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CASE A 27-year-old Brazilian dancer is admitted to a community hospital with left-sided pleuritic chest pain and severe shortness of breath that has increased over the past two weeks. She [...]

CASE A 71-year-old white female with epigastric pain of three days' duration and intermittent vomiting appears in the emergency department of a community hospital. Her medical history is essentially unremarkable. [...]

In the present studies aimed at assessing the humoral and cellular immune response of heavy metal aquatic pollution--exposed fish to microbial antigens, the T and B cell levels in the peripheral blood before and after challenge with Pasteurella multocida antigens were analyzed in normal and heavy metal pollution exposed fish. The mean percentage of T cells increased very significantly (p, Introduction Pollution of water with harmful chemicals, heavy metals, trace elements etc. may adversely affect the immune system of fish leading to decreased production, increased susceptibility to diseases and mortality. [...]

Two groups of six fish each were exposed to a combination of various compounds of eight heavy metals in water for two months. The concentration of the metals in the water was the same as found in the polluted water of Buddha Nallah, a drain of Ludhiana which flows through the heart of the city and joins the river Satluj. Levels of lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine secretion by mitogen activated lymphocytes were analyzed. The difference in mean values of proteins in culture supernatants of activated lymphocytes between the Con-A stimulated normal and pollutant--exposed stimulated lymphocytes was not significant but the decrease in values in case of exposed fish was very significant (p=0.001)on PHA stimulation. No significant difference in cell proliferation on stimulation with the mitogens PHA or Con-A was found between normal and pollutant--exposed fish., Introduction The aquatic habitat of fish is intimately associated with their body functions, including immune reactivity. These normal functions are susceptible to adverse changes in water quality. Occurrence of aquatic [...]

Two groups of six Common Carp fish each were exposed to a combination of various compounds of eight heavy metals in water for two months. The concentration of the metals in the water was the same as found in the polluted water of Buddha Nallah, a drain of Ludhiana which flows through the heart of the city and joins the river Satluj. Levels of total plasma proteins and serum protein profiles of normal and pollutant--exposed fish were analyzed. The mean value of total plasma proteins was lower (though non-significantly) in case of pollutant--exposed fish. Serum protein profiles on SDS--PAGE showed that the proteins p63 and p25 disappear while p56 and p22 appear in the sera of fish on exposure to heavy metal polluted water., Introduction The normal functions of fish are susceptible to adverse changes in water quality. Occurrence of aquatic pollutants (such as heavy metals) has been correlated to alterations in the fish [...]

Two groups of six Common Carp fish each were exposed to a combination of various compounds of eight heavy metals in water for two months. The concentration of the metals in the water was the same as found in the polluted water of Buddha Nallah, a drain of Ludhiana which flows through the heart of the city and joins the river Satluj. Levels of total plasma proteins and serum protein profiles of normal and pollutant--exposed fish were analyzed. The mean value of total plasma proteins was lower (though non--significantly) in case of pollutant--exposed fish. Serum protein profiles on SDS--PAGE showed that the proteins p63 and p25 disappear while p56 and p22 appear in the sera of fish on exposure to heavy metal polluted water., Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion Introduction The normal functions of fish are susceptible to adverse changes in water quality. Occurrence of aquatic pollutants (such as [...]

Two groups of six fish each were exposed to a combination of various compounds of eight heavy metals in water for two months. The concentration of the metals in the water was the same as found in the polluted water of Buddha Nallah, a drain of Ludhiana which flows through the heart of the city and joins the river Satluj. Levels of lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine secretion by mitogen activated lymphocytes were analyzed. The difference in mean values of proteins in culture supernatants of activated lymphocytes between the Con-A stimulated normal and pollutant--exposed stimulated lymphocytes was not significant but the decrease in values in case of exposed fish was very significant (p=0.001)on PHA stimulation. No significant difference in cell proliferation on stimulation with the mitogens PHA or Con-A was found between normal and pollutant--exposed fish., Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion Introduction The aquatic habitat of fish is intimately associated with their body functions, including immune reactivity. These normal functions are [...]

Pollution of water with heavy metals may suppress the immune system of fish leading to increased susceptibility to diseases, decreased production and mortality. Polluted water from a brook of Ludhiana city called Buddha Nallah was used to investigate the effect of heavy metals on fish lymphoid organs. In the present study, the water sample showed abnormally high concentrations (in mg/L) of all the 8 heavy metals investigated--Iron (35.86), Zinc (2.75), Manganese (0.166), Nickel (0.090), Chromium (0.065), Copper (0.045), Lead (0.044) and Cadmium (0.025). Common Carp fish was reared in a water tank containing polluted water from the Nallah. Exposure of fish to the polluted water (3%) for 2 weeks led to sudden mortality among 60% of the test fish. The dead fish showed generalized congestion and cyanosis on the outer surface of the body and congestion and hemorrhage in the intestines. Histopathology of lymphoid tissues of the dead fish revealed congestion, haemorrhage, lymphocytic infiltration and degenerative changes in kidney, spleen, gut and liver. It is evident from the study that heavy metals cause significant pathological changes in fish lymphoid organs and mortality of fish. Keywords: water pollution, heavy metals, fish, lymphoid organs, histopathology, Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion References Introduction Pollution of water with harmful chemicals, heavy metals, trace elements etc. may suppress the immune system of fish [...]

CASE A 58-year-old woman with epigastric and right upper quadrant abdominal pain of five days' duration is admitted to a community hospital. The pain radiates intermittently to the right infrascapular [...]