locations of stars in the Galaxy using asteroseismic data from the K2 mission and spectroscopic data from the Apache Point Galactic Evolution Experiment survey. Previous studies have used giant stars in the Kepler field to map the relationship between the chemical composition and the ages of stars at the solar circle. Consistent with prior work, we find that stars with high [Alpha/Fe] have distinct, older ages in comparison to stars with low [Alpha/Fe]. We provide age estimates for red giant branch (RGB) stars in the Kepler field, which support and build upon previous age estimates by taking into account the effect of alpha-enrichment on opacity. Including this effect for [Alpha/Fe]-rich stars results in up to 10% older ages for low-mass stars relative to corrected solar mixture calculations. This is a significant effect that Galactic archaeology studies should take into account. Looking beyond the Kepler field, we estimate ages for 735 red giant branch stars from the K2 mission, mapping age trends as a function of the line of sight. We find that the age distributions for low- and high-[Alpha/Fe] stars converge with increasing distance from the Galactic plane, in agreement with suggestions from earlier work. We find that K2 stars with high [Alpha/Fe] appear to be younger than their counterparts in the Kepler field, overlapping more significantly with a similarly aged low-[Alpha/Fe] population. This observation may suggest that star formation or radial migration proceeds unevenly in the Galaxy., Published in AJ

The discovery of the moderate differential rotation between the core and the envelope of evolved solar-like stars could be the signature of a strong magnetic field trapped inside the radiative interior. The population of intermediate-mass red giants presenting a surprisingly low-amplitude of their mixed modes could also arise from the effect of an internal magnetic field. Indeed, stars more massive than about 1.1Ms are known to develop a convective core during their main sequence, which could relax into a strong fossil magnetic field trapped inside the core of the star for the rest of its evolution. The observations of mixed modes can constitute an excellent probe of the deepest layers of evolved solar-like stars. The magnetic perturbation on mixed modes may thus be visible in asteroseismic data. To unravel which constraints can be obtained from observations, we theoretically investigate the effects of a plausible mixed axisymmetric magnetic field with various amplitudes on the mixed-mode frequencies of evolved solar-like stars. The first-order frequency perturbations are computed for dipolar and quadrupolar mixed modes. These computations are carried out for a range of stellar ages, masses, and metallicities. We show that typical fossil-field strengths of 0.1-1 MG, consistent with the presence of a dynamo in the convective core during the main sequence, provoke significant asymmetries on mixed-mode frequency multiplets during the red-giant branch. We show that these signatures may be detectable in asteroseismic data for field amplitudes small enough for the amplitude of the modes not to be affected by the conversion of gravity into Alfven waves inside the magnetised interior. Finally, we infer an upper limit for the strength of the field, and the associated lower limit for the timescale of its action, to redistribute angular momentum in stellar interiors., 30 pages, 19 figures, Submitted to A&A, Revised version

Mackereth, J. Ted, et al., The NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (NASA-TESS) mission presents a treasure trove for understanding the stars it observes and the Milky Way, in which they reside. We present a first look at the prospects for Galactic and stellar astrophysics by performing initial asteroseismic analyses of bright (G < 11) red giant stars in the TESS southern continuous viewing zone (SCVZ). Using three independent pipelines, we detect νmax and Δν in 41 per cent of the 15 405 star parent sample (6388 stars), with consistency at a level of ∼2 per cent in νmax and ∼5 per cent in Δν. Based on this, we predict that seismology will be attainable for ∼3 × 105 giants across the whole sky and at least 104 giants with ≥1 yr of observations in the TESS-CVZs, subject to improvements in analysis and data reduction techniques. The best quality TESS-CVZ data, for 5574 stars where pipelines returned consistent results, provide high-quality power spectra across a number of stellar evolutionary states. This makes possible studies of, for example, the asymptotic giant branch bump. Furthermore, we demonstrate that mixed ℓ = 1 modes and rotational splitting are cleanly observed in the 1-yr data set. By combining TESS-CVZ data with TESS-HERMES, SkyMapper, APOGEE, and Gaia, we demonstrate its strong potential for Galactic archaeology studies, providing good age precision and accuracy that reproduces well the age of high [α/Fe] stars and relationships between mass and kinematics from previous studies based on e.g. Kepler. Better quality astrometry and simpler target selection than the Kepler sample makes this data ideal for studies of the local star formation history and evolution of the Galactic disc. These results provide a strong case for detailed spectroscopic follow-up in the CVZs to complement that which has