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This paper explores the Qur’anic factors for nation’s rise and fall. It highlights on how the divine law, sunnatullah, is functioning in this connection. The researcher depends on the textual analysis method dealing with relevant verses of the Quran. Hence, various types of Tafsir books were consulted. The findings include as follows: according to Quran, the universe is created and regulated in a systematic way which makes it a cosmos and not a chaos. This system is called sunnatullah, the natural laws of cause and effect. The case of nation’s rise and fall is also governed by the same divine system. The Quran depicts the standards and virtues such as strong belief system, righteous deeds, justice, reformation, renewal, having knowledge and wisdom might raise a nation to the sublime position among other nations. Similarly, it refers to some factors such as luxury, injustice, religious extremism, disunity that could propel a nation from the sublime to the ridiculous. It is expected that this study would deliver a significant contribution to this subject.

This research aims to study the approaches to integrating scientific and Islamic knowledge based on the views of two selected Muslim scholar, namely Al-Ghazali and Alwani. A considerable amount of research has been produced on knowledge integration, yet there is still a lack of study in exploring the ‘processes’ of integration. Hence, this research highlights this particular aspect from both traditional and contemporary perspectives. Qualitative in nature, the data for this work was collected from the writings of the selected scholars and analyzed in order to find out how the integration is achieved. As a result, this study finds out two distinctive approaches to integration: Firstly, in al-Ghazali’s view, integration is an external and complementary factor where Islamic knowledge and science maintain their own entity but the later complements the former as a supportive tool; secondly, Alwani sees the integration as an internal and essential matter where a knowledge evolves as a result of a mix of scientific reading of the Quranic texts as well as reading of the nature based on Quranic worldview. Keywords: Generic skills, Integration of Knowledge, Islamization of knowledge, Al-Ghazali, Alwani, Islamic Worldview. Abstrak Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji pendekatan untuk mengintegrasikan ilmu Sains dan Islam berdasarkan pandangan dua cendiakawan Islam iaitu Al-Ghazali dan Alwani. Sejumlah besar kajian telah pun dilakukan namun masih terdapat kekurangan kajian dari aspek proses integrasi ilmu pengetahuan. Oleh itu kajian ini secara khususnya akan memaparkan proses tersebut berdasarkan perspektif tradisional dan kontemporari. Disebabkan bersifat kualitatif, data-data kajian ini diperolehi daripada penulisan-penulisan para cendiakawan yang terpilih yang kemudiannya akan dianalisa untuk mengetahui proses bagaimana integrasi dapat dicapai. Hasil kajian mendapati dua pendekatan untuk tujuan integrasi, yang pertama menurut pandangan al-Ghazali, integrasi merupakan faktor luaran dan pelengkap dimana ilmu pengetahuan Islam dan Sains mengekalkan entiti tersendiri, namun Sains merupakan penyokong kepada ilmu pengetahuan tersebut. Kedua, Alwani melihat integrasi sebagai faktor dalaman yang penting untuk perkembangan ilmu hasil daripada pembacaan saintifik teks-teks al-Quran dan alam menurut perspektif al-Quran. Kata Kunci: Kemahiran Generic, Pengintegrasian ilmu, Pengislaman ilmu, Al-Ghazali, Alwani, Pandang dunia menurut Islam.

Forensic evidence is an evolving science in the field of criminal investigation and prosecutions. It has been widely used in the administration of justice in the courts and the Western legal system, particularly in common law. To accommodate this new method of evidence in Islamic law, this article firstly, conceptualizes forensic evidence in Islamic law. Secondly, explores legal frameworks for its adoption in Islamic law. Bukti forensik adalah sains yang sentiasa berkembang dalam bidang siasatan jenayah dan pendakwaan. Ia telah digunakan secara meluas dalam pentadbiran keadilan di mahkamah dan sistem undang-undang Barat, terutamanya dalam undang-undang common (common law). Untuk menampung kaedah pembuktian baru ini dalam undang-undang Islam, artikel ini, pertamanya, konseptualisasikan bukti forensik dalam undangundang Islam. Kedua, ia menerokai rangka kerja undang-undang untuk penerimaannya dalam undang-undang Islam.

Islamic science has a glorious past and it successfully contributes to the development of modern science. The emergence, developments and accomplishments of Islamic scientific trend are traced back to the advent of Islamic era when human mind had been radically reformed, and transformed from its irrational and superstitious tendency into a scientific nature. There are overwhelming emphases given in the Qur’an on shaping a scientific mind. In order to achieve this aim, the Qur’an follows many unique methods, such as denying supposition in the place of conviction, disobeying caprice and emotions in place of knowledge, discouraging blind imitation of forefathers and chieftains, developing consciousness, employing deductive reasoning, approaching the doctrine of cause and effect, posing enlightening questions, developing deep and critical thinking instead of superficial outlook. However, in the context of modern approaches of shaping the scientific mind, the three approaches of the Qur’an namely; making mind conscious, developing capacity of objective judgment and conscious reasoning should be scrutinized and researched.