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Magnetic hysteresis loops (MHLs) are comparatively measured on both textured and single crystalline [Sc.sub.5][Ir.sub.4][Si.sub.10] superconductors. Three kinds of peaks of the flux pinning force are observed at low fields near zero, intermediated fields, and high fields near the upper critical field.

An electric-field modulation of the magnetic properties through converse magnetoelectric effect is described in Fe films directly grown on BiSc[O.sub.3]-PbTi[O.sub.3] (BSPT) ceramics based on the magneto-optical Kerr effect. The coercive field ([H.sub.c]) electric field curve has tracked the dependence of the piezostrain of the BSPT ceramics on the electric field, which has shown the magnetic-mechanical-electric coupling in such film-on-substrate composite structures.

The deposition of thin solid films of [Sc.sub.1-x][Al.sub.x]N (0

Bi([Sc.sub.0.5][Fe.sub.0.5])[O.sub.3]-PbTi[O.sub.3] (BSF-PT) thin films with a composition in the vicinity of a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between rhombohedral and tetragonal phases are grown on LaNi[O.sub.3]/Si[O.sub.2]/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The dielectric properties of the film are increased due to high crystallinity and the magnetic measurements have shown that BSF-PT thin films are antiferromagnetic, thus confirming their mutiferroic nature.

The reactive magnetron sputtering of ScN and YN onto [alpha]-[Al.sub.2][O.sub.3] single crystal substrates is described that has resulted in a single-orientation epitaxy. The mobility power laws described for ScN and YN has shown that these materials might display very high mobility at low carrier concentration.

A modified chemical coprecipitation technique is used for preparing scandium (Sc) doped, single phase Ba[Fe.sub.12-x][Sc.sub.x][O.sub.19] at large scale. The studies have shown that the saturation magnetic moment decreases with increasing Sc ion substitution and the high squareness ratio, coercivity and narrow ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth has depended strongly on the sintering temperature and the resulting density if the film.

A series of scandium-doped M-type barium hexagonal ferrite powders are prepared by conventional ceramic processing methods. The studies have shown that the substituted Sc has a strong preference for the bipyramidal site, but the substitution has not introduced additional atomic structural disorder into the barium hexagonal structure.

Magnetic structures of NdScGe by high-resolution neutron powder diffraction, ac-susceptibility and magnetometry are determined. The magnetic ordering temperature is 194(2) K and the magnetic structure is characterized by ferromagnetic order of the Nd sublattice lying in or close to the tetragonal basal place.