been (or will be) collected by current surveys., JTM and AM acknowledge support from the ERC Consolidator Grant funding scheme (project ASTEROCHRONOMETRY, G.A. n. 772293). JTM acknowledges support from the Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship programme administered by the Government of Canada, and a CITA/Dunlap Institute fellowship. The Dunlap Institute is funded through an endowment established by the David Dunlap family and the University of Toronto. SM acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2015-17697. RAG acknowledges the support from the PLATO CNES grant. DB acknowledges supported by FCT through the research grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, and PTDC/FIS-AST/30389/2017, and by FEDER – Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (grant: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030389). LC acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council grant FT160100402. TC acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 792848 (PULSATION). AS is partially supported by grants ESP2017-82674-R (Spanish Government) and 2017-SGR-1131 (Generalitat de Catalunya). MHP and MV acknowledge support from NASA grant 80NSSC18K1582.

We analysed 68 candidate planetary systems first identified during Campaigns 5 and 6 (C5 and C6) of the NASA \textit{K2} mission. We set out to validate these systems by using a suite of follow-up observations, including adaptive optics, speckle imaging, and reconnaissance spectroscopy. The overlap between C5 with C16 and C18, and C6 with C17, yields lightcurves with long baselines that allow us to measure the transit ephemeris very precisely, revisit single transit candidates identified in earlier campaigns, and search for additional transiting planets with longer periods not detectable in previous works. Using \texttt{vespa}, we compute false positive probabilities of less than 1\% for 37 candidates orbiting 29 unique host stars and hence statistically validate them as planets. These planets have a typical size of $2.2R_{\oplus}$ and orbital periods between 1.99 and 52.71 days. We highlight interesting systems including a sub-Neptune with the longest period detected by \textit{K2}, sub-Saturns around F stars, several multi-planetary systems in a variety of architectures. These results show that a wealth of planetary systems still remains in the \textit{K2} data, some of which can be validated using minimal follow-up observations and taking advantage of analyses presented in previous catalogs., 25 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is recording short-cadence, high duty-cycle timeseries across most of the sky, which presents the opportunity to detect and study oscillations in interesting stars, in particular planet hosts. We have detected and analysed solar-like oscillations in the bright G4 subgiant HD 38529, which hosts an inner, roughly Jupiter-mass planet on a 14.3d orbit and an outer, low-mass brown dwarf on a 2136 d orbit. We combine results frommultiple stellarmodelling teams to produce robust asteroseismic estimates of the star's properties, including its mass M = 1.48 +/- 0.04 M-circle dot, radius R = 2.68 +/- 0.03 R-circle dot, and age t = 3.07 +/- 0.39 Gyr. Our results confirm that HD 38529 has a mass near the higher end of the range that can be found in the literature and also demonstrate that precise stellar properties can be measured given shorter timeseries than produced by CoRoT, Kepler, or K2., UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/R0023297/1]; Danish National Research FoundationDanmarks Grundforskningsfond [DNRF106]; grant FPI-SO from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [SEV-2015-0548-17-2, BES-2017-082610]; Spanish Ministry with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship [RYC-2015-17697]; NASANational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [NNX17AF27G, NNX16AI09G, 80NSSC19K0374]; TESS GI Program under NASA [80NSSC18K1585, 80NSSC19K0385]; Carlsberg FoundationCarlsberg Foundation [CF19-0649]; Independent Research Fund Denmark [7027-00096B]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation at the Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik; national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT); FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) [UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, PTDC/FIS-AST/30389/2017]; Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) through COMPETE2020: Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao [POCI01-0145-FEDER-030389]; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions grant [792848]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK:118F352]; NASA Explorer ProgramNational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); PLATO-CNES grant, WHB, WJC, and MBN thank the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) for support under grant ST/R0023297/1. Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by The Danish National Research Foundation (grant DNRF106). LGC thanks the support from grant FPI-SO from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO; research project SEV-2015-0548-17-2 and predoctoral contract BES-2017-082610). SM acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2015-17697. ARGS acknowledges the support from NASA under grant NNX17AF27G. RAG acknowledges the support of the PLATO-CNES grant. DLB acknowledges support from the TESS GI Program under NASA awards 80NSSC18K1585 and 80NSSC19K0385. JRM acknowledges support from the Carlsberg Foundation (grant CF19-0649). VSA acknowledges support from the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Research grant 7027-00096B). BN acknowledges postdoctoral funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation taken at the Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik. MSC and MD are supported in the form of work contracts funded by national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT). MSC and MD acknowledge support by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) by grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, and PTDC/FIS-AST/30389/2017 and by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) through COMPETE2020: Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao by grant POCI01-0145-FEDER-030389. TC acknowledges support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions grant 792848 (PULSATION). SB acknowledges NASA grants NNX16AI09G and 80NSSC19K0374. ZCO, MY, and SO acknowledge the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK:118F352) This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program. Calculations in this paper had used the University of Birmingham's BlueBEAR High-Performance Computing service.1

[Context] The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is observing bright known planet-host stars across almost the entire sky. These stars have been subject to extensive ground-based observations, providing a large number of radial velocity measurements., [Aims] The objective of this work is to use the new TESS photometric observations to characterize the star λ2 Fornacis, and following this to update the parameters of the orbiting planet λ2 For b., [Methods] We measured the frequencies of the p-mode oscillations in λ2 For, and in combination with non-seismic parameters estimated the stellar fundamental properties using stellar models. Using the revised stellar properties and a time series of archival radial velocities from the UCLES, HIRES and HARPS instruments spanning almost 20 years, we refit the orbit of λ2 For b and searched the residual radial velocities for remaining variability., [Results] We find that λ2 For has a mass of 1.16 ± 0.03 M⊙ and a radius of 1.63 ± 0.04 R⊙, with an age of 6.3 ± 0.9 Gyr. This and the updated radial velocity measurements suggest a mass of λ2 For b of 16.8−1.3+1.2 M⊕, which is ∼5M⊕ less than literature estimates. We also detect an additional periodicity at 33 days in the radial velocity measurements, which is likely due to the rotation of the host star., [Conclusions] While previous literature estimates of the properties of λ2 For are ambiguous, the asteroseismic measurements place the star firmly at the early stage of its subgiant evolutionary phase. Typically only short time series of photometric data are available from TESS, but by using asteroseismology it is still possible to provide tight constraints on the properties of bright stars that until now have only been observed from the ground. This prompts a reexamination of archival radial velocity data that have been accumulated in the past few decades in order to update the characteristics of the planet hosting systems observed by TESS for which asteroseismology is possible., AHMJT and MRS have benefited from funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 803193/BEBOP). Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (Grant agreement no.: DNRF106). ZÇO, MY, and SÖ acknowledge the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜB˙TAK:118F352). AS acknowledges support from grants ESP2017-82674-R (MICINN) and 2017-SGR-1131 (Generalitat Catalunya). TLC acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 792848 (PULSATION). This work was supported by FCT/MCTES through national funds (UID/FIS/04434/2019). MD is supported by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) by this grant UID/FIS/04434/2019. MD and MV are supported by FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização by these grants: UID/FIS/04434/2019; PTDC/FIS-AST/30389/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030389 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER03038. MD is supported in the form of a work contract funded by national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT). SM acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2015-17697. BM and RAG acknowledge the support of the CNES/PLATO grant. DLB and LC acknowledge support from the TESS GI Program under awards 80NSSC18K1585 and 80NSSC19K0385. LGC thanks the support from grant FPI-SO from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (research project SEV-2015-0548-17-2 and predoctoral contract BES-2017-082610). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program. Based in part on data acquired at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. We acknowledge the traditional owners of the land on which the AAT stands, the Gamilaraay people, and pay our respects to elders past and present. The data presented herein were in part obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community.